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瘤胃保护性蛋氨酸稳定性检验研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据氨基酸过瘤胃保护原理 ,将硬脂酸 (C1 8)、膨润土和蛋氨酸按一定比例制成包被蛋氨酸 ,通过体外法和半体内法检验该包被蛋氨酸在瘤胃中的稳定性以及在小肠中的消化率。试验结果表明 ,包被蛋氨酸在人工唾液、瘤胃液及真胃液中的溶解度分别为10 .2 1%、12 .2 1%和 18.68%。经人工唾液、瘤胃尼龙袋、真胃液和两级离体消化试验 ,结果表明 ,包被蛋氨酸样品在人工唾液和瘤胃液中较为稳定 ,蛋氨酸的释放率分别为 14 .73%和 2 2 .0 5 % ;在真胃液中也具有较好的可消化性 ,蛋氨酸的释放率为 90 .10 % ,两级离体消化试验中蛋氨酸释放率为 91.5 2 %。瘤胃尼龙袋法和真胃液体外法计算结果显示 ,样品中的蛋氨酸在试羊整个消化道内释放率为 89.0 3%。 相似文献
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过瘤胃蛋氨酸添加剂的研究 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
本研究选用动物油和氢化棕榈油包理处理蛋氨酸，制成颗粒状过瘤胃蛋氨酸添加剂。通过人工唾液消化试验、体内尼龙袋试验、人工真胃液消化试验及真胃液体外消化试验，检验其稳定性；通过真胃瘘管试验测定了真胃液AA含量。并选用12只育成期内蒙古细毛羊，进行了消化代谢试验。试验结果表明，过瘤胃蛋氨酸添加剂，在人工唾液和瘤胃内较稳定，而在人工真胃液和真胃液中具有易溶解和消化的特点。其中动物油包被蛋氨酸效果最佳，营养物质消化率、N沉积率（P<0.01）、真胃液蛋氨酸和总氨基酸水平均明显高于其他处理。 相似文献
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试验旨在应用体外模拟法研究过瘤胃保护生物素（RPB）的唾液、瘤胃和小肠降解率，为过瘤胃生物素产品的过瘤胃保护效果和稳定性提供理论参考。试验采用人工唾液法测定RPB的唾液稳定性，半体内尼龙袋法测定RPB在安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康辽宁绒山羊瘤胃中的降解率，体外模拟小肠消化法测定小肠降解率，评定RPB的过瘤胃保护效果。结果表明：RPB在人工唾液中培养4 h内降解率低于18%，瘤胃中4、24 h内降解率分别为36.28%和59.34%，小肠中的平均降解率为84.85%。由此可见，RPB产品包被效果良好，在人工唾液和瘤胃中稳定性较好，且具有较高的小肠可消化性。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸包被产品的唾液、瘤胃和小肠降解率,检验过瘤胃半胱氨酸(RPCys)和蛋氨酸(RPMet)包被稳定性。采用人工唾液法、半体内尼龙袋法、体外模拟小肠消化法测定RPCys和RPMet降解率,综合评定RPCys与RPMet的过瘤胃保护效果。结果表明,RPCys与RPMet在人工唾液中2 h降解率分别为3.24%和9.32%,4 h降解率分别为4.10%和11.84%;在瘤胃中的有效降解率分别为8.97%和32.00%;在体外模拟小肠环境中2 h后降解率分别高于87.38%和81.12%。研究表明,RPCys和RPMet包被效果良好,在人工唾液和瘤胃中较稳定且有较高的小肠释放率;与RPMet相比,RPCys的过瘤胃保护效果较好。 相似文献
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进行两个试验,研究灌注人工唾液对绵(?)平衡,瘤胃发酵和微生物蛋白质合成的影响。用尿液嘌呤衍生物总量作为供给宿主动物微生物氮的指标。试验1内,4只绵羊每天饲喂1kg以侧短干草为基础的配合日粮,采用4×4拉丁方(?),别向瘤胃中灌注0,1.5,3和4L/d单倍浓度的人工唾液(AS)。试验2内,3(?)每天饲喂与试验1成分相同的颗粒日粮1kg,采用3×4不完全拉丁方设计,分别(?)瘤胃中灌注0,4和8L/d单倍浓度和4L/d双倍浓度的人工唾液(DAS)。试验1发现,灌注人工唾液对瘤胃液体积、瘤胃液稀释率、发酵类型及微生物氮合成没有影响试验又发现,灌注8L/d AS和4L/d DAS显著提高瘤胃液稀释率和微生物氮的今成(P<0.05):但对瘤胃液体积没有显著影响(P<0.05)。4个处理的微生物氮合(?)效率分别为8.50,11.20,13.10和13.97g/kg可消化有机物(DOM)(S.E=(?) 95)。微生物氮合成效率与瘤胃液稀释率有相关关系。 相似文献
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为探讨不同包被壁材在瘤胃中的稳定性及小肠释放性能,试验选用4只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管及十二指肠前端瘘管的健康崂山奶山羊去势公羊,分别测定中性羧甲基纤维素钠、单硬脂酸甘油酯、乙基纤维素、海藻酸钠、酸性羧甲基纤维素钠、乙酸纤维素、脂肪粉、聚乙二醇和血粉等9种包被壁材的人工唾液12 h消失率、瘤胃48 h降解率及小肠消失率。结果表明:脂肪粉不仅人工唾液及瘤胃降解率低,而且小肠消失率高,是最为理想的过瘤胃养分包被壁材;单硬脂酸甘油脂和血粉在人工唾液及瘤胃稳定性略差,用作包被壁材时应适当加大包被比例或增加包衣厚度;乙基纤维素和乙酸纤维素瘤胃降解率和小肠消失率均较低,包被时应注意包衣厚度,防止由于包被过度而影响养分释放与吸收。 相似文献
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《动物医学进展》2020,(8)
为预测硫酸小檗碱微球的体内释放效应,以及制备更加符合机体生理特点的微球制剂,以硫酸小檗碱为模型药物,制备了壳聚糖-海藻酸钠载药微球。以生理盐水、人工肠液和人工胃液为释放介质,采用转篮法测定了载药微球在1 h～48 h的药物累计释放度。结果表明,在释放试验的1 h～12 h,人工肠液中的药物释放速度较快,在12 h药物累计释放率达到57.18%,而在生理盐水和人工胃液中的药物释放速度较慢,累计释放率分别为23.07%和11.04%,至48 h,在人工胃液、生理盐水和人工肠液中的药物累计释放率分别达到24.99%、51.29%和91.01%。在人工胃液中符合Higuchi方程,在人工肠液和生理盐水中的释放行为符合一级拟合方程,表明硫酸小檗碱壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微球具有良好的缓释性能。 相似文献
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长期以来 ,人们普遍认为 ,唾液的生理作用主要是有利于采食、咀嚼、吞咽和调节瘤胃的水盐代谢。近年来的研究表明 ,唾液中含有多种生物活性肽 ,且唾液中丰富的蛋白质(特别是粘蛋白)也可能释放一些活性肽。因此很有必要对唾液的生理意义进行重新认识。本试验旨在通过体外试验探讨唾液对瘤胃消化代谢的影响。试验分试验组和对照组 ,试验组加20 %的唾液 ,对照组加蛋白含量和 pH与唾液相同的牛血清白蛋白液(人工唾液配成) ,以使试验组和对照组营养水平基本一致。以1g干羊草粉(20～40目)作底物 ,在我室建立的人工瘤胃中39℃下发酵24h。每隔2h采样一次 ,测 pH、VFA、NH3-N、MCP变化 ,并在培养结束后收集底物 ,测总DM和ADF消失率。结果显示 ,唾液使底物DM和ADF消失率分别提高19.95 %(54.35 %vs46.08 %,P<0.01)和15.2 %(50.34 %vs43.66 %,P<0.01) ;MCP含量增加5.68 %(19.74vs18.68mg/L,P<0.05) ;NH3-N升高12.25%(9.079vs8.088mM,P<0.05) ;TVFA升高8.42 %(22.519vs20.770mM,P<0.01),C2/C3 无明显改变(P>0.05) ;而整个试验过程中试验组和对照组pH无明显差异(P>0.05)。结果表明 ,唾液除影响瘤胃水盐平衡外 ,还对瘤胃的消化代谢有十分重要的作用。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平的过瘤胃保护性精氨酸（ｒｕｍｅｎ ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｅｄａｒｇｉｎｉｎｅ，ＲＰ Ａｒｇ）和大豆油对细毛羊肌内脂肪和脂肪酸组成的影响。试验选用健康、体重相近的 １５只细毛羊，随机分为５组，对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加１．５ｇ／ｄＲＰ Ａｒｇ、２．０ｇ／ｄＲＰ Ａｒｇ、１．５ｇ／ｄＲＰ Ａｒｇ＋３％大豆油和 ２．０ｇ／ｄＲＰ Ａｒｇ＋３％大豆油的饲粮。预试期为５ｄ，正试期为 ４５ｄ。试验结束后每组选 ２只羊进行屠宰，取背最长肌样用于测定肉质指标和脂肪酸组成。结果表明：试验组肌肉 ｐＨ、系水率和熟肉率与对照组差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），而肌内脂肪含量显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；试验组肌肉多不饱和脂肪酸含量与对照组相比显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）；添加 ＲＰ Ａｒｇ和大豆油有提高肌肉过氧化物酶体增生物激活受体 γ（ＰＰＡＲγ）、脂蛋白脂酶（ＬＰＬ）ｍＲＮＡ表达量，降低激素敏感性甘油三酯脂肪酶（ＨＳＬ）ｍＲＮＡ表达量的趋势。综合指标，以 １．５ｇ／ｄＲＰ Ａｒｇ组与 １．５ｇ／ｄＲＰ Ａｒｇ＋３％大豆油组添加效果较好。 相似文献
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《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(4):1095-1104
This study aimed to explore whether dietary rumen-protected L-arginine (RP-Arg) or N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) supplementation to feed-restricted pregnant ewes counteracts fetal hepatic inflammation and innate immune dysfunction associated with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in ovine fetuses. On d 35 of pregnancy, twin-bearing Hu ewes (n = 32) were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups (8 ewes and 16 fetuses per group) and fed diets containing 100% of the NRC requirements (CON), 50% of the NRC requirements (RES), RES + RP-Arg (20 g/d) (RESA), or RES + NCG (5 g/d) (RESN). At 08:00 on d 110 of gestation, fetal blood and liver tissue samples were collected. The levels of triglyceride, free fatty acid, cholesterol and β-hydroxybutyrate in the fetal blood of RESA and RESN groups were lower (P < 0.05) than those of the RES group, but were higher (P < 0.05) than those of the CON group. The interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 levels in fetal blood and liver tissue as well as the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) mRNA levels in the fetal liver were decreased (P < 0.05) by the NCG or RP-Arg supplementation compared to the RES treatment. Similarly, the toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, MyD88, TGFβ, and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) protein levels in the fetal liver were reduced (P < 0.05) in the NCG and RP-Arg -supplemented groups compared to the RES group. These results showed that dietary supplementation of RP-Arg or NCG to underfed pregnant ewes could protect against IUGR fetal hepatic inflammation via improving lipid metabolism, down-regulating the TLR-4 and the inflammatory JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways, and decreasing cytokine production in ovine fetal blood and liver tissue. 相似文献
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分别采用组织块法和消化法2种接种方法进行银狐垂体细胞系构建研究。在消化法中使用不同浓度的胰蛋白酶来检验效果,同时在原代培养期使用反复差速贴壁法纯化,传代培养期结合使用反复差速贴壁以及两步消化法进行处理。结果表明：组织块法接种后成纤维细胞生长明显,原代培养后期成纤维细胞已为主要细胞;降低胰蛋白酶浓度能降低对细胞损伤,但消化时间会增长;采用消化法接种在抑制成纤维细胞生长方面效果好于组织块法。纯化效果上,结合反复差速贴壁法与两步消化法处理后获得了较好的效果,在原代培养时期能较好去除成纤维细胞并通过持续使用该方法可在传二代后获得较高纯度的细胞,纯度能达到80%以上,能够建立细胞系。 相似文献
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Detection of virus in saliva using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), ClinEase-VirastatR, was compared to evidence of FeLV infection by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA) and plasma ELISA. The sensitivity and specificity of the saliva ELISA were derived by comparison to IFA and plasma ELISA in 103 cats from a large colony in New York State. The sensitivity of the saliva test in relation to IFA and plasma ELISA was approximately 100% and 93%, respectively. The specificity of the saliva ELISA in relation to IFA and plasma ELISA was approximately 85% and 92%, respectively. This test appears to be particularly suitable as a screening test for FeLV infection, especially in populations where the expected prevalence is low. Because of its high sensitivity, the saliva test has a high negative predictive value, particularly in populations where the disease is rare. Since the specificity is moderate, however, the predictive value of a positive test will be poorest in cats originating from places where the infection is rare (e.g. single cat households, or free roaming cats), and better among cats from environments having a high prevalence of FeLV (e.g. multiple-cat households). 相似文献
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为了解四川省成都市区家养犬、猫狂犬病病毒及弓形虫的感染情况,采用商品化狂犬病病毒和弓形虫抗原快速检测试纸卡,对2010年8～10月间来自成都市区的103份家养犬以及75份家猫的唾液和血液样品进行检测;同时采用文献报道的PCR方法对家养犬血液样品中的弓形虫核酸进行检测。结果显示,103份家养犬唾液样品狂犬病病毒抗原均为阴性,而75份家猫唾液样品中,检出阳性样品5份(阳性率6.7%),可疑样品7份;103份家养犬血液样品弓形虫抗原阳性样品33份(32.0%),可疑样品22份,75份家猫血液样品中,检出阳性样品2份(阳性率2.7%),可疑样品3份。弓形虫核酸PCR检测结果显示,96份家养犬血液样品弓形虫核酸阳性样品57份(阳性率59.4%),与弓形虫抗原阳性和可疑样品总和所占比例基本一致(53.4%)。提示应重视源于家猫的狂犬病病毒和家养犬弓形虫对人的威胁。 相似文献
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We recently showed that two immunochromatography point-of-care FIV antibody test kits (Witness FeLV/FIV and Anigen Rapid FIV/FeLV) were able to correctly assign FIV infection status, irrespective of FIV vaccination history, using whole blood as the diagnostic specimen. A third FIV antibody test kit, SNAP FIV/FeLV Combo (an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]), was unable to differentiate antibodies produced in response to FIV vaccination from those incited by FIV infection. The aim of this study was to determine if saliva is a suitable diagnostic specimen using the same well characterized feline cohort. FIV infection status of these cats had been determined previously using a combination of serology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and virus isolation. This final assignment was then compared to results obtained using saliva as the diagnostic specimen utilizing the same three point-of-care FIV antibody test kits and commercially available PCR assay (FIV RealPCR). In a population of cats where one third (117/356; 33%) were FIV-vaccinated, both immunochromatography test kits accurately diagnosed FIV infection using saliva via a centrifugation method, irrespective of FIV vaccination history. For FIV diagnosis using saliva, the specificity of Anigen Rapid FIV/FeLV and Witness FeLV/FIV was 100%, while the sensitivity of these kits was 96% and 92% respectively. SNAP FIV/FeLV Combo had a specificity of 98% and sensitivity of 44%, while FIV RealPCR testing had a specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 72% using saliva. A revised direct method of saliva testing was trialed on a subset of FIV-infected cats (n = 14), resulting in 14, 7 and 0 FIV positive results using Anigen Rapid FIV/FeLV, Witness FeLV/FIV and SNAP FIV/FeLV Combo, respectively. These results demonstrate that saliva can be used to diagnose FIV infection, irrespective of FIV vaccination history, using either a centrifugation method (Anigen Rapid FIV/FeLV and Witness FeLV/FIV) or a direct method (Anigen Rapid FIV/FeLV). Collection of a saliva specimen therefore provides an acceptable alternative to venipuncture (i) in fractious cats where saliva may be easier to obtain than whole blood, (ii) in settings when a veterinarian or trained technician is unavailable to collect blood and (iii) in shelters where FIV testing is undertaken prior to adoption but additional blood testing is not required. 相似文献
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试验旨在比较不同培养方法对驴皮成纤维细胞培养的效果,以便建立其体外高效快速的培养体系。采集6~7岁健康的新疆驴真皮组织,分别用组织块贴壁法和双酶消化法对驴皮成纤维细胞进行原代培养,并检测分析细胞的生长特点、生长速度、细胞周期与支原体污染等指标。结果显示,双酶消化法（0.25%胰酶处理1 h,再用0.5%胶原蛋白酶Ⅰ处理6 h）培养驴皮组织3 d后,成纤维细胞进入了对数增殖期,而组织块贴壁法则需要15 d;细胞周期经流式分析发现,处于G0/G1期与S+G2+M期的细胞均约为50%,其余5.17%细胞处于凋亡期,表明大多细胞处于分裂增殖的活跃期,细胞具有很强的活力;试验中培养的细胞均无支原体污染。综上,应用双酶消化法可快速、高效地建立驴皮成纤维细胞体外培养体系。 相似文献
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This study was aimed to compare different culture methods for donkey skin fibroblasts to establish a highly efficient and rapid culture system. The dermal tissue of the healthy and 6-7 year old Xinjiang donkey was cultured for primary cells of skin fibroblast with tissue explants adherent method and double enzyme digestion method. Then,the growth characteristics,proliferation,cell cycle and mycoplasma contamination were detected and analyzed. The results showed that the fibroblast cells entered the logarithmic growth phase after cultured for 3 days by double enzyme digestion(0.25% trypsin digestion for 1 h and then 0.5% collagenase Ⅰ for 6 h), while it required 15 days with tissue explants adherent method. Flow cytometry analysis showed that nearly half of the cells were in G0/G1 stage,the other half in S+G2+M stage, while just 5.17% of the cells were apoptosis,which indicated that most of the cells were in the active stage of division and proliferation,and had strong vitality. Moreover, there was no mycoplasma contamination in the cultured cells. In summary,the culture system of donkey skin fibroblasts was rapidly and effectively established with the double enzyme digestion method in vitro. 相似文献
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To determine the influence of incubation time, diet, and particle size on Ca and P solubility in vitro, experimental diets were formulated to contain 0.89% Ca and 0.40% available P (positive control; PC) or 0.76% Ca and 0.27% available P (negative control; NC). The PC was supplemented with 0 or 1,000 phytase units (FTU) of microbial phytase/kg and the NC with 0, 1,000, or 5,000 FTU/kg diet of microbial phytase for a total of 5 experimental diets. In Exp. 1, diets were exposed to simulated gastric digestion containing HCl and pepsin for 42 min, or a small intestinal digestion phase containing NaHCO(3) and pancreatin for 60 min. In Exp. 2, diets were ground to pass a 1- or 2-mm screen and exposed to gastric digestion for 5, 10, or 20 min. Phosphorus and Ca solubility were similarly influenced by diet and digestion phase (Exp. 1), and there was no interaction. Phytase supplementation improved (P < 0.001) Ca and P solubility in both the PC and NC diets (Exp. 1) and increased P (P < 0.001) and Ca (P < 0.001) solubility in the gastric phase of the in vitro digestion model (Exp. 2). Phytase continued to release P in the gastric test over time, which resulted in a diet × time interaction (P < 0.05). Calcium solubility reached an asymptote at 5 min and both Ca and P solubility was reduced (P < 0.05) in diets ground to pass a 2 mm screen compared with diets ground to pass a 1-mm screen. In addition, P and Ca solubility did not change over time in diets not supplemented with phytase. In conclusion, phytase or particle size altered the kinetics of Ca and P release in a non-parallel fashion, which may be associated with the precipitation of Ca with phytate and the sequential dephosphorylation of phytate by a microbial 6-phytase. In the presence of phytase, considerable Ca and P hydrolysis occurred within 5 min of a simulated gastric digestion. However, the solubility of Ca and P reached a plateau in the gastric phase of digestion and no further improvements in solubility are apparent in the small intestine. Therefore, absorption of Ca and P may be complicated by conditions within the gastrointestinal tract, particle size, precipitation with anti-nutrients, and differential rates of delivery to the small intestine. 相似文献
20.
应用酶消化法（胶原酶消化：0.1%胶原酶Ⅰ型＋0.1%BSA;胰蛋白酶消化：0.25%胰蛋白酶＋1mM EDTA）和植块法从华南虎皮肤组织中分离成纤维细胞。研究结果表明,植块法较适合分离华南虎皮肤成纤维细胞,胶原酶消化法次之,而胰蛋白酶消化法不宜用于分离华南虎皮肤成纤维细胞。DMEM/F12（1：1）培养基＋10%FCS＋10 ng/ml EGF＋5μg/ml胰岛素＋100 IU/ml青霉素＋100μg/ml链霉素组成的培养体系适用于华南虎皮肤成纤维细胞的体外培养。 相似文献