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为促进蜈蚣藻属(Grateloupia)藻类的开发利用,为其食用和加工提供参考,该研究于2018年1—4月间每月1次对广东汕头南澳和福建东山浮筏上的蜈蚣藻属种类组成、生物量、生长环境及不同种类不同生长时期的口感进行了调查。结果显示,调查点的水温和水流速度分别为19～23℃和0.039～0.985 m·s~(-1),福建东山的流速较汕头南澳的大。采用培养观察形态变化、藻体切片以及rbcL序列分析相结合的方法判断这两处浮筏上的蜈蚣藻属为披针形蜈蚣藻(G. lanceolata)、带形蜈蚣藻(G. turuturu)、台湾蜈蚣藻(G. taiwanensis)、肉质蜈蚣藻(G. carnosa)、舌状蜈蚣藻(G. livida)、海门蜈蚣藻(G. haimensis)、长枝蜈蚣藻(G. prolongata)和稀疏蜈蚣藻(G. sparsa)。披针形蜈蚣藻和带形蜈蚣藻为优势种,两者最高生物量分别达到901.26 g·m~(-1)和352.9 g·m~(-1)。水流速度较大地方生长的披针形蜈蚣藻藻体较长(可达142 cm)。长枝蜈蚣藻和带形蜈蚣藻口感最差;披针形蜈蚣藻、舌状蜈蚣藻的口感最好,这2种仅在4月质地变硬时口感略差。披针形蜈蚣藻生物量多、藻体大且食用口感好,是值得加工为海洋蔬菜的优良种类。 相似文献
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枸杞岛海藻场角蝾螺夏季摄食选择性及其生态学意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
于2013年夏季对枸杞岛海藻场螺类优势种角蝾螺进行了稳定同位素、摄食选择性、消化代谢物粒径等系列实验.稳定同位素结果显示,角蝾螺是牧食性生物,在藻场中的营养级为2.12,属初级消费者,底栖海藻是角蝾螺的主要食源,贡献率为94.5％;摄食选择性实验结果显示,角蝾螺具有较宽的摄食选择,能够摄食海带、铜藻、粗枝软骨藻等1 1种大型藻类,其中铜藻及蜈蚣藻是枸杞岛潮下带的重要优势种;消化代谢物实验结果显示,角蝾螺的啃食作用能为藻场碎屑提供增量,角蝾螺对海藻场碎屑的增量为(0.016 ～0.094)g/d,经过啃食及消化作用产生的碎屑主要粒级为1Φ(＞ 250 μm).稳定同位素分析—摄食选择偏好实验—螺类消化代谢物粒径分析的系列研究表明,角蝾螺在枸杞岛海藻场的群落食物网中,可以起到连接牧食食物链和碎屑食物链的重要作用. 相似文献
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驯化摄食对黑鲍饵料选择性的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了黑鲍(Haliotis discus hannai♀×H·discusdiscus♂)对裂片石莼(Ulva faxciata)、龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)、海带(Laminaria japonica)、细基江蓠繁枝变种(G·tenuistipitata)、舌状蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia livi-da)和人工配合饲料6种饵料的选择性,继而通过实验研究了强制摄食驯化对黑鲍饵料选择性的影响。实验发现,在无饵料强制驯化的状态下,黑鲍对几种实验海藻的选择性依次为海带>石莼>江蓠>龙须菜>蜈蚣藻;在用单一饵料强制驯化7d后,黑鲍对几种实验海藻的选择性依次为海带>江蓠>石莼>龙须菜>蜈蚣藻。而黑鲍对人工配合饲料的摄食存在随机性,没有一定的规律。研究表明,海带是黑鲍最喜食的饵料,前期摄食驯化对其饵料选择性没有显著的影响。 相似文献
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通过混养生态系统模拟试验研究了紫贻贝(Grateloupia lanceolata)和披针形蜈蚣藻(Mytilus edulis)不同养殖密度组合下的生态混养状况。选取壳长(45.14±3.85)mm的紫贻贝和长度(62.48±7.38)mm的披针形蜈蚣藻,采用5种湿重配比进行混养实验,分别为G1(1∶0)、G2(1∶0.25)、G3(1∶0.5)、G4(1∶1)和G5(1∶2)。每种组合中紫贻贝密度均为0.63 ind·L~(-1),而披针形蜈蚣藻密度分别为0 g·L~(-1)、1.25 g·L~(-1)、2.5 g·L~(-1)、5 g·L~(-1)、10 g·L~(-1)。36 d后,G3组中紫贻贝特定生长率为(0.21±0.03)%·d-1,极显著高于其它混养组[(0.11±0.028)~(0.21±0.03)%·d-1,P0.01],而单养组的紫贻贝特定生长率仅为(0.063±0.022)%·d-1;G3组中披针形蜈蚣藻特定生长率为(0.96±0.20)%·d-1,极显著高于其它混养组[(0.62±0.16)~(0.96±0.20)%·d-1,P0.01]。G3组生态系统对营养盐(NO_3~--N、NO_2~--N、NH_4~+-N、PO3-4-P)的去除率分别达到(91.38±1.40)%、(96.79±1.97)%、(98.38±2.06)%、(96.86±3.16)%,显著高于G2组(P0.05),而与G4和G5组没有显著性差异(P0.05)。本研究结果表明,当紫贻贝与披针形蜈蚣藻湿重比为1∶0.5时,可以取得较好的生态效应。 相似文献
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枸杞岛马尾藻场铜藻的生命史与形态特征 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
为了研究枸杞岛马尾藻场铜藻在整个生命周期内的生命史征及形态特征,首次对枸杞岛马尾藻场铜藻的周年生长与繁殖情况进行跟踪调查,并对株高、叶片、气囊和生殖托等16个相关的生物学参数的变化进行研究。实验结果表明,根据铜藻生命史内生物学结构的发生情况,可将铜藻在全年中的生长情况分为以下4个阶段:(1)幼苗期,在7—8月的幼苗期藻体仅由枝干、侧枝及叶片构成,期间植株以1.52 mm/d的速率生长;(2)成藻期,8月至翌年4月的成藻期植株分别在9、11及翌年4月出现气囊、次侧枝以及生殖托,铜藻的生物学结构得到完善,期间植株以2.01 mm/d的速率生长;(3)繁殖期,4月生殖托的出现标志着铜藻进入繁殖期,而5月卵子的集中散放标志着铜藻进入繁殖期的“顶点”,期间植株以3.80 mm/d的速率生长;(4)衰老和凋亡期,在5—6月的衰老及凋亡期植株不断老化并伴随着生物结构的解体,由于少数未成熟个体的补充而使得植株达到0.99 mm/d的生长速率。在所检测的16个生物学参数中,铜藻的株高、个体生物量和主侧枝长度等10个参数呈现明显的季节变动(P <0.005),马尾藻属中的这类暖温性物种展现出其介于热带物种和冷温性物种之间的物候学行为。个体内和个体间连续特征的稳定性分析表明,在10种铜藻形态学参数中主侧枝长度的稳定性最低(Ed=95),是最适宜用于种类鉴定工作的参数,这为马尾藻属种类的形态学研究及种类鉴定等工作中参数的选择提供依据。 相似文献
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2011年8～10月对山东半岛大叶藻进行了调查研究,并对山东半岛大叶藻进行了分类鉴定.结果显示,山东半岛主要存在3种大叶藻科(Zosteraceae)种类,分别是大叶藻属Zostera的大叶藻Zostera marina L.、矮大叶藻Zostera japonica Ascherson & Graebner以及虾形藻属Phyllospadix的红须虾形藻Phyllospadix iwatensis Makino.其中,大叶藻分布广泛,莱州湾、俚岛、小石岛、楮岛、汇泉湾等地均发现有大叶藻存在,莱州湾地区大叶藻呈斑状分布,汇泉湾呈零星分布,俚岛、小石岛、楮岛地区呈片状分布;矮大叶藻分布较少,莱州湾地区呈斑状分布,广饶地区零星分布;红须虾形藻仅发现于青岛石老人海水浴场,呈斑状分布.调查还发现,山东半岛近海沿岸大叶藻海草场都存在不同程度的退化和破坏,除俚岛、小石岛、楮岛的大叶藻呈片状分布以外,其他地区的大叶藻均呈斑状分布或者零星分布.日照东港地区的海草场更是破坏严重,且本次调查范围内未发现大叶藻存在. 相似文献
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藻类是养殖池塘生态系统中最重要的初级生产者,群落的种类组成与生物多样性直接反映池塘生态健康水平,影响养殖产量与品质。2019年开展河南省全省范围内养殖池塘藻类调查过程中,在河南省郑州市中牟县官渡镇西关村图登农场的养殖池塘中,采集并鉴定了硅藻的中国新记录种-德国舟形藻(Navicula germanopolonica Witkowski&Lange-Bertalot)。藻类样品经离心、酸化、灼烧和洗涤得到硅藻外壳标本,在光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下分析其形态和结构特征,参照Lange-Bertalot等建立的分类系统,并与国内外水域发现的相似属种比较后,将其鉴定为中国新纪录种-德国舟形藻。该物种主要鉴定特征是壳面为椭圆披针形,中央区明显,近壳缝端略膨大呈珠状,远壳缝端呈钩状,中部线纹呈辐射状且末端略汇聚。本文还分析了该物种的生境特征。该种的发现丰富了我国硅藻种类多样性,为该属种类的世界地理分布提供新资料。 相似文献
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根据2002年5月对同安湾6个采样点所采集样品的分析，共鉴定网采浮游植物2门35属74种，其中硅藻门67种，甲藻门7种。优势种为奇异棍形藻(Bacillaris paradoxa)，其次为海生斑条藻(Grammatophora marina)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)，浮游植物种类以广温广盐种为主。调查期间共发现赤潮生物27种，主要种类有奇异棍形藻和中肋骨条藻等。同安湾赤潮的发生与海水中无机氮和活性磷酸盐含量高密切相关。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
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Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
20.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献