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1.
温室集雨与集雨水高效利用研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在半干旱偏旱区设置了清除土表杂草、红沙覆盖、废膜覆盖和日光温室棚面4种不同的集流面处理,结合日光温室秋冬茬黄瓜、番茄不同灌水量试验,通过水的转化效率探讨不同集流面的使用价值和提高水转化效益的适宜灌水量.结果表明:温室棚面的年产流率最高为85.4%,其次为废膜集流面45.4%,清除土表杂草集流面的年产流率仅有8.2%.从单方水集流费用看,清除土表杂草>红沙集流面>废膜集流面>日光温室棚面,平均集流费用为2.18元/m3,单座温室棚面(450 m2)集流面加上温室间隔区废膜集雨(600 m2),集雨水总量可达到197 m3,能够满足温室一茬黄瓜和一茬番茄的需水量. 相似文献
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Peter A. Duffield 《Pest management science》1977,8(3):279-283
The new pyrethroid, permethrin, previously shown to have high activity against textile pests, was successfully applied to wool from a conventional dye bath. The stability of permethrin to boiling aqueous conditions and to some textile testing regimes was shown to be satisfactory, although some loss on prolonged boiling did occur. Industrial trials made on both wool and wool/nylon blends are described. 相似文献
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Field and pot investigations were conducted to determine the effectiveness of pyroxasulfone alone and its combinations with other herbicides against diverse weed flora of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) including multiple herbicide-resistant (MHR) littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor Retz.). Applications of pyroxasulfone 100–127.5 g/ha as pre-emergence (PE) or early post-emergence (EPOE) @ 63.75 g/ha at 21–23 days after sowing (1 day before irrigation) were highly effective for control of grass weeds namely P. minor and wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Dur.). It was poor for control of broad-leaved weeds (Medicago denticulata Willd. and Rumex dentatus L.). However, pyroxasulfone in tank-mix combination with metsulfuron 4 g/ha, triasulfuron 20 g/ha, and pyroxsulam 18 g/ha effectively controlled (96.5%–99.8%) the diverse weed flora and improved the wheat grain yield (69.5%–285.9%) over untreated weedy control. Also, the pre-mix of pyroxasulfone + pendimethalin applied as PE was superior to either of these applied alone for weed control and grain yield. Pyroxasulfone 100–127.5 g/ha had yield gain of 119.6%–125.4% and 10.1%–26% over untreated control and pendimethalin 800–1250 g/ha, respectively. In pot studies, straw burnt ash drastically reduced the pyroxasulfone efficacy against P. minor and A. ludoviciana. Pyroxasulfone was also effective in pot studies for control of MHR P. minor having resistance against acetyl-coA carboxylase (ACCase), acetolactate synthase (ALS), and photosynthesis at the photosystem-II site-A (PS-II) inhibitor herbicides (clodinafop, sulfosulfuron, and isoproturon, respectively). The studies indicate that pyroxasulfone as PE or EPOE can be an alternative grass weed control herbicide in wheat in particular for the control of MHR P. minor. 相似文献
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Abstract Seven new granular herbicides were evaluated in Taiwan for the control of weeds in broadcast flooded rice. In general, herbicides applied early (6 days after seeding) gave better weed control but caused more crop damage than when applied late (12 days after seeding). Benthiocarb applied at 6 days after seeding, when most weeds were at the one to two leaf stage, was highly selective in controlling broad-leaved weeds and sedges with no sustained injury to rice. Butachlor failed to control broad-leaved weeds at the two to three leaf stage. The initial toxicities of C-288 (dimethatryn plus piperophos, 1:4) piperophos (C-19490), and CRD 71.6388 were too severe to warrant their use in direct-seeded flooded rice in Taiwan. Among the herbicides tested, thiochlormethyl and molinate and thiochlormethyl when applied late, were the most selective. When applied 12 days after seeding or at the three to four leaf stage of weeds, both treatments provided excellent control of weeds without causing any crop injury. 相似文献
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H. J. Miller 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1984,90(1):23-28
The occurrence of low numbers of fluorescing coryneform bacteria located by immunofluorescence microscopy (IF) in heel-end extracts of healthy potatoes was demonstrated to be a normal phenomenon. The number of bacteria found was highly dependent on the antiserum dilution. Bacteria isolated from other healthy potato material also cross-reacted, mostly at low antiserum dilutions compared with homologous isolates or bacteria of the same species, which reacted at a dilution of 11280. Only relatively small differences were found between the antisera tested. Failure to recognize the occurrence of cross-reacting unknown soil bacteria, indicated by the data presented in this paper, can only increase the dangers of incorrect interpretation of IF results.Samenvatting Het optreden van lage aantallen fluorescerende, coryneforme bacteriën gevonden met behulp van immuno fluorescentiemicroscopie in extracten van naveleinden van genzonde aardappelen, bleek een normaal verschijnsel te zijn. Het aantal gevonden bacteriën was sterk afhankelijk van de verdunning van het antiserum. Bacteriën die geïsoleerd werden van ander gezond aardappelmateriaal vertoonden ook kruisreacties, meestal bij lage verdunningen van het antiserum in vergelijking met homologe isolaten of bacteriën van dezelfde soort, die beide nog reageerden bij een verdunning van 11280. Tussen de getoetste antisera bleken slechts geringe onderlinge verschillen te bestaan. De gegevens in dit artikel onderstrepen het gevaar van een onjuiste interpretatie van IF-resultaten, wanneer het voorkomen van kruisreagerende, onbekende bodembacteriën over het hoofd wordt gezien. 相似文献
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针对我国北方作物机械化收获模式下,机收后滞留在田间大量秸秆留茬处理问题,结合秸秆整株翻埋技术与秸秆快速腐熟还田技术,设计了秸秆留茬翻埋快速腐熟联合作业机。该机由腐熟剂喷施系统及秸秆留茬翻埋系统两部分组成。通过田间试验表明,秸秆留茬翻埋快速腐熟技术可使翻埋的秸秆留茬快速腐解,7个月后秸秆留茬腐熟率为79.8%,较单一秸秆留茬翻埋作业方式腐熟率提高了18.5%;增加了田间土壤微生物数量,提高了土壤有机质含量;相应配套机具在田间作业时,速度应大于1.46 m/s,悬挂深耕犁耕深应控制在22~29 cm之间。 相似文献
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Glasshouse Fumigation with Formaldehyde 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
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Crop cultivars with allelopathic capability 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Allelopathy has potential in integrated weed management. Crop plants have the capability to produce and exude allelochemicals into their surroundings to suppress the growth of weeds in their vicinity. Selection for superior genotypes with allelopathic potential has been carried out in several field crops, and evidence has accumulated that crop cultivars differ significantly in their ability to inhibit the growth of certain weed species. To date, progress has been made in understanding the genetics of crop allelopathic activity, and successful genetic manipulation of this trait has also been demonstrated. However, much more research needs to be carried out in order to have a thorough understanding of the genetic control of allelopathic activity. Several genes might be involved in regulating the production and exudation of allelochemicals. Concerted efforts using advances in plant biotechnology will help to unveil the genetics of this trait. Once the allelopathic genes have been located, a breeding programme could be initiated to transfer the genes into modern cultivars to enhance their allelopathic activity for weed suppression, thereby reducing over-reliance on herbicides. 相似文献
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R. J. Hillocks 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(3):234-246
Abstract Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Atk.) Sny. & Hans. is an important disease of cotton in several developing countries where the use of resistant varieties continues to be the most practical method of control. The inheritance of resistance to wilt is complex, involving several major and minor genes. In order to identify resistant genotypes in segregating populations large numbers of plants must be screened using inoculation methods which minimise disease escape. Wilt incidence is increased when plants are attacked by the rootknot nematode (Meloidogyne acrita Chitwood, 1949) Esser et al. 1976. In areas where both organisms occur together, the wilt resistance‐potential of a variety cannot be realised unless it also has resistance to root‐knot. Problems of breeding for wilt resistance are discussed with reference to Tanzania, and methods are described for their application to a wilt‐resistance programme. 相似文献
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白僵菌无纺布结合引诱剂防治鞘翅目林业害虫研究初报 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
自1991年日本日东电工发明了昆虫病原真菌的无纺布载体培养技术,从而提高了野外应用时真菌孢子的存活时间和活力水平。无纺布技术在我国及日本被用于松墨天牛(Ｍｏｎｏｃｈａｍｕｓａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｕｓ)、黄斑星天牛(Ｐｓａｃｏｔｈｅａｈｉｌａｒｉｓ)及光肩星天牛(Ａｎｏｐｌｏｐｈｏｒａｇｌａｂｒｉｐｅｎｎｉｓ)等的防治上[1～3]。将无纺布菌条直接固定在树干或树枝上,虽然防治效果显著,但这种应用方式需大量的无纺布菌条,经济花费较高。本试验利用鞘翅目昆虫引诱剂对鞘翅目昆虫成虫的引诱作用,结合无纺布菌条防治技术在云南省昆明市… 相似文献
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J. E. Rahe J. Kuć Chien-Mei Chuang E. B. Williams 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1969,75(1-2):58-71
Acetone powders were prepared at intervals after inoculation ofPhaseolus vulgaris, variety Topcrop, with fungi inciting hypersensitive (Helminthosporium carbonum), resistant (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, gamma race), and susceptible (C. lindemuthianum, beta race) host responses. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity was determined in extracts of the acetone powders, and quantitative and qualitative measurements were made of phenolic compounds in the acetone filtrates obtained during powder preparation. The developmental morphology of the fungi on host tissue was observed histologically. The data obtained indicate that host-fungus physiology is accompanied by readily detectable and specific alterations of phenolic metabolism during various stages of infection and host response. Phaseollin production in hypocotyls inoculated withC. lindemuthianum accompanied the appearance of symptoms in resistant and susceptible reactions; it was produced earlier and in greater amount in resistant reactions.Samenvatting Acetonpoeders werden bereid op verschillende tijdstippen na inoculatie vanPhaseolus vulgaris, cv. Topcrop, met schimmels, die een overgevoelige, resistente of vatbare reactie in de gastheer induceren. De activiteit van fenylalanine-ammonia-lyase werd bepaald in extracten van de acetonpoeders, en de fenolen werden kwantitatief en kwalitatief bepaald in de acetonfiltraten, die verkregen werden gedurende de bereiding van het poeder. De morfologische ontwikkeling van de schimmels op het weefsel van de waardplant werd histologisch bestudeerd. De verkregen gegevens wijzen erop dat de fysiologische processen, die in de combinatie van waardplant en schimmel optreden, gedurende verschillende stadia van infectie en reactie van de waardplant, gepaard gaan met duidelijk aantoonbare en specifieke veranderingen in de fenol stofwisseling. Zowel bij resistente als vatbare reacties ging het verschijnen der symptomen gepaard met de vorming van phaseolline in hypocotylen geïnoculeerd metColletotrichum lindemuthianum; bij de resistente reacties werd het eerder en in grotere hoeveelheden gevormd.Journal Paper No. 3470 of the Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station. 相似文献
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Soil-borne Pests and Pathogens Associated with Imported Plants, with Special Reference to Nematodes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The assessment of phytosanitary risks from imported soil entails recovery or assay of soil-borne organisms, determination of pathogenicity and consideration of potential distribution as affected by environmental factors. Results are presented of examinations of soil from imported plants for nematodes and other pests. Nematodes were much more abundant than other pest groups. Plant-parasitic nematodes were more common in natural soils than in potting composts, and non-indigenous species were apparently more frequent from non-European than European sources. The chief nematode hazards for northern European countries may be from new «pathotypes>> of Heterodera species and ectoparasitic dorylaimid genera that include virus vectors. Nematodes and other organisms from tropical areas can become glasshouse pests in cooler climates. 相似文献
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Soil enrichment studies were conducted with nitralin [4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline] with and without exogenous carbon and nitrogen. Bacterial isolates obtained were placed into three categories. Eight fungal isolates, notably Fusarium and Penicillium sp., were obtained from the enriched soil culture. Only one bacterial isolate (Erwinia trachelphila) and no fungal isolates appeared to degrade nitralin. The degradation product isolated was tentatively identified by TLC and radioautography as 4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitrophenol. No 14CO2 evolution from ring-labelled nitralin was detected from any isolates tested. 相似文献
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A. Fourcaud 《EPPO Bulletin》1971,1(2):112-113
In the application of fungicides by oily fog 10 to 15 lit./ha. of liquid are used. The fog contains the active ingredients in the normal dosage per ha., but an oily liquid is used as a carrier, to which inert minerals have been added. The distribution of the fog, by pneumatic or rotary equipment, is partly indirect since the wind and natural turbulence are made use of. There are various economic advantages and a lesser risk of the fungicides being washed off by rains. 相似文献
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M. J. Daniels 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(2):147-155
General studies of the bacterial pathogenXanthomonas campestris have revealed many classes of gene which are essential for pathogenicity to cruciferous plants. ‘Pathogenicity genes’ include structural genes encoding extracellular plant-degrading enzymes, genes required for the export (or secretion) of the enzymes from the bacterial cell, several independent sets of regulatory genes, a cluster ofhrp genes, and several genes of unknown function. Plants respond to infection by synthesizing characteristic pathogenesis-related proteins. The spectrum of proteins produced depends on the genotype of the challenging bacterium.Arabidopsis is susceptible to infection byXanthomonas, which should make it feasible to analyze plant resistance and response by molucular genetic techniques. 相似文献
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Bait methods with microencapsulated active ingredients are proposed for controlling local populations of subterranean termites. The foraging workers will take up the microcapsules, transport them to the nest and pass them to their nestmates. In laboratory tests microencapsulated formulations of permethrin had lethal effects on Heterotermes indicola Wasman and Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) depending on the amount of active ingredient applied. The time interval between the application of the capsules and the occurrence of insecticidal effects could be modified by changing the wall thickness of the capsules. Tests revealed that the microcapsules were transmitted from donors to recipients by trophallaxis. Microencapsulated formulations from which the solvent used during the manufacturing process had been removed did not reveal any repellent effects in several tests. 相似文献
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H. UHRIG 《EPPO Bulletin》1985,15(2):185-191
Tissue culture methods, particularly anther culture and protoplast fusion, can be useful tools to overcome some problems in the conventional combination breeding of potatoes. The use of dihaploids facilitates the analysis of segregation patterns of interesting characters, androgenetic derived plants may supply homozygosity and somatic hybridization may result in a predictable combination of selected genotypes. This article reviews current knowledge and results on the incorporation of these techniques into the breeding programme of the Max-Planck-Institute for Breeding Research in Köln (FRG), with special reference to resistance including that to Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis. 相似文献