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针对打结器结构改进或参数调整后在设计阶段难以评判优劣而增加制造投入成本的问题,以打结器能否打出绳结为评判准则,提出了一种基于刚柔接触动力学的打结器虚拟打结方法。该方法利用ADAMS的Bushing连接建立大变形柔性捆绳的动力学模型,通过对捆绳和刚性构件之间设置多接触约束和载荷施加,实现了完整的打结器虚拟打结仿真过程,研究了捆绳在拉力作用下成结的刚柔交互力学行为。通过对打结器样机的成结动作与虚拟打结的仿真结果进行对比分析,验证了捆绳动力学模型与刚柔接触动力学仿真模型的正确性,可作为评价设计优劣、保证打结器一次性制造成功的有效方法。利用该虚拟打结方法分析了打结嘴与夹绳盘动作时序差φ对打结器成结的影响,对判定打结器参数匹配后能否成结或成结优劣起到了直观验证作用。 相似文献
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打结器夹绳-绕扣-钳咬动作参数分析与打结试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对打结器夹绳-绕扣-钳咬动作的运动学建模,解析描述了捆绳夹持、绕扣成环和准确钳咬的动作时序关系和位置关系,分析了打结嘴和夹绳盘动作时序差φ和打结嘴轴线与主轴轴线夹角α取不同值时对夹绳、绕扣和钳咬动作的影响,并对夹绳运动的放绳作用进行分析,建立了捆绳钳咬前牢固夹持的受力条件和捆绳钳咬后允许捆绳沿夹绳盘轴向滑移而不被拉断的受力条件。结果表明当α与φ分别为90°与24°时,捆绳可以被稳定夹持、成功绕扣和准确钳咬,物理样机的动作试验验证了理论建模的正确性。不捆扎物料的打结器成结率为100%,捆扎小麦秸秆的成结率达到99.25%,表明打结器动作参数匹配合理。 相似文献
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D型打结器夹绳盘-打结嘴空间角度参数分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
D型打结器夹绳盘回转轴孔中心线与打结嘴回转轴孔中心线的空间角度参数是机架结构设计的基本设计参数,本文通过建立空间坐标系,对夹绳盘与打结嘴回转轴孔中心线之间的空间角度关系进行了表达。借助微分几何理论,建立了夹绳盘与打结嘴运动关系的数值解析条件,分析了k0轴与k1轴在i1o1k1平面的夹角α2、圆心o1与圆心o2在i1轴方向距离d5对送绳-搭绳动作的影响,得出当α2=8°、d5=54 mm时可实现可靠的送绳-搭绳动作;分析了j2轴与j1轴在j1o1k1平面的夹角α1、k0轴与k1轴在j1o1k1平面的夹角α3对绕扣-钳咬动作的影响,通过代入不同的α1、α3参数组合进行解析,得出当α1=10°、α3=25°时打结器可以实现可靠的绕扣-钳咬动作。基于解析的角度参数对打结器机架进行了试制,对装有试制机架的打结器与德国进口打结器(RS3770)同时开展空载打结试验,试验次数200次,试验结果显示捆绳在两个打结器上成结动作基本一致,两种打结器的成结率均为100%。可知本文解析的D型打结器夹绳盘和打结嘴的空间角度参数匹配合理。 相似文献
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针对打结嘴绕扣过程出现的缠绳故障问题,应用虚拟打结方法,分析夹绳盘搭绳点位置与打结嘴凸台倾角对绕扣与钳咬动作的影响,得出夹绳盘搭绳点偏差是打结嘴发生缠绳故障的主要因素,减小打结嘴凸台倾角有利于避免打结嘴缠绳故障。通过受力分析建立捆绳不沿打结嘴凸台曲面向上滑动的临界条件,获得改进的打结嘴凸台倾角。基于边界相似与B样条曲面造型方法重构打结嘴凸台曲面,获得改进的打结嘴模型。600次打结试验表明,凸台倾角50°的打结嘴模型具有更好限制捆绳沿打结嘴凸台曲面上滑的效果,能有效防止打结嘴缠绳故障发生,提高打结器的打结可靠性,可为打结嘴的改进设计提供参考。60°凸台倾角的打结嘴绕扣,夹绳盘搭绳点偏差应控制在±3°之内,而50°凸台倾角的打结嘴允许夹绳盘搭绳点偏差范围在[-4.5°,3°],可为夹绳盘搭绳点位置控制提供参考。 相似文献
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基于逆向工程的D型打结器重构与运动仿真 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
打结器是方草压捆机的关键核心部件之一,直接影响打捆机的成结效率和捆形质量。以D型打结器为研究对象,基于逆向工程技术对其进行三维重构,进而对重构零件的关键工作曲面进行了偏差分析,发现所有关键工作面90%以上的区域达到了精确等级以上。基于Solidworks软件实现了重构部件装配,并进行了运动仿真研究,获取了卡线轮、打结嘴、脱绳杆角速度和驱动齿盘角位移数据,分析了卡线轮、打结嘴、脱绳杆与捆绳打结运动关系,为优化D型打结器提供了基础数据。 相似文献
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卡扣式方草捆打结器的设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用食品包装打卡机标准的U形铝质卡扣,设计了一种由气压缸提供动力的卡扣式方草捆打结器。打结器的2个抓绳机构并列安装在出草口的上方,通过气压活塞上、下运动,可完成抓绳、放绳、挤压卡扣和辅助割绳等动作。扎结机构对应抓绳机构安装在出草口下方,在挤压卡扣过程中用于支撑卡扣并将捆绳锁紧。割绳刀固定在扎结机构上,捆绳锁紧以后在卡扣和夹绳机构之间将捆绳割断。卡扣输送机构将成排的U形卡扣输送到扎结机构的卡扣箱中。捆绳采用包装用的细麻绳,由捆绳匣进入扎结机构上的夹绳板。在分析卡扣受压变形以及对捆绳锁紧情况的基础上,确定了气压缸的选型,经打捆机样机试验,成结率在96％以上。 相似文献
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在已有方捆机上搭建了一套可实时同步获取打结器运动图像和捆绳张力信息的试验系统。开发了用于同步触发高速摄影与张力传感器的同步模块,通过在1 000 Hz频率参数环境下进行试验,分析高速摄影捕捉到的目标图片数与张力传感器捕捉到的目标数据点数,发现二者数目相同,且不同组打结过程打结器运动特征点与捆绳张力部分峰值点对应齿盘度数的变异系数均小于3%。基于所得运动图像信息与张力信息得出了打结器各机构的运动时序范围,确定了揽绳器、钩钳、脱绳杆等机构的详细运动时序。 相似文献
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针对打结器脱扣失效和刚性碰撞的问题,分析割绳脱扣机构与绕绳机构的相互作用机理,仿真刀臂的受力-形变,得到刀臂沿打结嘴轴方向的刚度为801.05 N/mm,脱扣凹槽与打结嘴的过盈量合理设计范围应为[0.38 mm,0.59 mm];同时得到最大正压力下割刀在刀臂变形后与Oxy、Oxz和Oyz平面夹角变化分别为0.659°、0.475 9°和0.455 5°,这为割刀安装补偿量提供数据支持;依据刚-柔碰撞原理,设计一种弹性化打结嘴轴系,仿真得到该轴系使脱扣凹槽-打结嘴首次接触力在脱扣和回程阶段分别比原轴系减小46.3%和83.9%,因此该方案可减轻碰撞,同时具备提升脱扣率的优点,最后成功试制样品,实际打捆试验证明了该方案的可行性。 相似文献
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提出了一种利用两组打结嘴同时绞扭出两个α结的方法,并采用一套具有对称的不完整齿面和凸轮槽的驱动齿盘,实现两打结嘴的等速、相向、间歇转动与拢推切装置规律摆动。依据压捆作业要求,确定了用凸轮-摆臂运动转换形式顺序实现拢绳、切断、推扣和回位的传动方案;利用反转法建立驱动凸轮的轮廓曲线方程,用Matlab编程得到凸轮轮廓曲线并分析动力传递特性。在打结试验台上对压捆过程进行了模拟,结果表明利用驱动齿盘严格同步和对应的动力传递,可满足同时成双α结过程对结构、位置和运动匹配的要求。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献