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针对农用拖拉机犁耕作业工况,基于现有的电液闭环控制系统,提出了以滑转率为目标的拖拉机犁耕变论域模糊PID自动控制方法。结合拖拉机作业环境,阐明了驱动防滑控制系统的工作原理,并探究了滑转率的产生机理,进而设计出论域自动缩放的变论域模糊PID控制器。同时,开展了典型试验地块的田间犁耕试验,结果表明:提出的驱动防滑控制方法合理可行;应用的控制算法降低了系统波动幅度,优势更加明显,能够较好适应复杂多变的耕作环境。本研究对系统的精细控制与滑转率的精确识别均有一定的参考价值,且为未来精耕细作的田间管理模式奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
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针对丘陵山地中拖拉机的侧滑估计,提出了一种融合机器视觉与全球卫星导航定位系统（Global navigation satellite system,GNSS）的多传感器信息融合算法。首先提出了简化的拖拉机运动学模型,再阐述基于GNSS与机器视觉技术的侧滑量估计方法。并通过CarSim和Simulink的联合仿真验证侧滑估计方法的可行性。引入卡尔曼滤波和权重函数对传感器数据进行融合和动态调节。搭建模拟丘陵山地实验平台,在不同的地面倾角、GNSS遮挡条件以及路面条件下进行了实验。实验结果表明,在干燥路面且GNSS遮挡条件下,拖拉机在9°、18°路面条件下行驶时最终融合后的总侧滑量分别为0.322m和0.432m,相对误差分别为7.86%和6.00%,即在GNSS信号遮挡的情况下依然能够准确地估计出拖拉机的侧滑量。研究可为拖拉机的精确横向控制提供新的方法和实验基础。 相似文献
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带悬挂系统的拖拉机在工作时,要充分考虑拖拉机牵引力能否满足液压悬挂加载装置、牵引装置等作用下产生的耕作阻力要求.本文建立了驱动牵引力数学模型,参考耕作阻力模型,主要考察了驱动轮滑转率、耕作速度、耕作深度等主要因素的影响,利用约束优化问题粒子群优化算法,得出了满足特定使用条件的驱动牵引力,同时确定了耕深、速度、滑转率等参数的对应值,为带悬挂系统拖拉机的动力匹配提供了重要的方法依据. 相似文献
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对双轮驱动电动汽车的加速过程进行力学分析建立了四分之一车辆动力学模型,以车轮滑转率为控制时象,提出一种基于滑模变结构控制的驱动防滑控制系统.设计了双轮驱动电动汽车驱动防滑系统的滑模变结构控制器,采用饱和函数可以很好地削弱系统响应的抖振现象.通过Matlab/Simulink软件对所设计系统进行仿真,仿真结构表明滑模变结构控制器能够很好地跟踪路面最佳滑转率的变化,驱动力矩的变化平稳. 相似文献
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<正> 一、前言为精确测定拖拉机驱动轮或履带滑转率,国内外农机测试工作者曾提出滑转率的各种测定方法。由滑转率定义可得,滑转率的测定实际上可转换为拖拉机行驶速度的测量。但这些方法都是用与路面接触的车轮作传感器源,在测量前均需标定,且假定空载和负荷时动力半径均不变,所以有相当的测量误差。且不可避免地受到与地面条件等因素变化的影响,特别对水田土壤等田 相似文献
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自走式喷雾机由于其作业路面复杂多样易产生滑转,需防滑控制保持机具稳定驱动,本文提出一种模糊防滑控制策略,设计了控制器,并在Matlab/Simulink中对控制系统进行了仿真分析,仿真结果表明：该模糊防滑控制系统可以有效将滑转率控制在0.05左右。最后通过田间试验验证了驱动防滑控制系统的性能,试验表明,所设计的全时四驱液压驱动喷雾机模糊防滑控制机具在低速行进时,未开启防滑控制时相对滑转率均值为0.078,开启后相对滑转率均值为0.028;在中速行进时,未开启防滑控制时相对滑转率均值为0.109,开启后滑转率均值为0.031;在高速行进时,未开启防滑控制时相对滑转率均值为0.110,开启后相对滑转率均值为0.035,表明了该控制系统防滑控制效果良好。 相似文献
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为保证带悬挂系统的拖拉机在滑转率、耕作速度和耕作深度等主要因素改变的条件下获得最佳动力,建立了驱动牵引力数学模型,并参考耕作阻力模型,考察了驱动轮滑转率、耕作速度和耕作深度等主要因素的影响,利用约束优化问题粒子群优化算法,确定目标与约束条件,得出满足特定使用条件的驱动牵引力在9kN左右,对应的变量参数洌,nf,H,B的值分别为0.541,25.4,0.732,0.182,6.40.优化结果表明,变量参数值和目标值与拖拉机实际使用工况相符,解决了带悬挂系统拖拉机动力匹配问题,提出了有效的动力匹配优化方法. 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献