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1.
两株副溶血弧菌噬菌体的分离鉴定及裂解性能 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究副溶血弧菌的生物防治方法,自水产品市场污水排放处及青岛岸边海水中分离出两株副溶血弧菌噬菌体VPp2、VPp3.借助噬菌斑形态、电镜、酶切等技术对其进行了分类鉴定,测定了其裂解谱、最佳感染复数、一步生长曲线并研究其裂解性能.分类鉴定结果表明,VPp2、VPp3分别属于2株不同的噬菌体.其核酸均是线型双链DNA,均具有正二十面体的头部及较长的尾部,且均属肌尾科噬菌体.VPp2头部直径约64 nm,尾长约114 nm.VPp3头部直径约89 nm,尾长约106 nm.裂解性能研究结果表明,VPp2、VPp3在双层平板上均能形成清晰透亮的噬菌斑.其裂解谱相同.最佳感染复数均较小,潜伏期均较短,VPp2的裂解量只有11.1,而VPp3的裂解量可达45.3,是符合条件的潜伏期短裂解量大的噬菌体,可进一步应用于噬菌体治疗及检测等. 相似文献
2.
为分离获得AHPND致病型副溶血性弧菌烈性噬菌体,并鉴定及研究其生物学特性,本研究以AHPND致病型副溶血性弧菌为宿主菌,采用双层平板法分别从中国福建及墨西哥海水样本中对其噬菌体进行分离;通过噬菌斑形态、限制性内切酶、全基因组测序构建系统发育树及透射电镜观察对所获噬菌体进行分类鉴定;同时对供试噬菌体裂解谱及其生物学特性进行测定,包括最佳感染复数(MOI)、pH稳定性、热稳定性、过氧乙酸稳定性及不同储存温度下的存活稳定性等。结果显示,本研究分离获得3株AHPND致病型副溶血性弧菌烈性噬菌体P46、P48及VP7,3株噬菌体的噬菌斑均呈透亮圆形,P46噬菌斑直径4～5 mm,P48与VP7噬菌斑直径5～6 mm。3株噬菌体核酸均为双链DNA,电镜下观察其头部均呈二十面立体结构,直径约60 nm,尾部宽约8 nm,长约18～20 nm,属于短尾噬菌体科。3株供试噬菌体对AHPND型副溶血性弧菌裂解率达91.5%,对非AHPND型副溶血性弧菌裂解率为92.3%,且无法识别除副溶血性弧菌外其他种属的细菌;噬菌体P46、P48及VP7感染AHPND致病型副溶血性弧菌的最佳MOI分别为0.001、0.1及0.001;P46与VP7最适pH为6～8,P48最适pH为6～9;3株噬菌体对60°C的温度耐受力较强,在4°C条件下存放50周后仍具有较高的存活率;对通用杀菌浓度的过氧乙酸具有一定耐受性。将噬菌体P46、P48及VP7保守蛋白序列在NCBI数据库中比对后发现,3株供试噬菌体与其他噬菌体同源性较低,因此,噬菌体P48与P46及VP7很可能为3株新发现的短尾科噬菌体,这是中国首次报道AHPND致病型副溶血性弧菌短尾科噬菌体。本研究丰富了AHPND致病型副溶血性弧菌噬菌体的菌种资源,并为其应用于噬菌体生物防治制剂的开发奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
3.
急性肝胰腺坏死病(Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease,AHPND)是由副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)引起的对虾病害,本研究从患AHPND的凡纳滨对虾样品中分离得到5株副溶血弧菌,采用致AHPND的副溶血弧菌(VPAHPND)的相关质粒的引物AP2进行PCR检测,表明这5株菌中均存在AHPND相关质粒.利用丝裂霉素C进行溶源性噬菌体筛选和噬菌体诱导发现,其中2株副溶血弧菌(20130629002S01和20130726001S01)可能存在溶源性噬菌体感染;从经0.5 μg/ml丝裂霉素C诱导的20130629002S01和20130726001S01中分别分离得到两种噬菌体phage1和phage2.透射电镜观测显示,phage1为有尾噬菌体,phage2为球形噬菌体.将上述5株副溶血弧菌进行卤虫无节幼体人工感染实验,结果显示,它们对卤虫无节幼体均有致病力,且各分离株的毒力表现出显著性差异;20130629002S01和20130726001S01两株带有溶源性噬菌体的副溶血弧菌的致病力显著低于无噬菌体的副溶血弧菌(20130721001S02).本研究结果表明,5株VPAHPND分离株都含有AHPND相关的质粒,表现出显著的毒力差异,可能携带不同的溶源噬菌体,也可能不携带溶源噬菌体,溶源噬菌体与副溶血弧菌各分离株的毒力并无必然相关性. 相似文献
4.
为寻找并丰富溶藻弧菌噬菌体资源,实验以溶藻弧菌VAHN1为宿主菌,采用双层平板法从海南虾塘水样及福建海产品样本中分离溶藻弧菌噬菌体。通过透射电镜、限制性内切酶及构建发育树等方法对所获溶藻弧菌噬菌体进行分类鉴定;同时分析其生理生化性能。结果显示,本研究分离获得2株溶藻弧菌噬菌体VAP9与VAP21,其噬菌斑均清晰透亮,直径约1.5～2.0 mm。2株噬菌体核酸均为双链DNA,于透射电镜下可见其头部均呈正二十面体结构,2株噬菌体均属肌尾噬菌体科。噬菌体VAP9与VAP21对理化环境具有良好的耐受性;VAP9最适pH为6～8,VAP21最适pH为7～11;2株噬菌体可耐受通用杀菌浓度的过氧乙酸,且对氯仿与乙醚不敏感,同时对紫外线具有一定耐受性。2株噬菌体的最佳感染复数均为0.001,对供试溶藻弧菌的裂解率达95.2%,可裂解部分副溶血性弧菌,但无法裂解除溶藻弧菌与副溶血性弧菌外的弧菌属、葡萄球菌属、假单胞菌属等其他种属的供试细菌。噬菌体VAP9与VAP21可高效抑制溶藻弧菌VAHN1的生长,且2株噬菌体的混合制剂对溶藻弧菌的抑制效果优于单株噬菌体。将噬菌体VAP9及VAP21保守蛋白序列于N... 相似文献
5.
《渔业科学进展》2016,(2)
急性肝胰腺坏死病(Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease,AHPND)是由副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)引起的对虾病害,本研究从患AHPND的凡纳滨对虾样品中分离得到5株副溶血弧菌,采用致AHPND的副溶血弧菌(VPAHPND)的相关质粒的引物AP2进行PCR检测,表明这5株菌中均存在AHPND相关质粒。利用丝裂霉素C进行溶源性噬菌体筛选和噬菌体诱导发现,其中2株副溶血弧菌(20130629002S01和20130726001S01)可能存在溶源性噬菌体感染;从经0.5μg/ml丝裂霉素C诱导的20130629002S01和20130726001S01中分别分离得到两种噬菌体phage1和phage2。透射电镜观测显示,phage1为有尾噬菌体,phage2为球形噬菌体。将上述5株副溶血弧菌进行卤虫无节幼体人工感染实验,结果显示,它们对卤虫无节幼体均有致病力,且各分离株的毒力表现出显著性差异;20130629002S01和20130726001S01两株带有溶源性噬菌体的副溶血弧菌的致病力显著低于无噬菌体的副溶血弧菌(20130721001S02)。本研究结果表明,5株VPAHPND分离株都含有AHPND相关的质粒,表现出显著的毒力差异,可能携带不同的溶源噬菌体,也可能不携带溶源噬菌体,溶源噬菌体与副溶血弧菌各分离株的毒力并无必然相关性。 相似文献
6.
以舟山赤潮海水为样品,以SWBC-a为靶细菌,分离出4株噬菌体,检测了噬菌体的效价、RTD值、对26株弧菌(副溶血孤菌、霍乱弧菌、溶藻弧菌)的裂解范围,其中SWBC-a-3能裂解3株弧菌,裂解范围较宽,而且显示出跨种属裂解的能力,对这株噬菌体进行了初步的生物学特性研究,包括电镜下的形态,pH值稳定性和热稳定性,钙、镁离子对噬菌体吸附的影响.这2株噬菌体对弧菌的裂解能力较强,有潜在的实用价值. 相似文献
7.
利用噬菌体防治对虾弧菌病的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用副溶血弧菌人工感染凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei),以口服和直接浸泡副溶血弧菌噬菌体两种方式处理对虾,9天内,实验组对虾的死亡率较弧菌对照组低66.7%,实验组对虾的组织器官中和实验水体中的弧菌含量均远低于弧菌对照组.实验结果表明:口服和直接浸泡副溶血弧菌噬菌体方式均可有效防治对虾弧菌病. 相似文献
8.
对从海水中分离的3株噬菌蛭弧菌Blb-1、Blb-2、Blb-3在不同条件下的裂解特性进行了初步研究,并进行了Blb-2裂解水体哈维氏弧菌的应用试验。结果表明,3株菌在盐度为0~30时均能良好生长,具有广盐性;3株菌对灭活后的宿主菌具有更强的裂解作用,形成噬菌斑的时间普遍提前,且噬菌斑较大;3株蛭弧菌的裂菌谱试验以及不同蛭弧菌菌龄的裂解效果试验表明,3株菌对气单胞菌属和弧菌属细菌均有很好的裂解能力,而对水产益生菌芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌等裂解能力很弱;应用试验表明,噬菌蛭弧菌对水体中的哈维氏弧菌具有较强的的清除能力。 相似文献
9.
水体使用副溶血弧菌噬菌体对对虾体内宿主的防治研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究在水体使用噬菌体对感染病原菌对虾的治疗效果。在水体使用浓度分别为1×106,1×105,1×104pfu/mL的噬菌体对人工感染副溶血弧菌的凡纳滨对虾进行生物防治实验。结果显示,施加噬菌体的实验组对虾的死亡率明显低于对照组,对虾发病症状也较轻。凡纳滨对虾各组织器官含菌量实验表明,噬菌体对水体宿主裂解的同时,对虾体内器官的副溶血弧菌也被明显清除。水体中加入噬菌体使感染副溶血弧菌对虾体内的血细胞含量保持相对稳定。水体使用噬菌体对对虾副溶血弧菌病有积极的治疗作用。 相似文献
10.
在养殖水体不同亚硝酸氮的条件下,通过对凡纳滨对虾的毒性试验和检测对虾部分免疫指标的变化来研究副溶血弧菌噬菌体对对虾弧菌病的防治效果.试验设置0.005(对照)、0.75、1.50 mg/L和3.00 mg/L 4个不同亚硝酸氮的质量浓度作为胁迫组,并在此基础上加入副溶血弧菌设置为胁迫感染组,加入副溶血弧菌和噬菌体设置为... 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
12.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
13.
14.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
17.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
18.
Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
19.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
20.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献