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冬季亚麻杂草种类危害及防除研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文调查研究了州内亚麻种植地区的田块杂草种类、分布和发生规律。查清杂草共有101种，隶属25科，发生危害重的有7科26种，占25．74％；双子叶杂草77种，占76．23％，单子叶杂草22种，占21．78％，蕨类杂草2种，占1．98％。一年生杂草42种，占42．58％，越年或一年生杂草29种，占28．7l％，多年生杂草30种，占29．7l％。杂草随亚麻的播种而生长，至枞形期达最高峰，88—1231株／m^2。防治上在亚麻枞形期（株高5—10cm）、杂草2—3叶期选择50％敌草隆＋5％精喹禾灵或50％敌草隆＋56％二甲四氯钠盐，兑水喷雾，防除效果达90％以上。 相似文献
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为了筛选出对亚麻田间阔叶杂草具有高效、安全防除效果的除草剂组合,采用5种除草剂的7种组合对亚麻苗期杂草3~5期茎叶进行喷雾处理。结果表明,喷雾处理后,40%2甲·辛酰溴EC 750 mL/hm~2+30%二氯吡啶酸AS 900 mL/hm~2、40%2甲·辛酰溴EC 750 mL/hm~2+48%灭草松AS 2250 mL/hm~2两种组合在施药后45 d株防效、鲜重防效分别达到94.51%、94.80%和91.01%、90.81%。因此,这两种药剂组合用水量900 kg/hm~2,在亚麻苗高达到7~9 cm,杂草3~5叶期进行均匀喷雾处理,对亚麻田阔叶杂草具有良好的防除效果,可在生产上推广使用。 相似文献
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海南不同市县旱田代表性杂草发生规律研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为全面了解海南不同市县旱田代表性杂草全年的发生规律,从2008年至2009年,采用全年定点、定时观测的方法对海南7个市县杂草自然萌发情况进行调查。结果表明:海南不同市县定点观测样方里共有代表性杂草20科60种,其中菊科、禾本科、苋科、豆科和茜草科较多,占杂草总数的63%;外来入侵杂草有29种,占总数的48%;重要值大于5的优势种杂草有12种,占所有杂草的20%。6月是杂草种类萌发高峰,达15种。海南杂草年平均萌发量达1 060株/0.25 m2,其中万宁最高,年平均萌发量达1 559株/0.25 m2;定安最低,年平均萌发量达519株/0.25 m2。海南杂草全年发生数量有两个高峰期:一个在4月,萌发率为16%;一个在9月,萌发率为10%。全年大部分杂草在3~7月和9月萌发,萌发率为全年的70%。在海南,温度均能满足杂草萌发需要,降雨量是杂草发生的主要限制因子。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):189-198
AbstractGrain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):415-432
Summary This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed. 相似文献
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以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。 相似文献
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Corné Kempenaar Thomas Been Johan Booij Frits van Evert Jean-Marie Michielsen Corné Kocks 《Potato Research》2017,60(3-4):295-305
Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the
water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during
mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal
resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No
such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m−2 s−1 between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop. 相似文献
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体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望. 相似文献