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全球约25%的粮食和谷物被霉菌毒素污染,严重地危害人类和动物健康。因此,有效地清除霉菌毒素是重要的课题。一种新型的生物学方法可以通过抑制霉菌生长或吸附霉菌毒素来降低霉菌毒素带来的危害。研究表明,活性乳酸菌以及灭活乳酸菌均能吸附霉菌毒素,并排出体外,且灭活乳酸菌的吸附能力更强、结合更稳定。同时,生物类吸附剂特异性强、不会吸附营养物质和对食品、饲料无污染,而且避免了毒素的二次污染,使其成了吸附霉菌毒素的研究热点。文章比较了活性乳酸菌以及灭活乳酸菌吸附霉菌毒素的特点,并分析了其吸附机制。 相似文献
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霉菌毒素毒性及其降解的研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
霉菌广泛存在于谷物、饲料以及食品中，其次级代谢产物——霉菌毒素给动物以及人类的健康带来了极大的威胁。本文综述了近几年来霉菌及其毒素的研究情况，包括动物霉菌毒素中毒机理和清除霉菌毒素方法，为霉菌毒素研究者提供最新的参考资料。 相似文献
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霉菌毒素是家禽健康和生产的一个主要威胁,由于这些毒素具有特殊的化学特性,要建立从饲料原料中清除毒素的控制体系并非是一件容易的事.减少霉菌毒素对动物的危害需从以下两方面人手:一是降低霉菌毒素污染动物饲料的风险及水平.二是降低饲料中残留毒素对动物的危害. 相似文献
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生物添加剂对全株玉米青贮饲料中黄曲霉毒素的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黄曲霉毒素具有强烈的致畸、致突变性,对动物产品及人类危害极大。试验以乳酸菌、纤维素酶、乳酸菌+纤维素酶处理的全株玉米青贮料为材料,并设置对照,分析讨论3种添加剂处理方式对青贮饲料贮存过程中黄曲霉毒素含量的影响。试验首先通过pH测定判断出青贮料打开霉变的取样时间为青贮料打开后的第10天。结果表明:全株玉米原料中未检出黄曲霉毒素;全株玉米打开当天,对照组黄曲霉毒素显著高于纤维素酶处理组,而乳酸菌和乳酸菌+纤维素酶处理的青贮料均未检出黄曲霉毒素;青贮料打开后第10天,对照组霉菌毒素含量显著高于乳酸菌处理组和纤维素酶处理组,而且乳酸菌+纤维素酶处理组中仍未检出黄曲霉毒素含量。该试验表明,添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶对青贮饲料中黄曲霉毒素的产生存在抑制作用,且二者同时添加时效果最好。 相似文献
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生产实践中,霉菌毒素是危害畜禽养殖业的一个重要方面,如果处理不当,会带来较大的经济损失。如何有效减少或去除霉菌毒素,Stefaan Van Dyck博士等人尝试用吸附试验来降低霉菌毒素的危害,有理论有数据有分析,现提供给大家参考。试验研究证明,用不同的技术工艺制作的可吸附霉菌毒素的产品如粘土材料等,在试管中进行试验时,并不能显示出始终一致的吸附活性,不能达到有效清除霉菌毒素的目的。出现这种情况的一个重要原因是评价霉菌毒素结合物的试验设计方法的差异,因为大多数毒素结合物是通过吸附毒素来减少甚至清除霉菌毒素的,结合物与毒素的… 相似文献
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霉菌毒素污染的饲料脱毒方法ＳｉｇｒｉｄＰａｓｔｅｉｎｅｒ著郑麦青摘译文杰校据估计，每年全世界有２５％的粮食作物受到霉菌毒素的污染。毒性很高的霉菌毒素是真菌或霉菌生长繁殖的产物。杀死这些微生物可以阻止霉菌毒素的产生，但是不能清除饲料中已经存在的霉菌毒素... 相似文献
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《畜牧兽医科技信息》2016,(10)
正霉菌毒素中毒是当今养殖业中普遍存在而又很难解决的问题之一,根据世界粮农组织的调查,世界上每年有25%的粮食受到已确认的霉菌毒素的污染。容易产生霉菌毒素的农作物饲料主要包括玉米、小麦、大麦、稻谷、高粱、糠麸类和糟渣类以及豆粕、棉籽粕、花生粕、葵花粕等。霉菌毒素中毒的临床表现与其他化学毒素临床表现一样,表现为急性、亚急性或慢性,通常以慢性为主。1饲料中霉菌毒素为何难以清除(1)霉菌毒素可以在很低的水分含量的饲料中生长繁 相似文献
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由饲料中的霉菌和真菌引发的霉菌毒素污染是困扰全球饲料生产厂家的问题。如今，市场上出现了以添加剂形式控制这些毒素的天然或合成的吸附剂。这些产品中的大多数是通过在消化或营养吸收的过程中清除毒素分子而保护动物免受危害。然而，并非所有霉菌毒素吸附剂产品都接受... 相似文献
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为了评估鲁北地区全株玉米青贮饲料霉菌毒素含量及危害情况,在鲁北地区18家养殖场青贮池中采集青贮样品,利用ELISA检测方法,开展了呕吐毒素(DON)、黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、T-2、赭曲霉毒素(OTA)等5种常见霉菌毒素的检测分析。结果表明:呕吐毒素、T-2毒素检出率均为100%,黄曲霉毒素B1、玉米赤霉烯酮、赭曲霉毒素检出率分别为55.56%、27.78%、5.56%;5.56%的样品存在黄曲霉毒素B1超出限量标准,其他均在限量标准以下。添加乳酸菌制剂制备组的呕吐毒素、黄曲霉毒素B1、玉米赤霉烯酮3种霉菌毒素平均含量明显低于未添加组。全部样品中均检测出2种以上霉菌毒素,其中DON+T-2+AFB1三种霉菌毒素的组合检出率最高,达到38.89%,因此需提高对全株玉米青贮饲料霉菌毒素污染的认识和重视程度。 相似文献
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《动物营养（英文）》2015,(4)
Fungal biochemical pathways can yield various compounds that are not considered to be necessary for their growth and are thus referred to as secondary metabolites. These compounds have been found to have wide ranging biological effects and include potent poisons(mycotoxins). Mycotoxins invariably contaminate crops and(thus) animal feeds. The intestine is the key link between ingested mycotoxins and their detrimental effects on the animal. Effects on the intestine, or intestinal environment, and immune system have been reported with various mycotoxins. These effects are almost certainly occurring across species. Most, if not all, of the reported effects of mycotoxins are negative in terms of intestinal health, for example, decreased intestinal cell viability, reductions in short chain fatty acid(SCFA)concentrations and elimination of beneficial bacteria, increased expression of genes involved in promoting inflammation and counteracting oxidative stress. This challenge to intestinal health will predispose the animal to intestinal(and systemic) infections and impair efficient digestion and absorption of nutrients, with the associated effect on animal productivity. 相似文献
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In vitro study on berseem hay and wheat straw was undertaken to investigate the the effect of mycotoxin contamination on dry matter and organic matter digestibilities. The data revealed a negative effect of most studied mycotoxins on the materials digestibility. Among the investigated mycotoxins, penicillic acid with its two concentrations (5 and 10 nmol) was the most negative, affecting digestibilities of both feed materials. Wheat straw digestibility was more influenced than berseem hay by the ochratoxin A, citrinin and sterigmatocystin (besides the penicillic acid) particularly with their high level (10 nmol). Yet, some mycotoxins act as antibiotics which may affect only the harmful flora but encourage the rumen microflora resulting in slight improvement of digestibility. The rumen conditions were able to metabolize or deform the used levels of all mycotoxins studied. Thus, there were no detectable residues of these mycotoxins in the digestion media after the in vitro fermentation. 相似文献
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Mycotoxins and reproduction in domestic livestock. 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Molds are parasitic plants that are ubiquitous in livestock feedstuffs. Even though molds themselves reduce the quality of grains, their synthesis of chemical substances termed mycotoxins causes the greatest monetary loss to the animal industry. Five major mycotoxins that impair growth and reproductive efficiency in North America are aflatoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin, and ergot. Aflatoxins are produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Consumption of grains containing aflatoxins by swine affects reproduction indirectly by reducing feed intake and growth. In swine, aflatoxins impair liver and kidney function, delay blood clotting, increase susceptibility to bruising, and interfere with cellular humoral immune systems. Ruminants are comparatively resistant to aflatoxicosis, but presence of aflatoxins in milk of dairy cows is closely monitored for human safety. Depending on environmental conditions, Fusarium roseum can produce either zearalenone or deoxynivalenol. Days 7 to 10 postmating seem to be a critical period of gestation for zearalenone to exert its detrimental actions on early embryonic development. Presence of deoxynivalenol in swine feedstuffs decreases feed intake, causes feed refusal, and induces occasional vomiting. Several species of Penicillium and Aspergillus produce ochratoxin, a mycotoxin that causes necrosis of kidney tissue. Ergot alkaloids produced by Claviceps purpurea on wheat can cause reproductive problems and are associated with lactational failure in swine. Various methods have been developed to remove mycotoxins from infected feedstuffs. Chemical analyses in laboratories as well as diagnostic kits suitable for use at the elevator or farm can be used successfully to identify which mycotoxins are present in suspect feedstuffs. 相似文献
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Birgit Puschner 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2002,32(2):409-419
The relevance of many mycotoxins to small animal health is difficult to assess, because available information has not been collated and reviewed. Only aflatoxins, penitrem A, and roquefortine have been confirmed in natural mycotoxicoses in pets. Effects of tricothecene mycotoxins, patulin, and penicillic acid on dogs and cats have only been studied experimentally and have not been confirmed in natural outbreaks. Although they make up only a small portion of the cases presented to veterinarians, mycotoxicoses often require special effort. Establishing an accurate diagnosis is crucial to minimize exposure and provide adequate treatment. In most cases, clinical examination, clinical pathologic testing, and analytical chemistry analysis of suspect feed are necessary to reach a diagnosis. 相似文献
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Makino SI Cheun HI Tabuchi H Shirahata T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2000,62(8):893-895
Since enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella, etc., sometimes contaminate animal feces and may cause infectious diseases to humans, it is important to remove pathogenic bacteria from domestic animal waste. For the purpose, we examined the antibacterial activity of chaff vinegar. We found that the chaff vinegar inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria immediately in vitro but not efficiently spores and lactic acid bacteria. Further, it removes bacteria, especially Enterobacteriaceae, from animal feces and the surface of the concrete-floor in the cattle barn. Chaff vinegar is advertised as a natural chemical substance for a soil conditioner, to promote the composting and to deodorize their smell. Chaff vinegar may be useful for organic agriculture without enteric pathogenic bacteria. 相似文献
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青贮饲料是反刍动物日粮中重要的组成部分,但青贮饲料在收获前、发酵期间及青贮完成后都会受到多种霉菌毒素污染。反刍动物摄入霉菌毒素后会对其健康和生产性能产生不利影响,并对食品安全及人类健康构成威胁。青贮饲料中优势霉菌包括镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、青霉属(Penicillium)和链格孢属(Alternaria)真菌,所产生的主要霉菌毒素包括单端孢霉烯族毒素、伏马菌素、玉米赤霉烯酮、黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素、蓝酪霉菌毒素、霉酚酸和麦角生物碱等。本文将对上述毒素在青贮饲料中的产生、影响、预防和脱毒的方法进行简要综述,以期为生产优质青贮饲料提供理论支持。 相似文献
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F S Chu 《Journal of animal science》1992,70(12):3950-3963
Analysis of mycotoxins in feedstuffs is a difficult task because only trace amounts of the toxins are present in the sample. However, rapid progress in the area of mycotoxin analysis has been made during the last few years. Simplified sample cleanup protocols and new chromatographic methods, especially HPLC, have been developed. New, more sensitive and versatile instruments such as high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and gas chromatography/tandem MS/MS are coming to the market. After 15 yr of laboratory research, immunoassay techniques have gained more acceptance as analytical tools for mycotoxins. Several immunoassay kits for mycotoxins are currently available. The development of these new techniques and their application for monitoring various mycotoxins in foods and feeds are described in this review. 相似文献