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1.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of computed tomography (CT) for detection of pneumonia in snakes. ANIMALS: 8 clinically normal Indian pythons (Python molurus) and 5 pythons with evidence of respiratory tract disease. PROCEDURES: Preliminary examinations (clinical examination, conventional radiography, and microbiologic examination of a transtracheal wash sample) were performed. The lungs of each snake were then examined by use of CT performed in accordance with a standardized protocol. Structures of the lungs were assessed, and thickness and attenuation of the parenchyma were determined. RESULTS: It was possible to assess lung parenchyma in all pythons. Mean +/- SD attenuation in healthy pythons was -744.4 +/- 47.1 Hounsfield units. Significant differences were not evident between the right and left lungs or among measurement areas within a lung. In all Indian pythons with clinical signs of dyspnea and microbiologic detection of pathogens, hyperattenuation of the alveolar tissue was evident. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Analysis of the results revealed the benefit of CT for use in the diagnosis of pneumonia in snakes. A standardized protocol and reference values were established as a basis for CT assessment of the lungs of snakes.  相似文献   

2.
OBJECTIVE: To determine correlation between results of computed tomography (CT) versus pathologic examination for determining the volume percentage of affected lung in mice experimentally infected with Pasteurella pneumotropica. ANIMALS: 30 adult mice. PROCEDURE: After helical CT scans on day 0, mice were inoculated intranasally with P. pneumotropica. Repeat CT scans were performed on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 13. Regions of interest (affected areas) were manually drawn on the CT images, and percentage volume of normal lung was calculated by use of 3 methods: first-day volume, largest volume, and last-day volume. Three mice were euthanatized for pathologic evaluation after each scan day. The lungs were examined with a dissection microscope, and lesion scores were assigned on the basis of percentage volume of pneumonia. Correlation coefficients comparing results of the 3 CT methods with results of gross examination were calculated. RESULTS: Lung abnormalities were detected via dissection microscopy by postinfection day 2 and via CT by days 2 or 3. Correlation coefficients for the 3 CT methods of analysis, compared with pathologic findings, were 0.7 via first-day lung volume, 0.8 via largest lung volume, and 0.8 via last-day lung volume. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of CT correlated well with results of dissection microscopy for estimating percentage volume of lung affected by pneumonia in mice experimentally infected with P. pneumotropica. This method may be useful for longitudinal studies of pneumonia in mice.  相似文献   

3.
旨在研究羊感染肺炎支原体后胸部C T影像学特征.将20只山羊分为2组,对照组5只、试验组15只,试验组通过气管注射感染5 mL绵羊肺炎支原体(1×107 CCU·mL-1)人工诱发山羊支原体肺炎,对照组注射等体积生理盐水.感染后观察两组羊的临床症状,在感染后第0、7、14、21、28天对两组羊胸部进行C T扫查,分析支...  相似文献   

4.
A 10‐year‐old female spayed Dachshund was referred with progressive coughing for 1 month. The dog was tentatively diagnosed with right middle lung torsion based on pleural effusion, vesicular emphysema, abruptly ending bronchus in consolidated right middle lung, and no contrast enhancement of the affected lobe on radiography and computed tomography (CT). There was no evidence of torsion upon thoracotomy, and histological examination confirmed lobar pneumonia. The CT images were reevaluated using minimum intensity projection and revealed normal bronchial courses. The minimum intensity projection technique can be to assist in evaluation of the bronchial tree for dogs with suspected lung lobe torsion and other pulmonary diseases.  相似文献   

5.
警犬正常心电图研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
描记了９０只警犬标准肢导联、加压单极肢导联、单极胸导联、Ａ－Ｂ导联等共２４个导联的心电图。结果显示，被检警犬皆为窦性心律，其心电图的性别差异不明显。此外，还分析了两种单极胸导联法的差异。  相似文献   

6.
Fifty dairy goats, of various ages, sexes and breeds were selected for examination on the basis of positive serological reactions to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV). Thirty-one had lung lesions including chronic interstitial pneumonia of caudal or cranioventral lobes, bronchopneumonia, verminous pneumonia, pulmonary cryptococcosis or combinations of these. The only infective agent recovered from all the chronic interstitial pneumonia cases examined was CAEV, which was also recovered from lung tissue of 3 goats with arthritis but no lung lesions. The presence of CAEV in lavaged alveolar macrophages from normal lung tissue and from lungs affected with chronic interstitial pneumonia and verminous pneumonia, and the demonstration of a marked increase in nonspecific esterase staining macrophages in areas of chronic interstitial pneumonia, are discussed in relation to the aetiology of the pneumonia.  相似文献   

7.
Auscultation is considered the critical component of the veterinary clinical examination for the diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease but the accuracy with which adventitious sounds reflect underlying lung pathology remains largely unproven. Modern portable ultrasound machines provide the veterinary practitioner with an inexpensive, non-invasive tool with which to examine the pleural surfaces and superficial lung parenchyma. Simultaneous recording of sounds overlying normal lung and defined pathology allows critical assessment of auscultated sounds in the same animal removing confounding factors such as respiratory rate and thickness of the chest wall (body condition). Twelve cows, referred to the University of Edinburgh Veterinary School, were diagnosed with chronic suppurative pneumonia and enrolled into this prospective study to record and monitor lung sounds, ultrasonographic findings, and response to a standardised antibiotic treatment regimen.Most cows (8/12) had a normal rectal temperature on presentation but all cows had received antibiotic therapy at some time in the previous two weeks and six animals were receiving antibiotic treatment upon admission. All cattle were tachypnoeic (>40 breaths per minute) with frequent and productive coughing, halitosis, and a purulent nasal discharge most noticeable when the head was lowered. Ultrasonographic examination of the chest readily identified pathological changes consistent with severe lung pathology subsequently confirmed as chronic suppurative pneumonia in four cows at necropsy; eight cows recovered well after antibiotic treatment and were discharged two to six weeks after admission. It proved difficult to differentiate increased audibility of normal lung sounds due to tachypnoea from wheezes; coarse crackles were not commonly heard. In general, sounds were reduced in volume over consolidated lung relative to normal lung tissue situated dorsally. Rumen contraction sounds were commonly transmitted over areas of lung pathology.Trueperella (formerly Arcanobacterium) pyogenes was isolated from three of four lung tissue samples at necrospy. Treatment with procaine penicillin for 42 consecutive days resulted in marked improvement with return to normal appetite and improvement in body condition in 8 of 12 cows (67%) where lesions did not extend more than 10-15 cm above the level of the olecranon on both sides of the chest.  相似文献   

8.
A total of 163 pigs from nine farrow-to-finish herds representing various levels of atrophic rhinitis (AR) were selected for postslaughter examination of AR and pneumonia. Nasal swabs and lungs were cultured for detection of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida. Seventy-three pigs were examined at eight weeks of age and 90 contemporaries at six months of age. Mean AR scores were 1.21 and 1.11 for the eight week and six month old pigs, respectively (0 = normal, 3 = severe). In individual pigs increasing AR score was related to increasing pneumonia score in eight week old pigs but not in six month old hogs. In eight week old pigs, B. bronchiseptica and P. multocida were isolated more frequently from pigs with higher AR scores. From nasal swabs of six month old hogs, Bordetella was almost never recovered while Pasteurella was frequently isolated score. Toxigenic type DP. multocida was isolated from nasal cultures of only seven (4%) pigs and from lung cultures of only one pig. Pasteurella was never isolated from lungs of the eight week old pigs and Bordetella never from the six month old hogs. The isolation rate of P. multocida, predominantly type A, from lungs of six month old pigs increased from 11% in grossly normal lungs to 86% in lungs with severe pneumonia. Pigs from one herd free from lesions of AR and pneumonia were also examined; type AP. multocida was isolated from nasal cultures of one of six eight week old pigs. Somatic antigens of P. multocida were determined for 94 nasal and 20 lung isolates. Somatic serovar 3 was found in 93% of the nasal isolates and in all lung isolates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

9.
The efficacy of an inactivated aqueous vaccine against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was evaluated at two M hyopneumoniae-infected farrow-to-finish commercial farms (A and B) in Greece. In a prospective, randomised double-blind study, two groups on each farm received intramuscular doses of either the vaccine or the adjuvant when they were one and four weeks of age. The pigs were observed daily for clinical signs of disease; morbidity and mortality were recorded; and bodyweight was recorded at intervals. At slaughter, the lungs of the animals were examined and the chest cavities were examined for signs of pleuritis. No adverse reactions to the treatments were observed in any of the pigs. On farm A the vaccinated pigs were on average 6 kg heavier at slaughter, and on farm B they were on average 4 kg heavier; on both farms the average daily gain of the pigs was greater than that of the unvaccinated pigs. The prevalence and severity of enzootic pneumonia in the affected lungs were significantly lower in the vaccinated than in the unvaccinated pigs.  相似文献   

10.
In order to study the occurrence of mycoplasmas among Norwegian sheep, lungs from a great number of different herds were collected at 3 abattoirs in Southern Norway. The presence of fermenting mycoplasmas and bacteria was examined in both normal and pneumonic lungs to determine whether recovery of these agents could be related to pneumonic changes. Pneumonic lungs demonstrated lesions typical of the condition described as subacute or chronic pneumonia.Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae was found in 87 % of the 126 pneumonic lungs and in 6 % of the 83 normal lungs. Bacteria, mostly Pasteurella haemolytica, were less frequently encountered in the pneumonic lungs, and usually in combination with M. ovipneumoniae. It is concluded that M. ovipneumoniae is widespread among sheep in Southern Norway and can be considered to have etiological significance in subacute or chronic pneumonia, whereas bacteria probably occur mainly as secondary invaders. Changes resulting from moderate invasion by lungworm were found in about half of the lungs, but just as frequently in normal as in pneumonic lungs, and accordingly did not appear to contribute to the pneumonia investigated.  相似文献   

11.
A 5‐year‐old Chihuahua was examined for peracute pain and paraparesis. Neuroanatomic localization was consistent with a symmetric T3‐L3 myelopathy. Computed tomography (CT) of the T9‐L5 vertebrae was normal. Myelography disclosed attenuation of the subarachnoid space from T11 to L1, consistent with spinal cord swelling. CT following the myelogram disclosed a focal area of intramedullary iodinated contrast medium at T13‐L1. At surgery, intervertebral disc material was removed from the spinal cord. Based on the findings in this patient, intramedullary disc herniation should be considered a cause for focal intramedullary contrast medium accumulation.  相似文献   

12.
A 22-month-old male Japanese mongrel cat with a history of dysuria and recurrent generalised tonic-clonic seizure was examined by neuro-opthalmological testing and computed tomography (CT). Vision testing revealed narrowing of the visual field in the right eye, and complete visual deficits in the left eye. Pupillary reactions, and motor and sensory function in the eyelids and the eyes were normal. The cat was diagnosed as hydrocephalus by CT examination, because dilation of the right lateral ventricle, and compression of the right temporal and occipital cortices was shown. The etiology of the hydrocephalus was unclear. Although a unilateral lesion of the upper visual pathway was suspected, a complete homonymous hemianopsia was not shown.  相似文献   

13.
Ten swine from each of five herds believed to be affected with mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine and ten swine from each of five herds believed to be mycoplasmal pneumonia-free were selected for postmortem study. Lungs from the 100 swine were examined; grossly and microscopically for lesions typical of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine and culturally and by an indirect immunofluorescent procedure for the presence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Nineteen of the lungs had both gross and microscopic lesions typical of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine and 13 (68%) of these were infected, i.e. were culturally and/or indirect immunofluorescent positive. Absence of gross lesions did not prove freedom from mycoplasmal pneumonia, 14 of 73 (19%) grossly normal lungs were found to be infected with M. hyopneumoniae. Comparison of the indirect immunofluorescent and cultural examination, as methods of diagnosing mycoplasma pneumonia, revealed that neither procedure alone was reliable in the case of negative results. Ten lungs were indirect immunofluorescent negative and culturally positive and seven were culturally negative and indirect immunofluorescent positive (11 lungs were positive by both procedures). It was concluded that a definitive diagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine requires that M. hyopneumoniae be visualized in indirect immunofluorescent stained lung sections or that it be recovered culturally.  相似文献   

14.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a rare disease in dogs. It is primarily reported in cavalier King Charles spaniels and miniature dachshunds with suspected underlying immunodeficiency. This case series reports the findings in five dogs (four cavalier King Charles spaniels and one Bedlington terrier) with confirmed P. carinii pneumonia. Thoracic (CT) revealed ground glass opacity of the pulmonary parenchyma with a diffuse or multifocal distribution. The severity of this pattern was variable. Less consistent imaging findings included parenchymal bands, bronchial dilation and signs consistent with pulmonary hypertension. Four dogs recovered well with treatment and there was resolution of CT abnormalities in all dogs with follow‐up.  相似文献   

15.
An 18-yr-old, male, albino, American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) was evaluated for decreased appetite and abnormal buoyancy. Computed tomography (CT) of the coelomic cavity showed multifocal mineral and soft tissue attenuating pulmonary masses consistent with pulmonary fungal granulomas. Additionally, multifocal areas of generalized, severe emphysema and pulmonary and pleural thickening were identified. The alligator was euthanized and necropsy revealed severe fungal pneumonia associated with oxalosis. Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae was cultured from lung tissue and exhibited oxalate crystal formation in vitro. Crystals were identified as calcium oxalate monohydrate by X-ray powder defractometry. Fungal identification was based on morphology, including tissue sporulation, and DNA sequence analysis. This organism is typically thought of as an entomopathogen. Clinical signs of fungal pneumonia in nonavian reptiles are often inapparent until the disease is at an advanced stage, making antemortem diagnosis challenging. This case demonstrates the value of CT for pulmonary assessment and diagnosis of fungal pneumonia in the American alligator. Fungal infection with associated oxalosis should not be presumed to be aspergillosis.  相似文献   

16.
Immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations in serum and in nasal secretions were correlated with pneumonia and diarrhea during the first 12 weeks of life in 56 calves. The peak onset of pneumonia occurred between 2 and 4 weeks of age when the calves' serum IgG1, IgG2, and IgA concentrations were lowest. As IgG2 concentrations increased, fewer calves developed pneumonia. Peak onset of pneumonia was also correlated with the lowest IgG and IgA concentrations in the calves' nasal secretions. Most calves developed pneumonia when serum concentrations of IgG1 were less than 1.5 g/dl, IgG2 less than 0.3 g/dl, IgA less than 0.1 g/dl, and IgM less than 0.2 g/dl and when the combined IgG and IgA values in nasal secretions were less than 0.2 mg of Ig/mg of protein. In study A, diarrhea preceded pneumonia in 63% of 56 calves. In study B, 38% of 23 calves had diarrhea and/or hemorrhagic feces before pneumonia. Seemingly, there was a relationship between diarrhea and pneumonia. Furthermore, pneumonia occurred at or just after the time when IgG1, IgG2, and IgA concentrations in serum and the combined IgG and IgA concentrations in nasal secretions were lowest. Pneumonia is a common disease of calves between 1 and 5 months of age, a period coinciding with the usual low point in serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations due to catabolism of passively acquired antibodies. Calves that absorb less than adequate amounts of Ig may be susceptible to pneumonia at approximately 2 months of age, when serum Ig concentrations would be lowest.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

17.
规模化猪场猪圆环病毒2型的血清流行病学调查   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为了解规模化猪场猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)血清学流行情况,采用ELISA进行PCV2抗体检测。结果表明,运城地区规模化猪场广泛存在PCV2感染,未免疫接种猪圆环病毒疫苗的外观健康猪血清样品中PCV2抗体平均阳性率为49.66%,其中种猪感染率达67%,哺乳仔猪感染率4.55%,保育猪感染率43%,育肥猪感染率64.71%;外观健康猪群检测结果提示,随着年龄的增长PCV2感染有升高趋势。为了进一步研究猪圆环病毒感染各症候群在规模化场发病特点及流行规律,采集临床疑似断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)、仔猪先天性震颤(Congenital tremors,CT)、猪肾炎皮炎综合征(PDNS)、猪的繁殖障碍(Reproductive failure)、PCV2相关性肺炎等症状猪血清400份进行PCV2抗体检测。检测结果显示,疑似PMWS症状PCV2抗体阳性率最高,达86.25%,然后依次是疑似PCV2相关性肺炎阳性率56.25%,疑似PDNS阳性率46.25%,疑似繁殖障碍阳性率26.25%,最低的是疑似CT阳性率11.25%。研究结果表明,运城地区规模化猪场PCV2感染以PMWS和PCV2相关性肺炎为主,其次是PDNS和繁殖障碍,仔猪先天性震颤感染率最低。  相似文献   

18.

Background

Accurate early diagnosis of lung metastases is important for establishing therapeutic measures. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare survey thoracic radiographs and computerized tomography (CT) scans to specifically identify lung metastases in female dogs with mammary tumors.

Methods

Twenty-one female dogs, weighing 3 to 34 kg and aged from 5 years to 14 years and 10 months, with mammary tumors were studied. In all dogs before the imaging examinations, fine-needle aspiration cytology of the mammary tumors was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Three-view thoracic radiographs were accomplished: right lateral, left lateral and ventrodorsal views. Sequential transverse images of the thorax were acquired on a spiral Scanner, before and after intravenous bolus injection of nonionic iodine contrast. Soft-tissue and lung windows were applied. All the mammary tumors were surgically removed and examined histologically.

Results

The correlation between the cytological and histological results regarding presence of malignancy was observed in only 17 cases. In radiographic examinations, no dog displayed signs of lung metastases or thorax chest lesions. CT detected lung metastasis in two cases, while small areas of lung atelectasis located peripherally were found in 28.57% of the dogs.

Conclusion

In this study population, spiral CT showed higher sensitivity than chest radiographies to detect lung metastasis; this indicates that CT should be performed on all female dogs with malignant mammary tumors.  相似文献   

19.
A 12-year-old intact male mongrel dog with a weight of 22 kg was referred with a complaint of progressive tetraparesis. Cervical myelography revealed an intradural-extramedullary mass at the second cervical vertebra. After computed tomography (CT) under general anesthesia, the patient showed dyspnea and cyanosis caused by insufficient movement of the chest wall. Positive pressure ventilation was therefore initiated. Hemilaminectomy and partial mass removal were performed 12 hr after the CT. The mass was histopathologically diagnosed as meningioma. Gradual weaning from the mechanical ventilation lasted for 80 hr after the operation. The patient eventually recovered from the ventilatory failure and the tetraparesis at approximately 6 and 14 days after the operation, respectively.  相似文献   

20.
Chronic pneumonia was investigated in a litter of young Chinese Shar Pei in which 4 of 6 dogs were affected. Serum immunoglobulin concentrations (IgA, IgG, IgM) determined by radial immunodiffusion varied over time, but were not consistently lower in affected dogs, compared with control dogs. Two dogs that died had hydrocephalus and lymphoid depletion, in addition to severe broncho-pneumonia. Evaluation of ciliary ultrastructure in 2 affected dogs revealed random orientation of adjacent respiratory tract or oviductal cilia and a greater number of microtubular disarrangements, compared with control dogs. In vivo tracheal mucociliary clearance of 99mtechnetium macroaggregated albumin was absent in 1 dog examined. The ciliary abnormalities were suspected to have resulted in an inefficient mucociliary transport system predisposing to the development of pneumonia. Further evaluation of 1 Chinese Shar Pei revealed lymphocyte mitogenesis results that were not consistently less than those of a control dog, normal total hemolytic complement values, and normal blood neutrophil chemotaxis.  相似文献   

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