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1.
荧光定量PCR技术及其在动物传染病定量检测中的应用 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
荧光定量PCR是近年发展起来的一 种新的实时定量检测特定核酸技术,它是核 酸探针技术、荧光共振能量传递技术和PCR 技术的有机结合,而荧光探针是荧光定量 PCR的核心。目前报道的荧光探针主要有 TaqMan、Amplisensor、分子信标、Lightcycler 以及在这4种探针基础上发展起来的其他荧 光探针。各种荧光探针在定量PCR中的作 用是识别和报告特定核酸。这些荧光探针与 相应的靶分子杂交时经历一个自发荧光形成 或消失的构象变化,只有与完全互补的靶核 酸杂交时才会出现这种变化,当靶核酸存在 碱基错配或缺失时,荧光探针就不会与之杂 交,也不会出现荧光的变化。在检测时根据 这种荧光变化来确定检测中特定核酸的存在 和量的多少。荧光探针用于定量PCR不但 提高了PCR的检测灵敏度,还能在同一封闭 管中对模板进行准确定量检测,特别适合特 定核酸扩增的实时监测。荧光定量PCR用 于动物传染病的诊断,不但能定量检测病原 体感染的强弱和在机体内的分布,还具有灵 敏、快速、省力的特点。 相似文献
2.
H G Purchase 《Avian diseases》1989,33(4):609-614
A workshop in which 17 practicing scientists participated was intended to address primarily people who use or could use biotechnology in their work and was confined to five techniques. Endonuclease fingerprinting and mapping involved cleaving nucleic acid with a specific restriction enzyme and separating the nucleic acid fragments by electrophoresis. Field and vaccine isolates of Pasteurella multocida could be distinguished; Salmonella enteritidis could be divided into three groups; chlamydia could be grouped into seven groups; and vaccinia, quail pox, and fowl pox could be clearly distinguished. Preparation of nucleic acid probes involved producing large amounts of labeled oligonucleotides, usually of unknown sequence. Successful probes had been made for infectious bursal disease virus, avian influenza virus, Newcastle disease virus, and infectious bronchitis virus. In Southern, Northern, and dot blotting, either DNA or RNA fragments were placed on or transferred to a solid substrate and probed. The procedure was able to detect infectious bursal disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, and Marek's disease virus. In situ hybridization involved applying a labeled probe to frozen or fixed sections or to intact cells. In Polymerase chain reaction, two primers, some distance apart, were annealed to a denatured target DNA. Repeated cycles of DNA synthesis with a thermostable polymerase, denaturing, and reannealing resulted in great amplification of a rare sequence. After 30 cycles, a rare gene sequence could be amplified more than 10(6) times. It was used successfully to detect minute quantities of influenza virus and infectious bursal disease virus, and the process was used to facilitate DNA sequencing of coccidiosis gene segments. 相似文献
3.
鸡致病性外源性禽白血病病毒特异性核酸探针交叉斑点杂交检测试剂盒的研制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用特定引物通过PCR合成了经地高辛标记的鸡致病性外源性及内源性禽白血病病毒特异性核酸探针,通过交叉斑点分子杂交,这些探针将可用于检测病料样品中致病性外源性禽白血病毒特异性核酸的存在。利用此试剂盒,对从病料组织样品中提取的基因组DNA作交叉斑点分子杂交或对提取的DNA用相应引物扩增后的PCR产物作交叉斑点分子杂交,可在24～36h内完成检测并报告结果。 相似文献
4.
《Journal of aquatic animal health》2013,25(4):355-359
Abstract Penaeid shrimp Penaeus vannamei were experimentally infected at a mysis II stage with the penaeid shrimp virus Baculovirus penaei (BP). The larvae were sampled at 0, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 h postinfection and were examined for evidence of infection by three different methods: wet mounts, histology, and nucleic acid probes. Wet-mount squashes of the hepatopancreas were prepared and examined for BP tetrahedral occlusion bodies (TOBs) or larvae were fixed in Davidson's fixative and processed for routine histology, then either stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) or reacted with nonradioactive BP gene probes by in situ hybridization. Sections stained with H&E or reacted with labeled gene probes were examined for signs of BP infection, such as cell cytopathology, the presence of TOBs, or the presence of a purple precipitate (which indicates BP-specific nucleic acid in the tissue). Occlusion bodies were initially observed in the wet-mount squash of the hepatopancreas of one shrimp at 18 h postinfection, and advanced infections were commonly seen at 48 h postinfection. The first definitive positive by H&E histology was detected at 24 h postinfection, whereas the probes detected infections at 12 h postinfection. The results indicate that the BP gene probes have the capability of detecting a BP infection before TOBs are readily observable in wet-mount squashes of the hepatopancreas and before the formation of TOBs in infected tissue. 相似文献
5.
沙门氏菌PCR检测方法的建立 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
根据GenBank沙门氏菌侵袭蛋白A(invA)基因序列设计引物,扩增特异的202 bp核苷酸片段,经过优化PCR扩增条件,建立了沙门氏菌特异、敏感和快速的PCR检测方法。特异性试验结果表明,从沙门氏菌参考菌株中均能扩增出特异性的核苷酸片段,大肠杆菌、巴氏杆菌、金黄色葡萄菌、志贺氏菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、变形杆菌、绿脓杆菌的扩增结果均为阴性。敏感性试验结果表明,采用简便的直接煮沸裂解法制备样品DNA,该方法的敏感性可达2.43×103CFU/mL。 相似文献
6.
旨在分离鼠伤寒沙门菌烈性噬菌体,为控制该病原菌感染或污染提供生物制剂。以1株从市售散装牛奶中分离到的多重耐药性鼠伤寒沙门菌为宿主菌,采用人工诱导方法,连续1周每日给3只试验鸡饲喂宿主菌悬液,7 d后,采用双层琼脂平板法从试验鸡粪便中分离培养噬菌体,并对其效价、核酸类型、宿主谱、热稳定性与酸碱耐受性以及对鼠伤寒沙门菌感染小鼠的治疗效果进行分析。结果表明：分离到1株鼠伤寒沙门菌噬菌体,命名为KM104。该病毒在体外高效裂解同源宿主菌株及另1株受试鼠伤寒沙门菌,形成清晰透明、直径约1 mm圆形噬菌斑,核酸类型为DNA,基因组约为28 kb,最佳感染比（MOI）为1∶10,对宿主菌感染的潜伏期约为6 min,70 min时效价最高,达4.6×108 PFU·mL-1,在20~60℃、pH2.0~8.0范围内保持较高的生物学活性,并有效减轻鼠伤寒沙门菌引起的小鼠十二指肠组织损伤。结果提示,噬菌体KM104能在体内外高效裂解鼠伤寒沙门菌,且增殖迅速,对环境适应性强,其耐酸特性利于抵御胃酸的分解,具有应用于生物防治的潜力。 相似文献
7.
Development of probes to differentiate porcine circovirus types 1 and 2 in vitro by in situ hybridization 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1), a PK-15 cell line contaminant, and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), are genetically and antigenically related. Several techniques have been developed to detect PCV, including in situ hybridization (ISH). Previously reported probes used for ISH may hybridize with both PCV1 and PCV2 nucleic acids. We attempted to produce probes for ISH that can detect and differentiate PCV2 from PCV1 in PCV-infected cells. Riboprobes were synthesized from the sense and antisense strands of both open reading frames 1 and 2 (ORF1 and ORF2) of PCV2. At 42 and 58 degrees C, the ORF1 antisense probe hybridized with nucleic acid from both PCV1- and PCV2-infected cells. At 58 degrees C, the ORF2 antisense probe hybridized with PCV2 nucleic acid but not with PCV1 nucleic acid. The ORF1 and ORF2 sense probes bound only with PCV2 nucleic acid. Both antisense strand probes produced stronger signals than the sense strand probes. The results showed that the PCV2 ORF1 antisense probe is the most likely probe to detect both PCV types while the ORF2 antisense probe is capable of discriminating between PCV1 and PCV2. 相似文献
8.
为建立快速高通量检测实验动物质量相关布鲁菌、沙门菌、弓形虫3种病原体的方法,根据其序列设计引物及探针,探针经修饰后与荧光编码微球偶联,将偶联后的探针与PCR产物杂交反应,通过液相芯片检测仪(Luminex200)检测荧光信号,分析实验动物感染布鲁菌、沙门菌和弓形虫的情况。结果显示:初步建立了可同时检测布鲁菌、沙门菌和弓形虫的液相芯片检测方法,可特异地检测出3种目标病原的基因荧光信号,未检测出其他相关病原基因荧光信号;检测灵敏度达50拷贝/反应。本研究所建立的液相芯片检测方法可快速检测3种实验动物相关重要人兽共患病原体,对公共安全卫生保障、进出境实验动物检疫具有重要意义。 相似文献
9.
沙门氏菌通用PCR快速检测试剂盒的研制与应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据沙门氏菌fimY基因建立了用于检测沙门氏菌的通用PCR方法。对收集的A-F群标准菌株和临床分离的60株沙门氏菌分离株和11种非沙门氏菌进行PCR检测,采用2.0%琼脂糖电泳进行检测,结果所有沙门氏菌均扩增出526bp的特异性条带,而非沙门氏菌均未扩增出任何条带。通过电泳判定结果,该法可检出扩增体系中93cfu的沙门氏菌,还可检出含3cfu的样品用BP预增菌或MM增菌后的菌液。说明该方法敏感性高、特异性强。采用直接菌体加入法、热裂解、反复冻融、CTAB碱裂解法和柱式试剂盒提取法分别提取核酸模板,结果CTAB法效果最好,但操作烦琐,而直接菌体加入法和热裂解法可以达到和柱式试剂盒同样的效果,且操作简便快速、经济、效果好,值得推广应用。 相似文献
10.
为了提取、纯化天鹅源丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌脂多糖（LPS）并检测其活性,试验通过热酚水法提取丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌LPS,采用DNaseⅠ、RNase A和蛋白酶K及醇沉法纯化LPS,测定LPS提取物中多糖、蛋白及核酸的含量,鲎试剂检测凝集活性,显色基质法测定其活性。结果显示,纯化的丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌LPS平均产率为1.48%,多糖含量为3.84%,蛋白含量为1.49%,核酸含量为 5.45%,且核酸片段低于100 bp,SDS-PAGE电泳和银染结果显示条带主要集中在10～15 ku范围内,与2 EU/mL鲎试剂的最小凝集浓度是10.99 ng/mL,显色基质法测定其活性为9.82×105 EU/mg。该试验提取、纯化的丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌LPS纯度较高,生物活性良好。 相似文献
11.
Boyen F Haesebrouck F Vanparys A Volf J Mahu M Van Immerseel F Rychlik I Dewulf J Ducatelle R Pasmans F 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,132(3-4):319-327
Salmonella Typhimurium infections in pigs are a major source of human foodborne salmonellosis. To reduce the number of infected pigs, acidification of feed or drinking water is a common practice. The aim of the present study was to determine whether some frequently used short- (SCFA) and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) are able to alter virulence gene expression and to decrease Salmonella Typhimurium colonization and shedding in pigs using well established and controlled in vitro and in vivo assays. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 4 SCFA (formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid) and 2 MCFA (caproic and caprylic acid) were determined using 54 porcine Salmonella Typhimurium field strains. MIC values increased at increasing pH-values and were two to eight times lower for MCFA than for SCFA. Expression of virulence gene fimA was significantly lower when bacteria were grown in LB-broth supplemented with sub-MIC concentrations of caproic or caprylic acid (2 mM). Expression of hilA and invasion in porcine intestinal epithelial cells was significantly lower when bacteria were grown in LB-broth containing sub-MIC concentrations of butyric acid or propionic acid (10 mM) and caproic or caprylic acid (2 mM). When given as feed supplement to pigs experimentally infected with Salmonella Typhimurium, coated butyric acid decreased the levels of faecal shedding and intestinal colonization, but had no influence on the colonization of tonsils, spleen and liver. Uncoated fatty acids, however, did not influence fecal shedding, intestinal or tonsillar colonization in pigs. In conclusion, supplementing feed with certain coated fatty acids, such as butyric acid, may help to reduce the Salmonella load in pigs. 相似文献
12.
HRP直接标记属特异性基因探针检测沙门氏菌的研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
以活化辣根过氧化物酶复合物（ＨＲＰ—ＰＢＱ—ＰＥＩ＋—ＮＨ３＋）直接标记沙门氏菌属特异性ＤＮＡ探针ｐＬＳ２和ｐＬＳ３，探针与靶ＤＮＡ杂交后催化发光底物，经增强型化学发光反应（ＥＣＬ），用普通Ｘ光胶片自显影（ＣＰＤ）检测沙门氏菌。经狭缝杂交（Ｓｌｏｔｂｌｏｔ），该法标记探针均可检测到０．１ｐｇ的纯质粒ＤＮＡ及１０３个未经培养的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。Ｄｏｔ—ｂｌｏｔ杂交结果证明，ＨＲＰ标记的探针仅与沙门氏菌属细菌杂交，而与试验的其他肠道非沙门氏菌不杂交。本研究表明，ＨＲＰ直接标记基因探针化学发光自显影法检测沙门氏菌，安全、快速、简便，且有高度的敏感性和特异性，是一种有较大应用前景的非放射性标记探针杂交检测方法。 相似文献
13.
D Cavanagh 《Avian diseases》1986,30(1):12-18
Various properties of monoclonal antibody (MAB) and nucleic acid (NA) probes confer advantages over polyclonal antibodies in sera and permit the probes to be used to directly and rapidly detect small quantities of pathogens in body fluids, biopsy, or postmortem material. This makes it unnecessary to amplify the amount of pathogen by growth in vitro or to perform neutralization tests, procedures that are time-consuming. Even if pathogens are grown in vitro, highly specific MABs can be used in immunofluorescence tests to differentiate isolates to extents not possible using antisera. There has been much greater investment in the development of probes for the diagnosis of human disease than for veterinary disease, because of the greater commercial potential of the former. A number of factors work against the development and distribution of new probes, but most of these are only temporary impediments if demand is there. Even in human medicine, the application of new probes is in its infancy, and it is probable that it will be several years yet before probes achieve widespread use in avian diagnosis. However, the potential of some MAB and NA probes is too great to ignore. 相似文献
14.
Sun JS Hahn TW 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(3):285-291
Salmonella enterica includes several related serovars which have different host ranges and cause diseases of different severities. However, their pathogenic potential is unknown, and it is not clear what mechanisms are activated or inhibited during adaptation to a specific host environment. Some proteins are involved in the mechanism of pathogenicity at a molecular level and provide the functional aspects that create the diverse phenotypes. To compare proteomic analyses of the total proteins of Salmonella Enteriditis (SE), Typhimurium (ST), and Gallinarum (SG), two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) was performed using a pH 4-10 immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strip, and some proteins were identified by mass spectrometry (MS). After staining the gels, the proteins that were expressed at 10-fold or higher levels compared to other spots on the gel were characterized. Some of the identified proteins were related to virulence, such as β-lactamase, RfbH protein, and shikimate kinase. Additionally, there was a high level of variation between serovars despite the similarities in the expression patterns. Furthermore, this study shows that 2-DGE combined with MS is a useful tool for identifying proteins differentially expressed between serovars with different host ranges and pathogenic potential. 相似文献
15.
In this article, through the combination of nucleic acid probes and immune chromatography, a simple, sensitive and specific detection system——nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay (NALFIA) for amplifing foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3D RT-PCR products was established.An ultrasensitive nucleic acid biosensor (NAB) based on streptavidin-labeled gold nanoparticles dual labels and lateral flow strip biosensor (LFSB) were used in this system.The biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG was marked to the NC membrane as the alleged strip and the anti-digoxin antibody was labeled to the NC membrane to capture the digoxin probe.After assemblying gold-labeled strip and detecting RT-PCR products, the detection limit of NALFIA was 0.3×10-3 to 3×10-3 μg/μL.The NALFIA was compared with agar gel electrophoresis analysis, the results showed that the sensitivity of NALFIA was higher than agar gel electrophoresis.There was an excellent agreement between the two methods.NALFIA was a method with high sensitive, low cost and short time.In conclusion, this method provided a good alternative to detect FMDV. 相似文献
16.
P S Paul 《Veterinary microbiology》1990,24(3-4):409-417
Nucleic acid probe technology is increasingly being used in basic research in veterinary microbiology and in diagnosis of infectious diseases of veterinary importance. This review presents an overview of nucleic acid probe methodology and its applications in veterinary infectious diseases. The major applications of nucleic acid probes include detection of pathogens in clinical samples, especially those organisms which are fastidious and difficult to cultivate, differentiation of virulent from avirulent organisms and vaccine strains from wild type isolates, typing of microorganisms, mapping genes, screening libraries of cloned DNA for specific genes, detection of latently infected or carrier animals, study of mechanisms of pathogenesis, epidemiological studies and food safety. 相似文献
17.
P R Jackson J M Lawrie J M Stiteler D W Hawkins J A Wohlhieter E D Rowton 《Veterinary parasitology》1986,20(1-3):195-215
Leishmania parasites from animals, man or insect vectors were characterized by the gel electrophoresis of restriction endonuclease enzyme-produced mitochondrial (kinetoplast) DNA (kDNA) fragments and/or by DNA-DNA hybridization with 32P-labelled cloned, or uncloned, kDNA fragment probes from type isolates. The electrophoretic separation of kDNA fragments is a sensitive method for detecting genetic similarities and differences among Leishmania. Parasites with similar kDNA restriction fragment patterns belong to the same schizodeme and schizodeme analysis is useful for studying Leishmania populations. Cloned, species-specific kDNA probes detected Leishmania in sandflies and in liver, spleen or blood preparations from infected animals. Cloned DNA probes also hybridized to immobilized kDNA from in vitro cultivated promastigotes and detected as few as 100 parasites in a species-specific manner. Sensitive DNA hybridization probes should be useful in research on the immunology, chemotherapy or epidemiology of animal and human leishmaniasis. 相似文献
18.
E J Dubovi 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1992,15(3):155-162
The various measures of genetic variation of BVD virus was reviewed with emphasis on the implications for future control of virus-induced disease and diagnosis. While experimental data does not support unique serotypes for BVDV, there is substantial antigenic variation among the isolates examined. This variation may permit fetal infections even in animals assumed to be well vaccinated. The genetic differences between cytopathic and noncytopathic strains of BVDV are expressed in infected cells by the production of a p80 protein by cytopathic strains. In addition, cellular gene inserts have been detected in cytopathic strains. Monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated a high degree of diversity with the pestivirus population. Grouping of BVDV isolates by monoclonal antibody analysis is suggestive at best. The use of nucleic acid probes as diagnostic reagents has been compromised by the nucleic acid sequence variation found in the BVDV isolates tested. 相似文献
19.
20.
Hasegawa A Hara-Kudo Y Kumagai S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(9):1163-1168
Acidic and osmotic treatments are part of hurdle systems to control pathogens such as Salmonella in food. In the current study, Salmonella enterica isolates previously shown to differ in their ability to form biofilms were grown in diluted tryptic soy broth (TSB) (1:5 dilution in distilled water) and subsequently exposed to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) adjusted to pH 3.0 with HCl, PBS adjusted to pH 3.9 with acetic acid or rice vinegar diluted 1:15 with distilled water (pH 3.9). Cells grown in diluted TSB were also exposed to distilled water, pH 7.6, containing 5 M NaCl. No differences in survival upon exposure to PBS adjusted to pH 3.0 with HCl or distilled water containing high salt were observed between the isolates; however, exposure to acetic acid and rice vinegar resulted in lower survival levels of isolates previously shown to be poor biofilm formers. The numbers (log(10) cfu/ml) of surviving cells after exposure for 36 hr to acetic acid and rice vinegar were 4.43 ± 0.24 vs. 2.27 ± 0.87 (P<0.05) and 5.19 ± 0.12 vs. 2.33 ± 0.93 (P<0.05) for isolates with a high vs. low biofilm-forming ability. The survival data could be fitted with the Weibull model. The data suggest that the ability of Salmonella strains to survive in the presence of acetic acid and rice vinegar parallels their ability to form biofilms. Thus, Salmonella with a high biofilm-formation capability might be more difficult to kill with acetic acid found in foods or cleaning solutions. 相似文献