共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Murray R. Woodbury Brent Wagner Elad Ben-Ezra Dale Douma Wendy Wilkins 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2014,55(9):870-874
An egg count survey using environmental fecal samples obtained in spring or early summer was conducted to estimate the apparent prevalence of Toxocara vitulorum in unweaned bison calves and of other intestinal parasites in adult bison on 98 farms in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Calf samples were pooled (maximum 5 samples per pool) by farm and positive pools were examined to determine individual T. vitulorum counts. Toxocara vitulorum eggs were found on 4 farms in Manitoba and none in Saskatchewan. Apparent herd-level prevalence estimates were 12% [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 3.4% to 28.2%] and 0% (95% CI: 0% to 5.7%) respectively. Samples from adult bison contained eggs/oocysts from trichostrongyle species, Eimeria sp., Monieza sp., Capillaria sp., Nematodirus sp. and Trichuris sp. in 100%, 95%, 72%, 13%, 13%, and 5% of herds, respectively. Strongyloides sp. were not found in any herd. Further studies are needed to assess parasite distribution patterns in bison and to evaluate the risk that T. vitulorum may pose to bison, cattle, and wildlife. 相似文献
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Sera from 100 herds of cattle located in the state of Washington were examined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody to Fasciola hepatica in a screening procedure that included 5 to 10 samples/herd. Twenty-eight herds contained infected cattle and F hepatica was most prevalent in 3 distinct geographic areas. Subsequent retesting of all sera available from 14 herds (mean of 109 samples/herd) revealed that the screening procedure correctly detected 7 of 7 operations in which greater than 40% of samples were positive or suspect and 3 of 3 operations in which 12% to 13% of the samples were positive or suspect. One of 3 herds considered negative after screening was found to contain a few (7%) positive samples and 1 herd considered possibly infected was negative on retest. These results were compared with those obtained by fecal examination for F hepatica eggs in 9 of the 14 herds. A good correlation (5 of 5) was found in which a high percentage (48% to 85%) of sera were positive or suspect. Fasciola eggs were not found in samples from 2 herds with few (7% to 12%) positive or suspect sera or in 2 herds that were negative by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 相似文献
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为了掌握源于安徽省金寨县牛羊肠道寄生虫感染情况,对该地区展开病原学调查,以期为该地区牛羊寄生虫病防治与诊断工作提供理论依据。该调查主要采用直接涂片法、饱和食盐水漂浮法对在金寨县的4个乡（镇）7个不同养殖场（2个牛养殖场和5个羊养殖场）采集的50份牛羊粪便进行检查,并根据形态学特征对所获得的虫卵和幼虫进行归类。经过对调查样本的检查结果显示共查出8种寄生虫,分别为犊新蛔虫、古柏线虫、扩展莫尼茨线虫、大片形吸虫、食道口线虫、夏伯特线虫、捻转血矛线虫、前后盘吸虫等。由此可见,安徽省金寨县牛羊寄生虫感染还是比较严重,因此需采取相应的防治措施。 相似文献
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Infections with internal parasites are one of the most important causes of reduced productivity in first-grazing season cattle (FGSC). In conventional herds, nematode infections can be controlled by prophylactic anthelmintic treatments, but this is prohibited in organic production. The purpose of this investigation was to monitor the status of internal parasitism on 15 organic cattle enterprises in southwestern Sweden during the 1997 and 1998 grazing seasons, and to estimate the benefits of some management practices in parasite control. On each farm, the numbers of Eimeria alabamensis oocysts per gram of (opg) faeces were counted in seven fresh dung pats collected from the paddock 8-10 days after the turnout of FGSC. Faecal samples from 5 to 15 FGSC were also analysed for nematode eggs per gram (epg) faeces at four occasions during each grazing season. In addition, the FGSC and one group of second-grazing season cattle (SGSC) were weighed at turnout and housing and at the same time blood samples were collected, and analysed for serum pepsinogen concentration and antibodies against the lungworm, Dictyocaulus viviparus. On seven farms, 1-6 samples with more than 100000 opg were found, indicating considerable pasture contamination by E. alabamensis. However, clinical signs of coccidiosis were not observed. The highest outputs of nematode eggs were observed 45-55 days after turnout. More than 500 epg were only observed in 12 (2.2%) of the calves in 1997 and in three (0.6%) animals in 1998. Only 1% of the serum samples had pepsinogen values exceeding 3.6 U tyrosine, indicative of subclinical Ostertagia ostertagi infection. Lungworm infection was detected in five and nine herds in 1997 and 1998, respectively. The number of seropositive animals on these farms ranged between one (10%) and seven (70%). Clinical signs of dictyocaulosis were observed on two farms. The results indicate that dictyocaulosis is a problem in organic dairy herds in Sweden. On the other hand, the study shows that good management such as usage of parasite safe pastures and supplementary feeding may help control gastrointestinal parasites. 相似文献
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Sarashina T Uzuka Y Tanabe S Oku Y Watanabe Y Kurosawa N Nishimura M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(8):873-875
Fecal survey of Eimeria oocysts and parasite eggs was conducted for 219 fecal samples of free-ranging Grus japonensis in Kushiro district in Hokkaido in April 2003. Positive rate and mean oocysts (or eggs) per gram in positive samples were 26% (57/219) and 8.8 (0.2-136) in oocysts of Eimeria reichenowi, 18.3% (40/219) and 320 (100-1,000) in trematode eggs, 0.1% (2/219) and 0.2 (0.2-0.3) in eggs of Nematoda A, and 4.1% (9/219) and 0.8 (0.2-3.6) in eggs of Nematoda B, respectively. 相似文献
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Margarita PapazahariadouElias Papadopoulos DVM MSc PhD Dipl EVPC Anastasia DiakouSocrates Ptochos DVM 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2009
The aim of this investigation was to compare parasites found in feces from stabled and grazing horses in Greece. For this, a total of 223 fecal samples were collected from horses from various parts of Central and Northern Greece. One hundred fifty were stabled and 73 were grazing horses, used for riding, working, or breeding. One hundred came from seven riding clubs, 73 from one breeding farm, and 50 were work horses from five farms. Parasitologic investigation was performed by applying three fecal examination techniques (Teleman's, zinc flotation, and stained smears) to detect ova, larvae, and oocysts of parasites. It was found that 77 the 223 horses (34.5%) in the study were infected with one or more parasite species. In the stabled horses, the most common parasites detected were eggs of strongyles, Strongyloides spp, Anoplocephala spp, Habronema spp, and Parascaris equorum and oocysts of Eimeria spp and Cryptosporidium spp; in the grazing horses, Anoplocephala spp. Strongyles were significantly more prevalent in the group of stabled horses than in the other group (P < .05). The results of the current study demonstrate that parasite infection is highly prevalent in horses in Greece. 相似文献
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R D Welch P H Smith J B Malone R A Holmes J P Geaghan 《American journal of veterinary research》1987,48(3):345-347
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated as a method of determining relative immunoconversion rates in calves and how immunoconversion rates and strength of optical density values correlate with prevalence of Fasciola hepatica fecal egg shedding. Ten to 55 calves and cows were examined from each of 10 separate beef cattle herds in central and southern Louisiana. Infection prevalence rates for calves averaged 8% higher when ELISA optical density values were used than those when fecal egg count data were used. Of 55 calves in 8 herds that were ELISA positive, 39 were shedding F hepatica eggs; of 53 calves that were shedding eggs, 14 were ELISA negative. Significant correlation of calf fecal and ELISA prevalence was observed for 8 herds by linear regression analysis. A chi 2 analysis showed that calf ELISA and fecal egg shedding data were not independent. Results indicate that positive ELISA reactions for as few as 10 to 15 calves from the fall calf crop of a given herd are sufficiently accurate to be used to assess F hepatica herd infection rates, the likelihood of liver condemnations at feedlot destinations, and variation between individual farms in fascioliasis infection risk. The test was less valuable as a diagnostic test when used in adult animals previously exposed to F hepatica or on an individual animal basis. 相似文献
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【目的】调查广东省内部分地区马匹寄生虫感染情况,探索区域内马匹寄生虫感染优势虫种、感染情况和耐药情况,为区域内马肠道寄生虫病的防治提供参考。【方法】采用饱和食盐溶液漂浮法和饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对广东省内7个城市24个马术俱乐部375份新鲜马粪样品进行处理,光学显微镜下观察虫卵/卵囊的形态结构特征并进行分类,并根据麦氏计数法计算每克粪便中虫卵/卵囊数(EPG),统计感染率和感染强度。对EPG>500的阳性样本进行粪便虫卵减少量计数试验(FECRT),以评估各马术俱乐部流行寄生虫耐药情况。提取5份<1岁幼驹的粪便样本DNA,利用巢式PCR检测样品是否存在隐孢子虫感染。【结果】375份样品中有120份样品呈寄生虫虫卵/卵囊阳性,总感染率为32.00%。共检出4种肠道寄生虫,分别为圆线虫、马副蛔虫、类圆线虫和马蛲虫,总感染率分别为30.40%、3.70%、0.80%和0.30%。1～4岁马匹感染率显著高于其他年龄段(P<0.05),但不同性别马匹寄生虫感染情况无显著差异(P>0.05)。受调查马匹感染强度以低排卵(EPG<200)为主,占马匹总数83.47%。FEC... 相似文献
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Hoar BR Atwill ER Elmi C Utterback WW Edmondson AJ 《American journal of veterinary research》1999,60(11):1352-1356
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether sampling feces off the ground replicates prevalence estimates for specific pathogens obtained from fecal samples collected per rectum of adult cows, and to determine characteristics of feces on the ground (fecal pats) that are associated with subsequent identification of Campylobacter spp, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Giardia duodenalis. ANIMALS: A random sample of adult beef cattle from 25 herds located throughout California. PROCEDURE: 1,115 rectal and ground fecal samples were obtained. Samples were submitted for culture of Campylobacter spp and examined, using a direct fluorescent antibody assay, to detect C parvum oocysts and G duodenalis cysts. Characteristics of fecal pats, such as volume and consistency, were recorded. RESULTS: Prevalence of Campylobacter spp was 5.0% (20/401) for rectal fecal samples, which was significantly greater than prevalence determined for ground fecal samples (2/402; 0.5%). Most isolates were C jejuni subsp jejuni. Prevalence of C parvum was higher in rectal fecal samples (6/557; 1.1%) than in ground fecal samples (1/558; 0.2%), but this difference was not significant. Prevalence of G duodenalis did not differ for rectal (36/557; 6.5%) versus ground (26/558; 4.7%) fecal samples. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Evaluation of ground fecal samples may not accurately indicate the prevalence of Campylobacter spp or C parvum in cattle but may reflect prevalence of G duodenalis. Differences in prevalence estimates between the 2 methods suggest inactivation of pathogens in feces after cattle have defecated. Prevalence estimates generated by evaluation of ground fecal samples, however, may more accurately estimate environmental pathogen burden. 相似文献
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PCR方法检测奶牛粪便中鼠隐孢子虫 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
从含有鼠隐孢子虫卵囊的奶牛粪便中,直接提取 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 用作 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 模板,用 １ 对人工合成的寡核苷酸作为 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 引物,扩增大小为 ５４０ ｂｐ 的特异片段。 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 产物经电泳鉴定,表明可从含隐孢子卵囊的奶牛粪便标本 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 抽提物中扩增出目的片段,而其他几种寄生虫及阴性对照均不能扩增出特异片段。本方法的敏感性最低可检测到含卵囊 ４００ 个／ｍ Ｌ 的样本,具有敏感性高、特异性强的特点。 相似文献
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Murray Jelinski Emily Lanigan John Gilleard Cheryl Waldner Grant Royan 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2016,57(2):160-163
A survey of gastrointestinal parasites in Saskatchewan beef herds was conducted over the summer of 2014. Fecal samples were collected on 3 occasions during the summer grazing season from beef cows and calves from 14 herds. The mean number of strongylid eggs per gram of feces recovered from calves increased 9-fold (95% CI: 4.5 to 18) over the summer period, while egg counts in the cows remained constant over the same period. The prevalence and infection intensities of gastrointestinal nematode parasites in cow-calf herds in Saskatchewan were comparable to what is seen in cattle grazing in the northern regions of the United States and for which anthelmintic treatments have resulted in positive production benefits. 相似文献
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Atwill ER Johnson EM Pereira MG 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1999,215(12):1833-1838
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of herd demographics, parturition variables, stocking rate, and rotational grazing practices with the probability of fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum from beef cow-calf herds in California. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SAMPLE POPULATION: 38 beef cow-calf operations. PROCEDURE: Fecal specimens were collected and examined for C parvum oocysts, using immunofluorescent microscopy. Association between various demographic and management factors and the probability of shedding C parvum were statistically evaluated. RESULTS: Adjusted for age and month of collection of a fecal sample, cattle from herds with a high number of young calves (< or = 2 months old) on the day of sample collection, a high stocking rate (No. of cattle/acre/mo), or a longer calving season were more likely to shed C parvum oocysts, compared with cattle from herds with fewer young calves, a lower stocking rate, or a shorter calving season. Cattle from herds with a higher number of older calves (> 2 months old) on the day of sample collection were less likely to shed C parvum oocysts, compared with cattle from herds with fewer older calves. Using our multivariate model, rotational grazing systems or season of onset of calving were not associated with shedding status for C parvum oocysts. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Reproductive management that would result in a shorter calving season and use of a lower stocking rate for cattle may be associated with reduced risk of C parvum shedding. Intensive rotational grazing systems and time of year for onset of calving season apparently have little effect on reducing prevalence of oocyst shedding. 相似文献
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Over a 3.5-year period, fecal samples from 1322 cats from two shelters and affiliated foster homes in upstate New York were processed for parasite detection by both 1.18spg zinc sulfate and 1.3spg sugar double centrifugal flotation. In 50.9% of the samples at least one parasite was detected. Overall, 18 different parasites ranging in prevalence from 0.2% to 21% were recovered. The most prevalent parasites of foster and shelter cats in this study were Cystoisospora species and Toxocara cati (21% prevalence, each). In order of percentage of positive samples, other findings were: Giardia species (8.9%), Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (6.2%), taeniid eggs (3.9%), Cryptosporidium species (3.8%), Aonchotheca species (3.7%), Eucoleus species (2.3%), Ancylostoma species (2.2%), Cheyletiella species (2.0%), Dipylidium caninum (1.1%), Otodectes species, Toxoplasma-like oocysts and Sarcocystis species (0.8% each), Demodex and Spirometra species (0.4% each), and Alaria species and Felicola subrostratus (0.2% each). 相似文献
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为了解河南省尧山白山羊肠道寄生虫感染情况,本试验采用离心沉淀法、卢戈氏碘液染色法、饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对河南省鲁山县某羊场尧山白山羊的63份新鲜粪便样品进行检查。结果共查出17种肠道寄生虫,总感染率为98.4%,分别为艾美耳球虫(9种)、隐孢子虫、贾第虫、阿米巴原虫、圆线虫、细颈线虫、鞭虫、莫尼茨绦虫和吸虫,其中以球虫感染率最高,为95.2%。对检出球虫进行种类鉴定,发现9种艾美耳属球虫,多呈混合感染,最多可达5种。结果表明,该品种羊肠道寄生虫较为普遍,且存在人兽共患寄生虫,应加强其综合防控措施。 相似文献
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为了解规模化舍饲湖羊消化道寄生虫感染情况,本研究应用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法、饱和盐水漂浮法、卢戈氏碘液染色法、离心沉淀法和麦克马斯特氏计数法等对采自河南部分地区规模化全舍饲湖羊养殖场共计553份粪便样品进行了调查。调查结果显示：寄生虫总感染率高达97.47%,75.23%的样品混合感染,样品混合感染的寄生虫种类最多为5种;共查到球虫、隐孢子虫、贾第虫、阿米巴、鞭虫、圆线虫和绦虫7种寄生虫,感染率分别为90.42%、0.90%、4.88%、65.64%、12.48%、42.13%和4.88%;感染强度最大的为球虫,每克粪便的卵囊数（OPG）最高达652 000,其次为圆线虫,每克粪便的虫卵数（EPG）最高为7 000;湖羊消化道寄生虫感染无明显的年龄、性别差异（P>0.05）;季节流行动态显示,春、夏、秋三季的寄生虫感染率与冬季相比有较大差异。以上结果说明,湖羊消化道寄生虫感染较为普遍,应采取有效的综合防控措施,以保障羊群的健康发展。 相似文献
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Ho SY Watanabe Y Lee YC Shih TH Tu WJ Ooi HK 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(1):69-70
Intestinal helminth and protozoan infection in the quarantined dogs in Taiwan were examined using fecal examination between January to December, 2004. Of the 376 dogs imported from 11 countries, 63 (16.8%) were found to be infected with at least one species of intestinal parasite. The parasites detected were oocysts of Isospora canis and eggs of Toxocara canis, Trichuris vulpis and hookworms. Of the 63 infected dogs, 11 were found to have a mixed infection of two different species of parasites. This paper illustrates that parasites are transmitted from one country to another through the transport of animals. Moreover, there is also a possibility of parasitic infection among quarantined dogs as well as the zoonotic potential for quarantine officers during the quarantine period. 相似文献
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A survey of gastrointestinal parasites of nonhuman primates in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, was conducted during July and August 1989. Fresh fecal samples collected from 35 baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis) and 20 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) were analyzed for intestinal parasites. Parasite identifications were based upon the size and appearance of eggs and larvae on both direct and fecal flotation examinations. Seven species of helminths and three species of protozoa were noted in the chimpanzees, and seven species of helminths, two species of trematodes, and one species of protozoa were noted in baboons. An unidentified parasite, with a thick egg shell similar to that of ascarids, was noted in both the chimpanzee and baboon population. Unfortunately a definitive identification of this parasite could not be made based upon egg size and morphology alone and insufficient numbers of larva were present to aid identification. One previously unreported parasite, Schistosoma mansoni, was identified in the baboon population. This is the first report of a schistosome in Gombe's nonhuman primate population. 相似文献