共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
W. E. Hillis 《Wood Science and Technology》1998,32(2):129-137
Summary The heartshakes of some species can contain deposits of inorganic, metal organic, resinous or organic compounds in a pure or concentrated condition. The type of deposit in different genera is discussed. Morphological and chemical examinations have been made of the deposits in the heartshakes ofIntsia bijuga, Dacrydium spp.,Anisoptera curtisii, Pinus elliotii andOrites excelsa. The deposits were of a benzenoid or terpenoid nature or aluminium succinate.I thank Mr. R. Wearne for organic analyses 相似文献
2.
A. Lehtijärvi H. T. Doğmuş‐Lehtijärvi A. G. Aday Kaya S. Ünal S. Woodward 《Forest Pathology》2017,47(6)
Although several Armillaria species have been reported in Turkey, there is little information about their ecology in Turkish forests. In this study, we investigated five forest stands, approximately 5–74 ha in size, in Kastamonu province in the Black Sea Region of Turkey for the presence of Armillaria species in stumps and logs. The stands were mixed Abies nordmanniana ssp. bornmülleriana and Pinus sylvestris forests managed using a selective cuttings system; the proportion of fir in the total number of stems and stumps ranged from 36 to 98%. Based on sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer and intergenic spacer regions of the rDNA, all rhizomorphs sampled from the stumps and logs were of Armillaria ostoyae. The size of the genets was estimated with random amplified microsatellites analysis of the isolates and ranged from single stumps to approximately 450 m2. One to seven genets were found in each stand. These results indicate that the genets had arisen from spores and vegetative spread was limited on most sites. 相似文献
3.
4.
植物经常暴露在各种生物和非生物的胁迫之下,这些胁迫会影响植物的生长发育和繁殖并最终导致植物死亡。为了抵御不利的环境条件,植物已经进化出复杂而精细的网络来感知胁迫并激活防御系统。为此,植物激活许多信号转导通路,这些信号转导通路可以改变一些胁迫响应基因的表达,从而引起植物形态、生理和生化的改变以适应逆境。DNA胞嘧啶甲基化是高等真核生物的主要表观遗传机制之一,在维持基因组稳定性和调节基因表达方面起着关键作用。表观遗传变异比遗传变异更为灵活。一旦环境条件发生变化,为了适应新的环境植物都会发生表观遗传的改变。许多研究表明DNA甲基化参与植物的发育和应激反应。基于相关研究对DNA甲基化进行了综述,对植物逆境胁迫有重要意义。 相似文献
5.
栎属植物遗传多样性研究进展* 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
综述了栎属植物种复合体（Complex)、种以及群体在表现型、同工酶和DNA3个水平上遗传多样性的最新研究进展。根据国内的研究现状，提出了当前我国栎属植物资源保存与利用研究中存在的问题以及今后的研究重点。 相似文献
6.
W. E. Hillis 《Wood Science and Technology》1998,32(2):139-143
Summary Crystalline or almost pure organic compounds can be formed either alone or with two or three related compounds in juxtaposition in shakes in central heartwood. The compounds may not always be present in the more complex extractives formed at the heartwood periphery. The largest amounts of deposits are in the innermost or widest portion of the shake. No evidence could be found of a source of substrate, energy or specific enzymes necessary for the selective biosynthesis of these deposits. They are considered to be formedin situ by an undetermined mechanism during enlargement of the shake. 相似文献
7.
通过对上海松江中央公园内65株特大银杏树白蚁为害情况的调查,发现该公园银杏受害率为100%,其中存在活白蚁的银杏占总量的56.9%,采用毒土处理、粉剂疗法、建立白蚁监测点等措施,经过两次灭杀,活白蚁的灭杀率达到92.3%和93.3%,从而使存在活白蚁银杏树的比例从56.9%下降到2.7%,白蚁发生情况明显降低。
相似文献
8.
Despite the widely accepted idea that shaded plantations are valuable habitats for Neotropical migrants in disturbed landscapes, little empirical evidence is available in relation to the quality of this habitat for Neotropical-Nearctic migratory birds in the Andes. We evaluated the suitability of shaded plantations for overwintering Neotropical-Nearctic migratory birds by examining diurnal and seasonal variation in body condition of migrants in these agroforests in the Andes. During October to April 2008–2009 and 2009–2010, we mist-netted eight species of Neotropical-Nearctic migrants in shaded plantations in the Colombian Andes. Body condition improved throughout the day for Cerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea), Blackburnian Warbler (Setophaga fusca), Tennessee Warbler (Leiothlypis peregrina), and especially Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis). Similarly, body condition improved across the season for Tennessee Warbler, Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus), and Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra). Our results provided additional evidence that several common Neotropical migrants, including species of conservation concern such as Cerulean Warbler and Canada Warbler, may improve their body condition in shaded plantations. However, about half of the species assessed in this study did not show any significant improvement in their body condition (e.g. Red-eyed Vireo). Furthermore, on average, species were in poor condition (i.e. body condition scores were negative) in these coffee farms. Thus, the extent to which this agricultural system represents high quality habitat should be looked with caution. Overall, our data contribute novel information on daily patterns of body condition improvement for several common migratory birds in Andean shaded plantations. 相似文献
9.
Major changes in Mediterranean forests have occurred in recent decades, mainly as a result of the abandonment of traditional
activities and population decline in rural areas. In this study, we analyzed the short-term (11-year) evolution of forests
in the region of Catalonia (NE Spain) and the role of management, by comparing seven biodiversity indicators estimated from
7,664 plots from the Second and Third Spanish National Forest Inventory. We evaluated the changes in unmanaged and managed
stands with different silvicultural treatments, and considered the effect of stand density and land ownership on these dynamics.
We found a general naturalization and maturation of forests and an increase in all of the biodiversity indicators investigated
during the study period, with the increments being greater in unmanaged than in managed plots. Some types of silvicultural
treatments, such as selection cutting or thinning, were shown to be compatible with an increase in the analyzed indicators,
and thus were more adequate for a multifunctional management that considers forest production together with the maintenance
or improvement of the diversity of forest communities. The increases in shrub species richness and in the number of large-diameter
trees after silvicultural treatments were more prominent in dense stands. Private lands presented greater short-term increases
than public forests in all biodiversity indicators, except for large-diameter trees. From these results, we concluded that
the application of silvicultural treatments can be a key tool to shape and maintain diverse and healthy forest structures
in the context of socioeconomic and environmental changes in the Mediterranean region, which may induce potentially excessive
densification and homogenization of some forest stands and landscapes. 相似文献
10.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(6):530-542
Abstract The success of natural regeneration on patch clear-cuts in Norway spruce stands in Southern Finland was examined in terms of stocking and tree height. The experiment was established in mature spruce stands in the submesic Myrtillus (MT) site type. In each of the eight study sites, three plots were treated with clear-cutting and planting, clear-cutting with partial tree retention and planting, and patch clear-cutting without site preparation, respectively. In three of the study sites, one plot with patch clear-cutting and site preparation was established. Each plot was 1 ha, out of which three patches of 40×40 m were clear-cut in the patch treatments. 10–11 years after cutting, the patches had on average 1316 crop trees ha–1, of which 91% were spruces. Some 27% of the stands were up to the target stocking level (≥1600 ha?1), and 36% were at least satisfactory (≥1300 ha?1). Site preparation did not yield greater stocking levels on patches, but that result is ambiguous due to a difference in initial stocking. The average spruce tree height in the patches (0.76 m) was much smaller than in the case of clear-cutting and planting (2.42 m). In conclusion, the patches had been restocked tolerably well with spruce and birch for practical purposes during the 10- to 11-year period, but the regeneration process had been very slow compared to clear-cutting and planting. 相似文献
11.
Thang Nguyen Toan Lam Vu Tien Son Nguyen Huy Van Do Tran Van Thuyet Dang Trung Phung Dinh Sam Pham Dinh Quy Tran Hoang Phuong Nguyen Thi Thu Huyen Ly Thi Thanh Thinh Nguyen Huu Van Tuan Nguyen Duc Dao Trung Ha Dang Thi Hai Trung Duong Quang Luong Ho Trung Anh Nguyen Thi Hoai 《New Forests》2020,51(5):835-847
Fineroots (≤ 2 mm diameter) are dynamic components of the forest ecosystems and play important role in water and nutrient acquisition in forests. These roots are sensitive to forest fertilization and therefore, the response of fineroots to nutrient application would provide better understanding of the forest carbon and nutrient dynamics that will be helpful in sustainable forest management plans. Two fertilization treatments, including (1) F400: 400 g P2O5 (16.5%)/tree and (2) F600: 600 g P2O5 /tree, and F0: control (without fertilization), were applied in an Acacia mangium plantation with a planting density of 1100 trees/ha (3 m?×?3 m). The evaluation of fineroot growth across seasons showed that fertilization significantly increased production and subsequent mortality and decomposition. The total decomposition associated with F600 application was 7.95 tons ha?1 year?1, equaling 121% of F400 and 160% of the control. Mortality in F600 was 8.75 tons ha?1 year?1, equaling 111% of F400 and 198% of F0, while production in F600 was 10.40 tons ha?1 year?1, equaling 127% of F400 and 143% of F0. Fineroot production, mortality, and decomposition are seasonally dependent, with higher values measured in the rainy season than in the dry season. Stand basal area increment was significantly correlated with fineroot production (R2?=?0.75), mortality (R2?=?0.44), and decomposition (R2?=?0.48). This study showed that fertilization could facilitate fineroot production, which can then lead to a higher turnover of carbon and nutrients through the decomposition of the greater mass of the fineroots.
相似文献12.
13.
14.
被子植物的性别分化对遗传多样性、子代和环境适应有着巨大的贡献。在自然界中广泛存在单性花物种,单性花形成是避免自交、促进异交、保持遗传多样性和避免雌雄功能干扰的重要途径。单性花物种分布于不同的进化分支上表明被子植物性别分化可能存在性别多样性的进化途径和复杂的调控网络机制。因此,性别分化机制研究具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。性别分化和表达研究涉及形态学、生物化学、细胞学和分子遗传学等研究领域,在查阅近年来国内外文献的基础上,本文主要从4个方面对性别分化相关研究进行系统总结:1)单性花形成源于两性花祖先,主要是通过两性花中性器官缺失或者退化2条系统进化途径形成。从花着生部位和结构来看,单性花分为雌雄异花同株和雌雄异花异株,而且单性花的外部形态结构具有多样性;以花发育过程中划分的发育阶段来看,单性花的表型特征形成于4个发育阶段,即阶段0(性器官原基出现之前)、阶段1(性器官原基发育早期)、阶段2(减数分裂之前)和阶段3(减数分裂之后),而且已有处于发育阶段0、1和3物种的性别调控机制被发现和证实。2)赤霉素、生长素和乙烯等六大类植物激素在性别分化调控过程扮演着重要的角色,赤霉素主要具有促进雄蕊发育,而生长素、细胞分裂素和乙烯主要是促进心皮的生长,同时,已有相关激素的调控机制被阐明,如乙烯合成途径调控性别分化。3)了解不同类型单性花性器官缺失或者败育的遗传分子基础,整合已经鉴定的各物种中与性别相关或者性别决定基因,阐述DNA甲基化和小分子RNA等表观遗传调控性别形成的机制以及XY系统、X[DK]∶A系统和ZW染色体系统调控性别分化的模式。4)环境因素如温度、光照以及矿质营养等对植物性别分化的影响。本文旨在对于现有基于性别分化的相关研究进行总结,对单性花发育的不同调控机制进行回顾和梳理,了解性别分化的最新研究现状和成果,促进对性别表达途径及其系统发育进化的理解,为性别分化的调控机制提供理论基础和依据,也为进一步探索植物性别分化新思路提供参考。 相似文献
15.
The characteristic decline in height growth that occurs over a tree's lifespan is often called "age-related decline." But is the reduction in height growth in aging trees a function of age or of size? We grafted shoot tips across different ages and sizes of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees to determine whether the decline in height growth is mediated by tree size or by the age of the apical meristem. We also evaluated whether reduced carbon assimilation plays an important role in height growth decline. In one experiment we cut shoot tips from old-growth, young-mature and seedling trees and grafted them onto 2-year-old graft-compatible rootstock in a seed orchard in Lebanon, Oregon. In another experiment we performed reciprocal grafts between lateral branches of old-growth trees accessible from the canopy crane at Wind River, Washington and young-mature trees in a nearby plantation. We measured growth (diameter and elongation of the dominant new stem) and mortality annually for three years in the Seed Orchard experiment and for two years in the Reciprocal Graft experiment. In the Seed Orchard experiment we also measured photosynthetic capacity (determined from the response of net carbon assimilation to the intercellular CO(2) concentration of the leaf, or A/C(i) curves), leaf mass per area (LMA) and carbon isotope composition (delta(13)C) of cellulose in 1-year-old foliage. Grafting caused changes in both growth and physiology of the grafted stems. Within two years after grafting, growth and physiology of all combinations of scions and rootstock exhibited characteristics of the rootstock. In some cases, the change in growth was dramatic-cuttings from old-growth trees showed a 10-fold increase in stem elongation rate within 2 years of grafting onto seedling rootstock. Similarly, carbon isotope discrimination of new foliage on shoots from old-growth trees increased by nearly 3 per thousand and 2 per thousand after grafting onto young-mature and seedling rootstock, respectively, whereas discrimination decreased by a similar magnitude in scions from young-mature trees after grafting on old- growth trees. Furthermore, differences in carbon assimilation estimated from carbon isotope discrimination and A/C(i )relationships were small relative to growth differences. Our results confirm that size, not age, drives developmental changes in height growth in Douglas-fir. Reduced carbon assimilation does not play an important role in height growth decline. 相似文献
16.
Keisuke Kojiro Yuzo Furuta Makoto Ohkoshi Yutaka Ishimaru Misao Yokoyama Junji Sugiyama Shuichi Kawai Takumi Mitsutani Hiromasa Ozaki Minoru Sakamoto Mineo Imamura 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(6):515-519
To investigate the changes in microstructures of wood with elapsed time in the environment, CO2 adsorption onto dry wood was measured at ice-water temperature (273 K) for samples aged from 0.1 years to over 1000 years.
The micropore size distribution was obtained using the Horvath-Kawazoe method. Micropores smaller than 0.6 nm in wood decreased
in number with elapsed time in the environment, and a negative correlation was found between cumulative pore volume for pores
smaller than 0.6 nm and elapsed time in the environment. Cumulative pore volume in the 1000-year sample was almost half of
that in the 0.1- year sample. Micropores smaller than 0.6 nm in wood with a few decades or more of elapsed time increased
in number after rewetting and drying. Consequently, microstructures of wood with longer time elapsed in the environment were
considered to be more stable, because of longer-term thermal motion and possibly more repeated moisture adsorption and desorption
and/or temperature variation in the environment. 相似文献
17.
The study focused on the success of regeneration on patch cuts in spruce-dominated stands in terms of stocking and tree height. It was based on an experiment in the Kainuu region in northern Finland. The experimental design included 8 stands with 58 clearcut patches of variable size (0.09–0.37?ha), on which either natural regeneration without site preparation or site preparation and planting of Scots pine was applied. A regeneration survey was conducted 13–15 growing seasons after treatments. Patches without site preparation had been restocked quite well from natural seed sources. The average number of trees was about 11,000?ha?1, of which 1700?ha?1 crop trees. With site preparation and planting, the stocking levels were also very high, 25,000 and 2100?ha?1, respectively. One hundred percent of the planted patches and 75% of the naturally regenerated patches had an acceptable density. Restocking was equally good across the range of patch sizes. Tree growth had been somewhat slower in the smallest patches than in the largest ones in the range. Natural regeneration was capable of yielding good regeneration results in most patches, especially when site preparation was applied. Stocking levels and height development were higher yet in the planted patches. 相似文献
18.
Inthe21stcentury,thewoodsupplyinChinawillcontinLJetobelessthanthedemand,soChinawillneedtousewoodasetfectivelyasPossible.Theuseotwoodcompositesisaveryefficientwaytosavewood.ChinalackssLJfficientforeststomeetitsdemandforwood,especiallyinfinequalitywoods.BecauseofChina'spopulationandfiberdemand,efficientuseofwoocJismoreimportanttoChinathanthattosomeothercoLJntries.However,Chinawasneitherconvincedofthisandnordiditpayattentiontothestudyofwoodcompositesbeforethe1970's.FacingthewoodcrisisChinaf… 相似文献
19.
20.
A study was conducted with the objective of obtaining a profile of farmers who have participated in the Farm Partnership Scheme
in Ireland. This scheme is a joint venture between Coillte (The Irish Forestry Board) and farmers. Under the terms of the
scheme, Coillte is responsible for the establishment, management and harvesting of the forest plantation on the farmer’s land.
The farmer retains ownership of the land, receives premium payments and shares in the harvesting profits. Fifty farmers who
joined the Farm Partnership Scheme between 1993–1997 were interviewed in 1999 and a detailed questionnaire was completed.
Survey results indicate that the typical farm partner was male, married and aged 50 years or older. Over half of those surveyed
had an off-farm job. The most popular reason for farmers opting to participate in the Farm Partnership Scheme was that they
did not have sufficient time to undertake the establishment and management of a forest plantation themselves. The average
size of forest established under the scheme was 23.7 ha, with Sitka spruce the most popular species planted. The average annual
payment under the scheme was €8077. For 46% of those surveyed, the returns from the Farm Partnership Scheme comprised all
of their farm income. 相似文献