Prevalence and risk factors associated with intestinal parasites in pigs in Chongqing, China     

Lai M  Zhou RQ  Huang HC  Hu SJ 《Research in veterinary science》2011,91(3):e121-e124

From 2007 to 2009, the prevalence of intestinal parasites was investigated in intensive and extensive pig farms in Chongqing, China. A total of 2971 samples from both sexes and five age categories (breeding boars, breeding sows, fatteners, growers and weaners) were evaluated by standard methods for the presence of helminth ova and protozoan oocysts, cysts and/or trophozoites. Of the 2971 pigs sampled, 362(12.18%) were infected with Ascaris suum, 301(10.13%) with Trichuris suis, 301(10.13%) with Oesophagostomum spp., 491(16.53%) with Eimeria spp., 149(5.02%) with Isopora suis, 677(22.79%) with Balantidium coli and 196(6.60%) with Cryptosporidium spp. Growers had the highest infection rate while breeding boars had the lowest among the five age categories. B. coli was the most common protozoan in all pig age groups. Pigs infected with multiple parasites were common. Risk factors such as management methods, seasons, ages, etc. can influence the infection rate to a certain degree. This investigation provides relevant data about risk factors for pig farmers, thus allowing them to make more appropriate antiparasitic treatments according to farm conditions and local climate in Chongqing.  相似文献   

规模化猪场脑心肌炎病毒感染的血清学调查   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

张家龙  盖新娜  马良  陈艳红  查振林  郭鑫  杨汉春 《中国兽医杂志》2007,43(1):7-9

脑心肌炎病毒(EMCV)可引起猪的脑炎、心肌炎和母猪繁殖障碍,该病已在世界上多个国家暴发和流行。我国对EMCV及其所致疾病的研究工作还处于起步阶段,为了揭示EMCV在我国规模化猪场的感染情况,我们应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对2005-2006年间采集自全国13个省市46个规模化猪场的3250份血清样本进行了EMCV抗体检测,结果显示,各省阳性率在39.64%~90%之间,平均抗体阳性率为72%,监测的46个猪场都存在EMCV感染,猪场感染阳性率为100%;对不同生长阶段猪群检测结果表明,EMCV抗体阳性率随猪龄的增长而升高,且不同生长阶段猪抗体阳性率差异极显著;成年公猪的抗体阳性率高于成年母猪。本项调查表明,我国规模化猪场已经普遍感染EMCV,这应引起我国养猪业警惕,并做好该病的综合防控。  相似文献   

2016年-2017年新疆规模化猪场伪狂犬病抗体检测     

高建鹏  张莉  齐亚银 《动物医学进展》2020,(1):121-125

为了解新疆地区不同规模化猪场伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)野毒感染情况,采用ELISA对2016年4月-2017年12月来自67个不同规模化猪场的2 516份血清进行了PRV-gE抗体血清学调查。结果显示,血清总阳性率为34.02%,2016年和2017年阳性率分别为17.77%和39.52%;哺乳仔猪、保育猪、育肥猪、后备母猪、妊娠母猪、哺乳母猪、公猪总阳性率分别为26.07%、22.35%、35.38%、32.70%、33.13%、31.06%和31.71%;猪场总阳性率为82.09%,北疆、南疆和东疆猪场阳性率分别为78.57%、100.00%和100.00%。结果表明,2016年-2017年新疆地区猪群中PRV感染率明显上升,南疆与东疆地区阳性率显著高于北疆地区,各个阶段猪群阳性率均显著升高,母猪与公猪感染加重是伪狂犬病持续存在的重要原因,对其进行防控与净化刻不容缓。  相似文献   

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with seropositivity in sows from 67 herds in north-west Germany infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Elisabeth grosse Beilage  Norman Rohde  Joachim Krieter 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2009,88(4):255-263

Risk factors for the spread of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in sows have not been studied although vertical transmission from sows to their offspring is considered a significant risk factor in the development of enzootic pneumonia in growers and finishers. Seropositivity for M. hyopneumoniae in sows, as assessed by commercial ELISA, is a possible indicator of infection pressure among sows. The objective of this study was to estimate seroprevalence and associated risk factors of a sow being seropositive for M. hyopneumoniae. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2578 sows from 67 herds in north-west Germany. Data concerning general herd characteristics, acclimatisation practices, indoor and outside contacts, as well as data describing the immediate local environment were collected during a herd visit via questionnaire. Blood samples were seropositive in 65% of the 2578 sows, and all herds had ≥14% seropositive sows. Data analysis was performed in two steps. First, univariate analysis of predictor variables for the risk of a sow being seropositive for M. hyopneumoniae was performed using chi-square test. Secondly, all variables associated with the risk of a sow being seropositive (P ≤ 0.25) were included in a multivariate model using a generalised linear model. The risk of a sow being seropositive for M. hyopneumoniae was increased in herds with two- or three-site production (OR 1.50), when piglets were not vaccinated against M. hyopneumoniae (OR 1.81), in herds with a 2-week farrowing intervals (OR 1.84) and in herds without all-in/all-out management of the farrowing units (OR 1.37). The lack of an acclimatisation period for replacement boars was also associated with the risk of a sow being seropositive (OR 2.10). The results indicate that M. hyopneumoniae seropositivity is common in sows in north-west Germany and is influenced by various management factors. It is recommended that evaluation of sow herd management should be included in any strategic health plan to control M. hyopneumoniae infection.  相似文献   

Current perspectives on the diagnosis and epidemiology of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sibila M  Pieters M  Molitor T  Maes D  Haesebrouck F  Segalés J 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,181(3):221-231

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the principal aetiological agent of enzootic pneumonia (EP), a chronic respiratory disease that affects mainly finishing pigs. Although major efforts to control M. hyopneumoniae infection and its detrimental effects have been made, significant economic losses in pig production worldwide due to EP continue. M. hyopneumoniae is typically introduced into pig herds by the purchase of subclinically infected animals or, less frequently, through airborne transmission over short distances. Once in the herd, M. hyopneumoniae may be transmitted by direct contact from infected sows to their offspring or between pen mates.The ‘gold standard’ technique used to diagnose M. hyopneumoniae infection, bacteriological culture, is laborious and is seldom used routinely. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction detection methods, in addition to post-mortem inspection in the form of abattoir surveillance or field necropsy, are the techniques most frequently used to investigate the potential involvement of M. hyopneumoniae in porcine respiratory disease. Such techniques have been used to monitor the incidence of M. hyopneumoniae infection in herds both clinically and subclinically affected by EP, in vaccinated and non-vaccinated herds and under different production and management conditions. Differences in the clinical course of EP at farm level and in the efficacy of M. hyopneumoniae vaccination suggest that the transmission and virulence characteristics of different field isolates of M. hyopneumoniae may vary. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge of the epidemiology of M. hyopneumoniae infection including its transmission, infection and seroconversion dynamics and also compares the various epidemiological tools used to monitor EP.  相似文献   

Comparison of detection procedures of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, and Mycoplasma hyorhinis in lungs, tonsils, and synovial fluid of slaughtered pigs and their distributions in Thailand     

Makhanon M  Tummaruk P  Thongkamkoon P  Thanawongnuwech R  Prapasarakul N 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(2):313-318

The aim of this study was to investigate whether direct PCR (DP) gave similar results to culture prior to PCR (CPP) for detecting mycoplasmas in different types of pig tissues. A total of 724 samples obtained from lungs, tonsils, or synovial fluids from 270 slaughtered pigs were used. The history of clinical signs, lung score, and the presence of joint lesions were recorded during sample collection. The rates of detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, and Mycoplasma hyorhinis using both procedures were evaluated. The overall prevalences of M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyosynoviae, and M. hyorhinis were 40.3%, 12.3%, and 64.6%, respectively, and the detection rate depended on the sample type and the procedure used. With lung tissue, DP gave a higher detection rate for M. hyopneumoniae (77.4%) than CPP (38.5%). M. hyorhinis was detected by CPP at 15.6% and 18.1% and by DP at 31.5% and 5.2%, respectively. The positive rate derived from tonsil from CPP was closed to that of DP. Using synovial fluid could not yield any positive M. hyorhinis from CPP whereas 37.2% was positive from DP. In contrast, using sample tissue from lung and tonsil by CPP could show much higher positive number than that of DP. There was a significant relationship between joint lesion and M. hyorhinis detection by DP (P < 0.05) but not for M. hyosynoviae and M. hyorhinis detected by CPP. We speculated that lung was a proper sample for M. hyopneumoniae and M. hyorhinis detection by DP and CPP, respectively. Tonsil was likely the community of persistent M. hyosynoviae and M. hyorhinis with highly detection by CPP. Synovial fluid was apparently unsuitable for mycoplasmal culture. The accuracy of mycoplasmal detection may depend upon the type of sample relevant to the detection procedure used.  相似文献   

A Survey of Gastrointestinal Pig Parasites on Free-range,Organic and Conventional Pig Farms in The Netherlands   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Eijck IA  Borgsteede FH 《Veterinary research communications》2005,29(5):407-414

The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in suckling piglets, weaners, fattening pigs and sows was studied from November 2001 to October 2002 on 16 free-range farms (FRF), 11 organic farms (OF) and 9 conventional farms (CF) by means of faecal examinations of composite samples. Each farm was visited four times with a 3-month interval. Infections with coccidia were found on 43.8% of the FRF, 90.9% of the OF and 66.7% of the CF. Sows had the highest prevalence, particularly on FRF (87.5%) and OF (80%).Ascaris suum was present on 50% of the FRF, 72.7% of the OF and 11.1% of the CF, whereas fattening pigs on FRF (42.9%) and OF (54.5%) had the highest prevalence.Oesophagostomum spp. were observed on 25% of the FRF, 27.2% of the OF and 22.2% of the CF. The infection was most prevalent in the sows on all farm types: 37.5% on FRF, 30% on OF and 22.2% on CF.Trichuris suis was found on 37.5% of the FRF, 36.4% of the OF and 11.1% of the CF. Again, this infection was most prevalent in the sows, particularly on the FRF (50%) and OF (30%). No other gastrointestinal parasite species were found and no clinical signs were observed. No seasonal trends could be distinguished. In many cases, when an age group on a farm was positive for a certain parasite, it remained so during the whole study. This indicates that this parasite was really ‘endemic’ on that farm. The results of this study demonstrate that the prevalence of helminth infections of pigs on farms with outdoor facilities is higher than in pigs on conventional farms.  相似文献   

Highly cited article published in the veterinary quarterly in 1991     

Th.A.M Elsinghorst  W. Sybesma 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(3)

Summary

In early 1991, the Dutch pig industry was struck by the so‐called mystery swine disease. Large‐scale laboratory investigations were undertaken to search for the aetiological agent. We focused on isolating viruses and mycoplasmas, and we tested paired sera of affected sows for antibodies against ten known pig viruses. The mycoplasmas M. hysonoviae, M. hyopneumoniae, and Acheloplasma laidlawii, and the viruses encephalomyocarditis virus and porcine enterovirus types 2 and 7 were isolated from individual pigs. An unknown agent however, was isolated from 16 of 20 piglets and from 41 of 63 sows. This agent was characterized as a virus and designated Lelystad virus. No relationship between this virus and other viruses has yet been established. Of 165 sows reportedly affected by the disease, 123 (75 per cent) seroconverted to Lelystad virus, whereas less than 10 per cent seroconverted to any of the other virus isolates or to known viral pathogens. Antibodies directed against Lelystad virus were also found in pigs with mystery swine disease in England, Germany, and the United States. We conclude that infection with Lelystad virus is the likely cause of mystery swine disease.  相似文献   

新疆昌吉地区部分规模化猪场PRRSV抗体监测和免疫效果分析     

杨靖  宋振辉 《畜牧兽医杂志》2014,(3):5-8,11

为了查明昌吉地区地区部分规模化猪场猪PRRSV的抗体阳性率及免疫合格率,分别采集了昌吉地区4个免疫了弱毒苗的规模化猪场,和3个免疫了灭活苗的规模化猪场血清共1 036份,采用间接ELISA方法检测其抗体.经检测,4个免疫PRRS弱毒苗规模化猪场总阳性率为79.05％（468/592）,平均KQ为49.63,标准差为39.41.3个免疫PRRS灭活苗规模化猪场总阳性率为62.61％ （278/444）,平均KQ为45.88,标准差为31.22.结果表明,在规模化养猪场使用灭活苗免疫预防PRRS感染作用不如弱毒苗,因此,建议临床应用中应选择弱毒苗为宜,结合检测结果、临床生产数据及猪场已采用猪PRRS免疫程序,建议商品猪在仔猪断奶后初免.在高致病性猪蓝耳病流行地区,可根据实际情况在初免后1个月加强免疫一次,种母猪70日龄前免疫程序同商品猪,以后每次配种前加强免疫一次,种公猪70日龄前免疫程序同商品猪,以后每隔4～6个月加强免疫一次.  相似文献   

规模化猪场猪圆环病毒2型感染的实验室诊断     

徐春志  蔺俐仲  邓珊珊  张海  景书灏  杨源  刘艳  袁林  袁标 《猪业科学》2020,37(6):78-80

为了确诊贵州省某规模化猪场保育仔猪异常死亡原因,从怀孕母猪、产房母猪、后备母猪、种公猪、哺乳仔猪、保育仔猪6个猪群采集90份血清样本采用ELISA方法分别进行血清抗体检测,并对采集的90份血清样本和1份病死猪淋巴结组织采用荧光PCR方法进行病原学检测。结果:6个猪群综合的猪瘟病毒、猪蓝耳病病毒、伪狂犬病病毒g B蛋白、伪狂犬病病毒g E蛋白血清抗体阳性率分别为87.78%、70.00%、88.89%、4.44%;猪瘟病毒、猪蓝耳病病毒、伪狂犬病病毒病原核酸检测显示阴性,猪圆环病毒2型病原核酸检测淋巴结组织样本显示阳性。试验结果表明,引起该猪场保育仔猪死亡的原因为猪圆环病毒2型感染。同时,怀孕母猪群出现了伪狂犬病病毒g E蛋白抗体阳性,提示怀孕母猪群可能存在猪伪狂犬病野毒感染。  相似文献   

荣昌县生猪肠道寄生虫感染情况调查     

蒋庆  尧蒙  张丽君  范才良  胡吉利  林瑞庆  朱兴全 《中国兽医寄生虫病》2008,16(3):26-30

目的摸清重庆市荣昌县生猪的肠道寄生虫感染情况,从而为有效防控猪的肠道寄生虫感染提供依据。方法荣昌是我国著名地方猪“荣昌猪”的故乡,我国养猪大县之一,作者于2007年4月至2007年11月,在该县20个镇选择具有代表性的规模化猪场、散养户和屠宰场,对种公猪、母猪、仔猪及肥育猪肠道寄生虫感染情况和屠宰场宰杀的肥猪肠道寄生虫虫体感染情况进行了调查。共检查了832份集约化饲养猪的粪便、l133份农户散养猪的粪便,并检查了200头屠宰肥猪的肠道。结果13．1％的集约化饲养猪感染猪蛔虫,5．4％感染猪鞭虫．14．6％感染食道口线虫,14．8％感染球虫（包括艾关尔球虫及等孢球虫）,3．6％感染结肠小袋纤毛虫。对散养猪．这些数值分别是6．7％,4．8％,23．2％,13．8％,及4．9％。4％的宰杀肥猪检出猪蛔虫,3．5％检出猪鞭虫,52．0％感染食道口线虫。混合感染很常见。结论本项调查表明,荣昌生猪的寄生虫感染较为严重,应引起有关方面的足够重视。应尽快开展猪肠道寄生虫感染的综合防控工作,以保障养猪业的健康快速发展。  相似文献   

Occurrence of reproductive disorders in pig herds with and without Chlamydia suis infection – statistical analysis of breeding parameters          下载免费PDF全文

Krzysztof Rypuła  Aleksandra Kumala  Katarzyna Płoneczka‐Janeczko  Paweł Lis  Ewa Karuga‐Kuźniewska  Krzysztof Dudek  Ireneusz Całkosiński  Patrycja Kuźnik  Paweł Chorbiński 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(5):817-824

Chlamydiae are frequently encountered Gram‐negative intracellular eubacteria that can cause clear manifestations or clinically asymptomatic disorders. C. suis and other chlamydia are primarily isolated in cases of reproductive disorders. This study was performed to estimate the impact of Chlamydia suis infection on reproduction in sows by analyzing reproduction rates and breeding parameters. The test was conducted on first generation (F1) pigs from Polish Landrace (PL) × Polish Large White (PLW). Sixty‐four herds were investigated and 500 vaginal swabs were collected. Isolation of DNA was carried out directly from the swabs. All samples were analyzed for Chlamydia suis by real‐time PCR with a locked nucleic acid (LNA)‐containing probe. To analyze the impact of chlamydia infection on reproductive parameters, evaluation questionnaires were used. Reproductive problems were found in 77.3% of the farms tested. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that in the farms with 10 up to 120 sows, there were higher reproductive problems with chlamydia infection than in smaller and bigger pig farms. The most common problems were estrus repetition, which was reported by 57.81% of the surveyed farms, and the birth of dead piglets, which was reported by 31.25% of the investigated pig farms. Abortions, which were reported by 28.12% of the surveyed farms, were the least common reproductive disorders.  相似文献   

规模化猪场猪瘟免疫状况调查及仔猪首免日龄的优化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

罗勇  吴斌  黎作华  黄刚  梅力  李腾  满晓营  何启盖 《中国兽医杂志》2010,46(3)

为了调查规模化猪场猪瘟的免疫方案,比较及评价其免疫效果,本研究将湖北省7个规模化种猪场作为研究对象,将猪群分为经产母猪、种公猪、后备母猪、哺乳仔猪(0~30日龄)、保育仔猪(30~60日龄)和生长猪(61日龄以上)6个群体,并按各猪群5%~8%的比例采血,检测猪瘟抗体。结果表明,各猪群猪瘟免疫合格率分别为99.55%、96.43%、99.22%、89.88%、81.68%及78.64%,不同免疫方案下,各场猪群表现出不同免疫效果。而从总体上看,保育仔猪的猪瘟抗体水平是各个猪群中最为薄弱的环节。因此本研究在调查的基础上,继续探索了一个规模化猪场的仔猪猪瘟母源抗体消退规律,并且分别设置了14、21、28、35日龄猪瘟疫苗免疫组,于免疫后1周及2周后采血检测猪瘟抗体。结果表明,该场猪瘟免疫最佳首免日龄为28日龄,并根据研究结果将该场原来的首免21日龄调整到28日龄。本研究的开展对规模化猪场制定合理的猪瘟免疫方案具有较好的参考价值。  相似文献   

Dynamics of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</Emphasis> seroconversion and infection in pigs in the three main production systems     

Enrico Giacomini  Nicola Ferrari  Alessandra Pitozzi  Michela Remistani  Daniele Giardiello  Dominiek Maes  Giovanni Loris Alborali 《Veterinary research communications》2016,40(2):81-88

In this study, we investigated the dynamics of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in 66 pig farms, with different production systems (one-, two-, and three-site systems), and considered different risk factors. Serological assay was used to detect serum antibodies against M. hyopneumoniae and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) was performed to detect M. hyopneumoniae DNA in tracheobronchial swabs. Results demonstrated that M. hyopneumoniae infection status was predominantly influenced by the age of the animals and the type of production system. Infection rates were higher in older animals and the prevalence was higher in the one- and two-site systems than in the three-site systems. Dynamics of infection by RT-PCR showed that earlier M. hyopneumoniae infection on one-site farms occurs earlier, while on two- and three-site farms occurs later but spreads faster, suggesting that contact between animals of different age favors the transmission.  相似文献   

A field evaluation of two vaccines against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs     

Charlotte S Kristensen  Jens Vinther  Birgitta Svensmark  Poul B?kbo 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1):24

Background

A field trial was carried out with two Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines in order to investigate the benefit of vaccination under field conditions in modern Danish pig production facilities with pigs being positive for M. hyopneumoniae. The M. hyopneumoniae infection of the herd was confirmed through blood samples that were positive for antibodies against M. hyopneumoniae combined with gross lesions of the lungs related to M. hyopneumoniae at slaughter and detection of M. hyopneumoniae by polymerace chain reaction in these lesions.

Results

A total of 2,256 pigs from two herds were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 received 2 mL ThoroVAX^®VET, Group 2 received 1 mL Ingelvac^®MycoFLEX, and Group 3 was a non-vaccinated control group. The vaccination was performed by a person who was not involved in the rest of the trial and vaccination status thereby blinded to the evaluators.The prevalence of lung lesions related to M. hyopneumoniae were significantly lower for pigs vaccinated with ThoroVAX^®VET but not for pigs vaccinated with Ingelvac^®MycoFLEX^®, when compared to non-vaccinated pigs. There was no significant effect of vaccination on growth rate, antibiotic consumption or mortality.

Conclusion

This trial demonstrated that vaccination with Thoro^®VAX VET was effective in reducing the prevalence of lung lesion in pig units infected with M. hyopneumoniae.  相似文献   

超额储备后备母猪的运作模式——非洲猪瘟背景下集团化养猪企业的盈利之道     

张世新  邵宪磊 《猪业科学》2021,38(6):48-53

集团猪场代表行业最高技术、管理及现代化水平,迅速发展。特别是2018年非洲猪瘟疫情在我国暴发后,在高风险、高回报的行业背景下,集团化养猪企业凭借资金、人才、技术、硬件设施等优势,采取超额储备种猪的运作模式,进而迅速扩张。超额储备的本质是利用资金充足、场区数量、生物安全等优势,通过统一使用长白或大白公猪配种,育肥场用作种猪场等方式超额储备后备母猪。个别场区清场后可以迅速引种补栏,多余后备母猪、妊娠母猪正常出售回收资金。这种模式可有效降低风险、保证足够盈利,同时在非洲猪瘟疫情的背景下有效整合农业资源、利用商业资金反哺养猪业,指引养猪行业走向。  相似文献   

Survey of intestinal parasites in pigs from intensive farms in Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Weng YB  Hu YJ  Li Y  Li BS  Lin RQ  Xie DH  Gasser RB  Zhu XQ 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,127(3-4):333-336

The prevalence of intestinal parasites was investigated in intensive pig farms in Guangdong Province, China between July 2000 and July 2002. Faecal samples from 3636 pigs (both sexes and five age groups) from 38 representative intensive pig farms employing different parasite control strategies were examined for the presence of helminth ova and protozoan oocysts, cysts and/or trophozoites using standard techniques. Of the 3636 pigs sampled, 209 (5.7%) were infected with Trichuris suis, 189 (5.2%) with Ascaris, 91 (2.5%) with Oesophagostomum spp., 905 (24.9%) with coccidia (Eimeria spp. and/or Isospora suis) and 1716 (47.2%) with Balantidium coli. These infected pigs were mainly from farms without a strategic anti-parasite treatment regime. Concurrent infection of multiple parasites was common, and T. suis was the most common nematode infecting breeding, young and mature pigs. The results of the present investigation provide relevant 'base-line' data for assessing the effectiveness of control strategies against intestinal parasitism in intensively raised pigs in Guangdong Province, China.  相似文献   

Herd specific risk factors for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in suckling pigs at the age of weaning     

Heiko Nathues  Henrike Woeste  Stefanie Doehring  Anna S Fahrion  Marcus G Doherr  Elisabeth grosse Beilage 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2013,55(1):30

Background

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiologic agent of enzootic pneumonia mainly occurring in fattening pigs. It is assumed that horizontal transmission of the pathogen during nursery and growing phase starts with few suckling pigs vertically infected by the sow. The aim of the present study was the exploration of the herd prevalence of M. hyopneumoniae infections in suckling pigs followed by an investigation of various herd specific factors for their potential of influencing the occurrence of this pathogen at the age of weaning.

Results

In this cross-sectional study, 125 breeding herds were examined by taking nasal swabs from 20 suckling pigs in each herd. In total, 3.9% (98/2500) of all nasal swabs were tested positive for M. hyopneumoniae by real-time PCR. Piglets tested positive originated from 46 different herds resulting in an overall herd prevalence of 36.8% (46/125) for M. hyopneumoniae infection in pigs at the age of weaning. While the herds were epidemiologically characterized, the risk for demonstration of M. hyopneumoniae was significantly increased, when the number of purchased gilts per year was more than 120 (OR: 5.8), and when the number of farrowing pens per compartment was higher than 16 (OR: 3.3). In herds with a planned and segregated production, where groups of sows entered previously emptied farrowing units, the risk for demonstration of M. hyopneumoniae in piglets was higher in herds with two or four weeks between batches than in herds with one or three weeks between batches (OR: 2.7).

Conclusions

In this cross-sectional study, several risk factors could be identified enhancing the probability of breeding herds to raise suckling pigs already infected with M. hyopneumoniae at the time of weaning. Interestingly, some factors (farrowing rhythm, gilt acclimatisation issues) were overlapping with those also influencing the seroprevalences among sows or the transmission of the pathogen between older age groups. Taking the multifactorial character of enzootic pneumonia into account, the results of this study substantiate that a comprehensive herd specific prevention programme is a prerequisite to reduce transmission of and disease caused by M. hyopneumoniae.  相似文献   

Salmonella in breeding pigs: Shedding pattern,transmission of infection and the role of environmental contamination in Irish commercial farrow‐to‐finish herds          下载免费PDF全文

H. Lynch  K. Walia  F. C. Leonard  P. G. Lawlor  E. G. Manzanilla  J. Grant  G. Duffy  G. E. Gardiner  M. Cormican  J. King  B. K. Markey  S. Fanning  H. Argüello 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(1):e196-e206

This study aimed to provide new insights into the epidemiology of Salmonella in pig production, focusing on potential shedding patterns in breeding pigs throughout a full production cycle and the risk of transmission of infection from the sow to her offspring. A longitudinal study was conducted on five farrow‐to‐finish commercial pig farms. In each herd, shedding of Salmonella in faeces was monitored in breeders through service, gestation and lactation. Swabs of the farrowing room floor and pools of faeces from piglets were collected on two occasions during lactation. Environmental pen swabs were also taken in the weaning and finisher houses. Salmonella isolates were serotyped, tested for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and typed by Multiple‐Locus Variable number tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA). Shedding by breeding pigs was low in all stages of the production cycle; 5% of sows shed at service, the production stage with highest risk of shedding (p < .01), 1.6% shed during gestation and 2.5% after farrowing. Salmonella was detected in 4% of piglet faecal pools in the second week post‐farrowing and 5% in the fourth week. Serotyping and AMR profiles of Salmonella isolates revealed that strains in sows and gilts were mostly different from strains isolated in weaner and finisher facilities. MLVA typing confirmed that the source of infection in piglets was in most instances the contaminated environment rather than their dam. Based on the typing results, it appears that sows do not pose a major risk in the maintenance and transmission of Salmonella to their progeny but instead the contaminated pen environment is more significant in the perpetuation of the organism on farm.  相似文献   

Monitored control programme for proliferative enteropathy on British pig farms   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

McOrist S  Smith SH  Klein T 《The Veterinary record》1999,144(8):202-204

The effect of control programmes on proliferative enteropathy and its causative agent (Lawsonia intracellularis) was investigated on four farrow-to-finish pig farms in Britain. Faeces samples from groups of boars and gilts in breeding programmes, and from preweaning and postweaning pigs were monitored prospectively every month for six months by a L intracellularis-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). On one farm with 150 sows, an outbreak of acute proliferative enteropathy in boars and gilts was controlled clinically by the use of tiamulin and chlortetracycline. The percentage of detectable PCR-positive pigs decreased from between 50 to 70 per cent to zero in the treated pigs and their progeny less than 14 weeks old, but clinical signs of the disease and PCR-positive pigs were detected in some 14-week-old pigs derived from the treated groups. On another farm with 160 sows, an outbreak of chronic proliferative enteropathy in six-week-old pigs (23 to 26 per cent PCR-positive) was controlled by the use of oral tylosin phosphate. Faeces samples from the medicated pigs on this farm remained PCR-negative during the study period, whereas samples from unmedicated control pigs showed that the infection persisted in some pigs for at least six weeks. The two other monitored farms remained PCR-negative and clinically negative for the disease during the study period. These farms treated the pigs regularly with oral chlortetracycline.  相似文献