共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
刘振宇 《水土保持应用技术》2019,(2):21-22
为有效解决石佛寺水库富营养化、水体污染严重的问题,利用MATLAB系统软件仿真预测了石佛寺水库的富营养化状态。结果表明:在不同时段石佛寺水库水质存在一定差异,在各个水期均处于轻度富营养状态,并且整体水质和丰水期存在中度富营养的发展趋势,水环境污染处于轻度状态;改进的BP模型基本能够反映水库水质的实际状况,研究可为该水库水环境治理和富营养化控制提供一定决策依据。 相似文献
2.
河南省水土保持三维可视化管理信息系统的研发 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
《中国水土保持》2015,(3)
基于GIS,采用C#.NET+SQL Server集成的二次开发模式,存储集成全省多次水土流失遥感普查和基础影像数据,开发河南省水土保持三维可视化管理信息系统。该系统能实现野外调查图像与数据库建立的三维可视化、交互显示效果,是具有输入、查询、检索、对比分析和输出等多功能的综合管理信息平台。河南省水土保持三维可视化管理信息系统基本实现了水土保持管理信息化,为水土保持工作决策、规划、治理提供了科学的依据。 相似文献
3.
水库建设所产生的移民安置问题影响着工程进展、库区与移民安置区的稳定发展,在库区移民实物指标调查与多源数据集成应用基础上对水库移民安置中水土资源进行优化配置与生态补偿,促进库区和移民安置区可持续发展。采用现代信息技术对移民实物指标进行采集、处理与集成应用,建立面向水库移民安置的移民信息系统,为水库淹没影响范围的确定与移民安置实施提供辅助决策支持方法,对库区和移民安置区的水土资源与生态进行综合考虑,以此指导水土资源的优化配置和生态补偿。以陕西省引汉济渭调水工程三河口水库移民安置为应用实例,对采集的三河口水库移民实物指标进行统计分析,通过移民信息系统对实物指标进行空间展示,采用问卷调查确定移民安置方式和移民安置区,提出移民安置区水土资源优化配置与生态补偿措施。在水库移民安置过程中对水资源、土地资源和生态环境进行综合考虑有助于移民安置的科学有序进行,库区和移民安置区后期的稳定与可持续发展,在同类工程中具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
4.
黄文勇 《水土保持应用技术》2015,(1):21-22
石佛寺水库湿地是在水库的基础上建设发展起来的,通过对水库自建气象站和周边气象站近8a来的监测数据的比对,分析石佛寺人工湿地对周围气候的影响,分析石佛寺湿地独特的小气候及对周围区域的影响,为研究石佛寺湿地的生态价值提供一定的参考。 相似文献
5.
曹梅英 《山西水土保持科技》2018,(3)
省城太原的重要水源地—汾河水库,地处娄烦县,水库蓄水淹没迫使库区农村大量移民。由于水库移民的生产受到一定限制,至今仍处于贫困状态,成为娄烦县贫中之贫、困中之困的深度贫困群体。在实施水库移民"十三五"后扶规划之际,抓住脱贫攻坚机遇,在移民脱贫攻坚、移民增收、移民基础设施改善等方面大力实践,为移民美好家园建设奠定了坚实基础。概述了水库移民"十三五"后扶规划实施成效。 相似文献
6.
大沙坝水库工程建设征地涉及4个镇9个村,规划水平年生产安置人口1 011人,搬迁安置人口870人。农村移民安置是水库建设成败的关键,根据工程特性和移民概况,结合水库淹没和建设征地影响分析结果,对移民安置规划设计方案进行了优化。分析和预测结果表明:移民安装规划设计方案具有良好的可行性和经济性,既能满足移民生产生活实际需求,又能创造宜居环境。 相似文献
7.
基于网络GIS的作物品质监测与调优栽培系统 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
以实现小麦优质高效生产为目标，探讨了基于网络GIS的作物品质监测与肥水调优栽培系统的设计、实现与应用。系统以组件GIS、网络GIS和空间数据库技术等主流地理信息技术为支持，实现以遥感为主要数据源的多源数据融合分析、模型与知识的灵活管理。系统以小麦栽培农艺学知识为基础，明确影响小麦籽粒品质形成的主要因子，通过反演模型和评价模型从遥感影像中提取相关因子用以指导小麦栽培，并根据主要影响因子建立小麦品质综合评价模型，实现小麦品质预测。 相似文献
8.
丹江口水库水源区水土流失遥感监测GIS数据库的设计开发 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
丹江口水库水源区水土流失遥感监测项目的实施,涉及项目区DEM、土地利用、植被覆盖和土壤侵蚀等诸多方面的信息,累计成果数据达150 GB。在对水土流失遥感监测数据流程进行分析的基础上,详细说明了数据库的设计开发内容,设计开发完成后的数据库满足对水土流失海量监测成果数据科学系统和有效的管理,在水库水源区水土保持宏观决策和大中尺度水土保持规划设计中,有较广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
9.
基于ArcGLobe的水土流失三维查询分析系统 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在以往水土流失应用系统中,查询分析主要建立在二维地理信息系统的基础上。主要研究在三维数据模型基础上实现查询,利用层次细节水平（LOD）方法以及海量数据动态调度方法解决海量数据的提取、调度,以ArcSDE作为空间数据引擎来管理和高效访问空间数据,通过GIS组件实现三维数据的可视化。以此应用到湖北省水土保持综合查询系统中,结果表明系统能在三维模型基础上有效地对全省水土流失相关信息的查询统计。 相似文献
10.
流域梯级开发可带来发电、防洪、灌溉等综合效益,促进我国经济社会的快速发展,但同时引发了很多区域生态环境方面的问题,包括水库淹没与移民,泥沙淤积、河道变化、地质灾害、水生生物、水土流失等.针对流域梯级开发存在的上述生态环境问题,初步提出加强建设项目的前期管理、加强施工过程中的监督和管理、建立和完善生态补偿机制、合理优化开发与运行方式等主要对策. 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
19.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
20.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献