共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
不同亲和性的小麦品种和叶锈菌小种相互作用的组织病理学研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
用整叶透明染色法系统地观察了不同亲和性的小麦品种和叶锈菌小种相互作用的组织病理学表现。结果表明,(1)从气孔下泡囊形成迟早和初生侵染丝的生长开始,各组合间呈现明显的差别,暗示着品种——小种相互识别和抗性表达从这个阶段开始;(2)除了不亲和组合和慢锈组合出现过敏性反应外,在亲和组合的感病品种5389与叶锈菌小种互作中也观察到了少数侵染点有坏死细胞出现,但出现时间较晚,坏死细胞数目很少,并不影响菌丝的扩展。根据上述现象,本文讨论了过敏性坏死细胞形成的专化性和利用生理和组织学某些特征作为品种抗性鉴定的指标的意义。 相似文献
2.
不同亲和性的小麦品种和叶锈菌小种相互作用的组织病理学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用整叶透明染色法系统地观察了不同亲和性的小麦品种和叶锈菌小种相互作用的组织病理学表现。结果表明,(1)从气孔下泡囊形成迟早和初生侵染丝的生长开始,各组合间呈现明显的差别,暗示着品种——小种相互识别和抗性表达从这个阶段开始;(2)除了不亲和组合和慢锈组合出现过敏性反应外,在亲和组合的感病品种5389与叶锈菌小种互作中也观察到了少数侵染点有坏死细胞出现,但出现时间较晚,坏死细胞数目很少,并不影响菌丝的扩展。根据上述现象,本文讨论了过敏性坏死细胞形成的专化性和利用生理和组织学某些特征作为品种抗性鉴定的指标的意义。 相似文献
3.
薇甘菊柄锈菌生物学及其寄主专一性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在检疫温室条件下对外来入侵植物薇甘菊的寄生菌——薇甘菊柄锈菌的生物学及其寄主专化性进行了研究。结果表明，薇甘菊柄锈菌可以侵染植物叶片和叶柄等营养器官。受侵染部位起始出现褪绿斑，12～15d，自叶背产生黄色冬孢子堆，并逐步坏死和脱落，最终致寄主死亡。冬孢子黄至暗褐色，包埋在寄主组织中，无明显休眠期。高湿条件下，冬孢子易萌发产生担孢子进行再侵染。采用悬挂法对29个科、62个属的72种植物进行了寄主专化性测定，结果表明，薇甘菊柄锈菌在菊科植物天门冬、紫茎泽兰、向日葵、地胆草上形成褪绿斑，但未发现菌丝和吸器。薇甘菊柄锈菌可成功侵染薇甘菊和同属植物假泽兰。 相似文献
4.
小麦与条锈病菌不亲和互作的超微结构 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
采用条锈菌同一小种的野生型菌系和弱毒突变菌系,分别接种同一小麦品种的方法,研究了不亲和互作的超微结构特征。在不亲和互作中,条锈菌的胞间菌丝、吸器母细胞和吸器明显受抑。吸器可以在发育早期受抑坏死,也可迟滞至吸器体形成之后坏死。吸器外质膜严重皱褶,并出现孔洞,吸器外间质加宽,沉积大量电子致密物质。侵染位点的小麦叶肉细胞表现与过敏性坏死反应相关联的一系列变化。细胞壁内侧还出现乳突状或颗粒状沉积物等防御结构或物质。 相似文献
5.
四个小麦品种的慢白粉病抗性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
小麦品种里勃留拉、咸农4号和阿勃为慢白粉病品种,它们的AUDPC、单菌落面积、单菌落日产孢量和最终病情指数,都显著低于对照品种山前;小偃6号属中慢品种,它的最终病情指数和AUDPC与对照间的差异,分别为极显著和显著。用8个白粉菌小种接种表明,这4个抗病品种属非专化抗性。试验和分析表明,只需在倒2叶上测定最终病情指数和菌落大小,即可鉴定小麦品种的慢白粉病抗性。 相似文献
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稻瘟菌水平抗性稳定性的研究——品种与小种适合度的分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在温室条件下,对9个无垂直抗性基因粳稻品种×8个日本标准稻瘟菌株组合测定了侵染几率(IP)、病斑型比例(PB)、病斑扩展速率(LR)和产孢能力(SPC)组分,并据此确定了品种与小种的适合度。方差分析结果表明,除SPC的互作项外,其它组分及类型,方差均达到显著或极显著水平。但品种和小种主效应所占方差更大,从而证实了品种的抗性类型为水平抗性。某些品种在IP、PB及LR组分上反映了小种的专化作用,但因为不同品种在各组分上的抗性反应不同,因此,品种水平抗性的稳定性不能由组分的小种专化作用确定,而须由各组分组成的适合度的小种专化性确定。对品种X小种的适合度进行了互作的多重比较,未发现专化性互作,说明供试品种的水平抗性是稳定的。 相似文献
9.
从两个已经鉴定的小麦叶锈小种和两个未经鉴定的培养物共4个培养物中,分别分离出25个单孢子堆进行繁殖和鉴定。结果表明,没有一个培养物的群体组成是同质的,都包括多种毒力不同的类型。在已被鉴定为小种叶3和洛10类型(80-7-58)的两个培养物的群体中,都包括有14种毒力不同的类型。有的培养物的群体组成比较简单,只包括3种不同的类型。在鉴定小种时,如果叶锈菌的群体包括几种毒力不同的类型,在鉴别寄主上由某致病类型产生的感染型侵染型,可以掩盖其它类型产生的抵抗型侵染型。通过单孢子堆后代的毒力分析,就可以使被掩盖了的致病类型表现出来。本研究从4个培养物分离的100个单孢子堆的后代经鉴定可以区分出24种毒力不同的类型,这说明小麦叶锈菌的毒力是很专化的,群体组成也是复杂的。如果用斯塔克曼建立的鉴定小种方法,仅作一次或简单地鉴定,将不能揭露出叶锈菌群体中包括的客观存在的组成。 相似文献
10.
以12个全国大面积种植的小麦生产品种和1个高感品种为试材,利用抗性组分法研究了中国小麦条锈菌(Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici,Pst)4个主要流行小种条中32号、条中31号、水源11-14和水源11-4的寄生适合度。因子分析结果表明,病害量是度量条锈菌生理小种寄生适合度最重要的参数,其次是夏孢子生活力、产孢能力、产孢面积、产孢期,由此提出寄生适合度=(产孢量×侵染概率×夏孢子堆密度×夏孢子萌发率)/潜育期。研究还发现,条中32号的寄生适合度最高,致病性最强,与目前该小种为优势小种的事实相符;水源11-14的寄生适合度较高,有较大的发展潜力,在抗病育种中应予以高度重视。 相似文献
11.
PANCRIN, a prototype model of the pandemic cultivar-race interaction of yellow rust on wheat in China 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
ZENG SHI-MAI 《Plant pathology》1991,40(2):287-295
The pandemic of yellow rust on wheat in China, including cultivar-race interactions at the population level, is described by a prototype model (PANCRIN). As the framework of this model, the main epidemic system of wheat yellow rust in China was divided into 11 epidemiological regions. The major parameters are R, the rate of epidemic progress of each region in each month, determined by regional climatological factors and cultivar-race interactions; DIL, the dilution coefficient of inter-regional longdistance dissemination of this disease, determined mainly by distance; and F, fitness values of the pathogen on different cultivar-race combinations. With cultivar deployment, initial disease amount, and initial race frequency as inputs, this model can output the disease amount on each cultivar and the race frequencies of each region. Results of preliminary simulation experiments tallied with some historical situations such as the breakdown of disease resistance of some important cultivars Weak points of this model are also discussed. 相似文献
12.
A. C. NEWTON 《Plant pathology》1989,38(4):534-540
Barley leaf segments of several partially resistant cultivars were inoculated with different strains and combinations of strains of Erysiphe graminis. Infection level was assessed by counting colony number, by measuring sporulating area using an image analyser, and by extracting and quantifying sterols. Good correlations were obtained between data from all three methods. One cultivar contained less sterol than expected from the number of colonies present but some of the resistance in that cultivar was known to be due to reduced colony size. Image analysis was unable to discern the reduced colony size component of resistance. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that single colonies may originate from more than one conidial infection. Sterol analysis was the most representative method of comparing the reaction of diverse host genotypes to mildew infection. 相似文献
13.
The influence of silicon on components of resistance to blast in susceptible, partially resistant, and resistant cultivars of rice 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
ABSTRACT The application of silicon (Si) fertilizers reduces the severity of blast, caused by Magnaporthe grisea, in irrigated and upland rice; however, little research has been conducted to examine the epidemiological and etiological components of this reduction. Four cultivars of rice with differential susceptibilities to race IB-49 of M. grisea were fertilized with three rates of a calcium silicate fertilizer and inoculated with the pathogen to test the effects of Si on the following components of resistance to blast: incubation period, latent period, infection efficiency, lesion size, rate of lesion expansion, sporulation per lesion, and diseased leaf area. For each cultivar, the incubation period was lengthened by increased rates of Si, and the numbers of sporulating lesions, lesion size, rate of lesion expansion, diseased leaf area, and number of spores per lesion were reduced. Lesion size and sporulation per lesion were lowered by 30 to 45%, and the number of sporulating lesions per leaf and diseased leaf area were significantly reduced at the highest rate of Si. The net effect of Si on these components of resistance is an overall reduction in the production of conidia on plants infected with M. grisea, thereby slowing the epidemic rate of blast. 相似文献
14.
Components of resistance of apple to Podosphaera leucotricha were assessed in the glasshouse by spraying shoot tips of cultivars with conidia. Disease incidence (proportion of leaf surfaces with mildew) and colony numbers were higher and incubation periods correspondingly shorter on the older leaves. unrolled at the time of inoculation. Numbers of colonies were higher on the lower surface. Spore production per colony was higher on the younger leaves. In general, a short incubation period on a cultivar was associated with a high disease incidence, many colonies and high spore production. For some cultivars the association between these components permitted resistance to be classified as very high (cv. Discovery), very low (cv. Golden Delicious), or intermediate(cvs Bramley's Seedling. Suntan). The effects of inoculum concentration and post-inoculation environment (glasshouse or outdoors) on components of resistance were assessed in a further study. No interactions between cultivar and inoculum concentration were detected. There was generally an associated variation in components between cultivars within an environment, but inconsistencies in cultivar rankings were noted between the two environments and the two studies. Mean incubation period was shorter and colony area larger in the glasshouse than outdoors. There were significant differences in conidia/cm2 colony between cultivars only in the glasshouse. Components conferring high resistance in cv. Discovery and low resistance in cv. Golden Delicious were confirmed in both environments and in both studies. 相似文献
15.
水稻品种对稻瘟病菌慢瘟抗性的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1985—1987年,以HA-4、Ba-90-2、红突31、HA84494、1952、V/38、837及早选4号为供试品种,研究了水稻品种的慢瘟抗性。结果表明,病斑大小、单位病斑的产孢量、最终百分病叶面积及病害进展曲线下的面积是慢瘟抗性的4个有效组分。4个组分问彼此高度相关(r=0.8082-0.9741)。就4个慢瘟组分对8个品种作聚类分析,可将供试品种划为8类。HA-4、Ba-90-2、红突31、HA84494及1952为慢瘟品种,V/38为中慢品种,837及早选4号为速瘟品种。以ZC_(15)为代表菌研究的慢瘟品种,对ZC_(13)、ZE_3、ZF_1及ZG_1 4个生理小种呈类似的慢瘟反应,在田间自然诱发试验里,也皆表现为抗病。室内外慢瘟性研究结果高度相关(r=0.9972)。 相似文献
16.
C. Gigot S. Saint‐Jean L. Huber C. Maumené M. Leconte B. Kerhornou C. de Vallavieille‐Pope 《Plant pathology》2013,62(5):1011-1019
The use of cultivar mixtures to control foliar fungal diseases is well documented for windborne diseases, but remains controversial for splash‐dispersed diseases. To try to improve this strategy, a cultivar mixture was designed consisting of two wheat cultivars with contrasted resistance to Mycosphaerella graminicola , responsible for the rainborne disease septoria tritici blotch (STB), in a 1:3 susceptible:resistant ratio rather than the 1:1 ratio commonly used in previous studies. The impact of natural STB epidemics in this cultivar mixture was studied in field experiments over 4 years. Weekly assessments of the number of sporulating lesions, pycnidial leaf area and green leaf area were carried out on the susceptible cultivar. In years with sufficient STB pressure, disease impacts on the susceptible cultivar in the mixture were always significantly lower than in the pure stand (e.g. 42% reduction of pycnidial leaf area for the three upper leaves in 2008 and 41% in 2009). In years with low STB pressure (2010 and 2011), a reduction of disease impacts was also shown but was not always significant. After major rainfall events, the number of sporulating lesions observed on the susceptible cultivar after one latent period was reduced on average by 45% in the mixture compared to the pure stand. All the measurements showed that a susceptible cultivar was consistently protected, at least moderately, in a mixture under low to moderate STB pressure. Therefore, the results prove that the design of an efficient cultivar mixture can include the control of STB, among other foliar diseases. 相似文献
17.
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential diversity and pathogen‐specificity of sources of quantitative resistance to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina in French wheat germplasm. From a set of 86 genotypes displaying a range of quantitative resistance levels during field epidemics, eight wheat genotypes were selected and challenged in a greenhouse with three isolates of the pathogen, belonging to different pathotypes. Five components of resistance were assessed: infection efficiency, for which an original methodology was developed, latent period, lesion size, spore production per lesion, and spore production per unit of sporulating tissue. High diversity and variability for all these components were expressed in the host × pathotype combinations investigated; isolate‐specificity was found for all the components. The host genotypes displayed various resistance profiles, based on both the components affected and the isolate‐specificity of the interaction. Their usefulness as sources of quantitative resistance was assessed: line LD7 probably combines diversified mechanisms of resistance, being highly resistant for all the components, but displaying isolate‐specificity for all the components; cv. Apache did not show isolate specificity for any of the components, which could be related to the durability of its quantitative resistance in the field over more than 11 years. 相似文献
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Newcombe G 《Phytopathology》1998,88(2):114-121
ABSTRACT A single gene, Mmd1, which conditions resistance and a necrotic flecking response to a monouredinial isolate of Melampsora medusae f. sp. deltoidae and is presumed to possess the corresponding avirulence gene, was previously shown to segregate 3:1 (resistant to susceptible) in an interspecific hybrid poplar F(2) progeny. Some inoculated clones of the resistant phenotypic class of this progeny were completely resistant and bore no uredinia, but most bore some sporulating uredinia with accompanying necrotic flecking. The dominant allele at the Mmd1 locus in these incompletely resistant clones was significantly associated with reduced uredinial density and diameter and longer latent period in a growth-room assay and with reduced disease incidence and infection efficiency and longer latent period in a leaf-disk assay. However, high clone-mean heritabilities within the susceptible phenotypic class indicated that genes other than Mmd1 also contribute to control of quantitative traits. Leaf age had a significant effect on uredinial density and latent period but not on uredinial diameter in the growth-room assay. All quantitative traits were intercorrelated to varying extents. A principal components analysis (PCA) demonstrated that uncorrelated components associated with uredinial diameter and uredinial density explained two-thirds of the total variation. Since uredinial diameter (PC1) and necrotic flecking are the visual components of an infection-type rating scale, genetic analyses of poplar rust should be based on infection type. Mmd1 is a major gene for resistance associated with a significant effect on all quantitative traits measured. Gene complexes in domesticated, agricultural rust pathosystems known to provide durable resistance consist of similar "pivotal" major genes and inferred ancillary genes or quantitative trait loci. 相似文献