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1.
[目的]了解奶牛子宫内膜炎乳房链球菌的耐药性和携带毒力基因。[方法]采集香河县5家奶牛场患子宫内膜炎奶牛的子宫黏液样本76份,用PCR鉴定分离菌株的乳房链球菌,采用微量肉汤稀释法测定8种抗菌药对乳房链球菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）,判断其耐药性。用PCR检测乳房链球菌携带的10种毒力基因。[结果]PCR检测出18株乳房链球菌,总分离率23.68%。18株乳房链球菌对克林霉素、庆大霉素、四环素耐药性较高,耐药率分别为66.67%、88.89%、72.22%。所有菌株均携带slp、sua、gapC、fpb、cfu和pauA,而hasA、hasB、acdA检出率分别为38.89%、50.00%、33.33%,未检出hasC。[结论]该地区乳房链球菌是奶牛子宫内膜炎主要致病菌之一,耐药性较严重,毒力基因流行广泛,应加强监测,合理用药。 相似文献
2.
为调查河北地区奶牛隐性乳房炎病原菌的流行情况，本试验采用加州乳房炎检测法(CMT)对河北地区19个规模化奶牛场进行随机抽样调查；采用细菌分离培养、革兰染色镜检、触酶试验、生化鉴定、16S rDNA测序等方法鉴定细菌种属；采用纸片扩散法检测凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS)常见抗生素耐药性。结果显示，在检测的1 819份乳区乳样中，隐性乳房炎样本量为266份，阳性率为15%;在隐性乳房炎样本中，95份检出CNS,检出率为36%;无乳链球菌、乳房链球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、棒状杆菌和停乳链球菌的检出率分别为7%、6%、6%、6%、5%和3%;CNS对青霉素耐药率高达87%,对克林霉素、头孢噻呋和头孢氨苄的耐药率分别为33%、29%和20%,对万古霉素的耐药率为7%。结果表明，引起河北地区规模化奶牛场隐性乳房炎的病原菌主要为CNS,其对青霉素高度耐药，对克林霉素、头孢噻呋和头孢氨苄也具有较高耐药性，其中部分菌株呈现万古霉素耐药性。本试验为河北地区规模化奶牛场中隐性乳房炎的针对性防控和治疗提供了数据支持，对牛乳房炎防控及牧场管理具有参考意义。 相似文献
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4.
《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2019,(9)
对呼和浩特市周边患有奶牛乳房炎的50份奶样进行细菌分离鉴定、致病性评估及药敏试验,初步探讨奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌的耐药特征,比较蒙药与抗生素的抗菌差异。试验结果显示:患有奶牛乳房炎的奶样检出金黄色葡萄球菌18株,占分离菌的37%;链球菌13株,占分离菌的27%;大肠杆菌17株,占分离菌的35%。药敏试验结果表明,金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌对青霉素、头孢噻吩、阿莫西林、克林霉素等药物不敏感,耐药率达到88%以上;而链球菌对青霉素及克林霉素、链霉素不敏感,耐药率达到84.6%以上,对环丙沙星、红霉素、四环素等中度敏感或不敏感。2种蒙药复方对奶牛常见致病菌的抑菌圈直径均大于15.56 mm。在奶牛乳房炎常见菌对青霉素类、头孢类、林可酰胺类药物产生一定的耐药性的情况下,2种蒙药复方对奶牛乳房炎常见菌具有良好的抗菌作用,无耐药性。 相似文献
5.
《中国预防兽医学报》2019,(1)
为调查海南地区奶牛场链球菌的感染情况,本研究对2017年海南澄迈地区某奶牛场收集的67份牛乳样品,经培养基分离、生理生化分析和16S rRNA基因测序,结果显示共检测链球菌感染样品20份,其中乳房链球菌感染样品16份,巴氏链球菌感染4份。乳房链球菌分离株的耐药性检测结果显示,分离株对氨基酸糖苷类抗生素的耐药性最高,其次是四环素类、多肽类和利福霉素类。多重耐药菌株占68.75%(11/16);对11种毒力基因PCR扩增结果显示,除lbp外,其余10种毒力因子在各分离株中的存在率均为100%。以上研究表明,海南奶牛主要受乳房链球菌感染,而非报道最多的无乳链球菌;该乳房链球菌耐药性强、毒力因子发生频率独特,提示可能与海南特殊的生态环境、饲养以及用药措施等相关。本研究首次对海南牛源链球菌进行了鉴定及分析,为该病原防治提供了依据。 相似文献
6.
乳房炎是奶牛养殖业中最常见的一种疾病，会造成奶牛乳腺发炎肿胀，使产奶量大幅下降。作为一种多因素性疾病，奶牛乳房炎发病原因复杂，饲料污染、病原菌感染以及环境因素均可以导致乳房炎的发生。无乳链球菌（Streptococcus agalactiae）作为奶牛乳房炎的主要致病菌，常会造成乳腺组织的局部炎症，随着无乳链球菌分离率的增加以及抗菌药物的滥用，其对抗菌药物的耐药性逐步攀升，给临床治疗带来了一定的困难。此外，无乳链球菌能够定植于宿主体内，破坏宿主的免疫系统，而其自身毒力因子会引起宿主机体疾病的产生。随着相关研究的深入，发现毒力与耐药性本身互为关联，耐药性的增强以不同的方式影响毒力，表明了耐药性与毒力因子之间存在着一定的相关性。笔者主要回顾了国内外链球菌以及其他细菌毒力基因与耐药性之间相关性的研究进展，从无乳链球菌毒力因子及耐药性等多种角度入手，分析了无乳链球菌的毒力机制以及毒力基因，并对近5年国内不同地区无乳链球菌耐药性进行统计，从细菌种类、环境和相关机制对链球菌的毒力和耐药性之间的关系展开综述，以期为无乳链球菌所引起的临床症状筛选出合理的抗菌药物并对毒力基因与耐药性的相关性研究提供理论参考。 相似文献
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为解大肠杆菌在新疆昌吉地区奶牛隐性乳房炎流行中所起的作用,试验对昌吉地区奶牛隐性乳房炎病牛乳样进行了大肠杆菌的分离、鉴定及耐药性研究。结果表明,昌吉地区规模化奶牛场的隐性乳房炎阳性率为40.8%,从671份乳样中分离出大肠杆菌64株,占样本数的9.5%,大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌三种细菌总数的32.16%。药敏试验结果表明鉴定出的64株大肠杆菌对氧氟沙星、头孢唑林、克林霉素敏感;对青霉素、庆大霉素、氨苄西林中度敏感;对链霉素、四环素有耐药性。 相似文献
8.
为查清渭南地区奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌的种类及其药物敏感情况,为本地区奶牛乳房炎的防治提供理论依据,对渭南地区部分奶牛场采集39份临床型或隐性乳房炎乳样进行细菌分离鉴定,并对主要病原菌进行药敏试验。结果表明:从所测乳样中检查出细菌48株,其中金黄色葡萄球菌18株,占37.5%;大肠杆菌14株,占29.2%;无乳链球菌9株,占18.7%;乳房链球菌5株,占10.4%;停乳链球菌2株,占4.2%。主要病原菌对各药物敏感性不同,其中对头孢喹诺、头孢曲松钠、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星均高度敏感,对青霉素、红霉素、克林霉素等有较强的耐药性。 相似文献
9.
为了解华北地区4个省(市)奶牛乳房炎乳中链球菌的感染情况及对常用抗生素的耐药性,试验采用EN液体培养基、5%绵羊鲜血琼脂培养基、触酶试验、6.5%NaCl试验、七叶苷试验、马尿酸钠试验和CAMP试验对2016年华北地区240批次乳房炎奶牛乳样进行链球菌的分离鉴定和分型;采用纸片扩散法对2016年华北地区分离出的链球菌进行药敏试验,对华北地区上下半年及4个省(市)链球菌的药敏情况进行对比;并通过PCR扩增技术研究链球菌的耐药基因,计算链球菌表型耐药率与所携带相关耐药基因的阳性率,比较两者的相符率。结果表明:共分离得到致病性链球菌28株,总分离率为11.67%,其中无乳链球菌7株、停乳链球菌5株和乳房链球菌16株;链球菌分离株对苯唑西林和青霉素G表现出完全耐药;对四环素类药物耐药性较高,强力霉素和四环素的耐药率分别为85.71%和82.14%;对氯霉素类药物高度敏感,敏感率为92.86%;对喹诺酮类和氨基糖苷类药物耐药性较低,平均耐药率分别为8.93%和10.20%;除磺胺类药物外,其他类药物耐药率下半年均低于上半年;在4个省(市)中,天津市链球菌分离株对各类抗生素的平均耐药率高于其他省(市);经PCR扩增检测,耐药基因阳性率在7.14%～26.79%之间,整体检出率较低,耐药基因与耐药表型相符率在0～100%之间,其中氯霉素相符率为0,并不能完全拟合。说明2016年我国华北地区链球菌总检出率较低,乳房链球菌为主要致病菌,链球菌分离株表现出不同程度的耐药性,且多为多重耐药,耐药基因与耐药表型的相符率较低。 相似文献
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停乳链球菌是引起奶牛乳房炎的主要病原菌之一，由其引发的奶牛乳房炎占总发病率的10%～50%。由于该菌具有传染性病原体和环境性病原体的双重特性，因此，该菌在奶牛乳房炎感染和传播过程中扮演着重要角色。牛源停乳链球菌的检测技术包括传统的生化鉴定和分子生物学技术，分子生物学技术包括PCR技术、16S rRNA基因序列测序、基因芯片、环介导恒温扩增法等，不同的检测方法均有其优缺点。牛源停乳链球菌致病性及致病机制与毒力基因相关，如黏附性基因、酶相关基因、生物膜相关基因等。停乳链球菌对常见的抗菌药耐药严重，且出现多重耐药性，耐药机制主要是停乳链球菌携带耐药基因所致。停乳链球菌疫苗有灭活疫苗、重组亚单位疫苗、蛋白疫苗等，但仍处于研究阶段。本文对牛源停乳链球菌分离鉴定技术、致病性及致病机制、耐药性及耐药机制、疫苗研发等方面进行综述，以期为防控停乳链球菌引起的乳房炎提供指导。 相似文献
11.
Denamiel G Llorente P Carabella M Rebuelto M Gentilini E 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2005,52(3):125-128
The in vitro susceptibility to penicillin G, erythromycin and clindamycin was determined by the disc diffusion test and by E-test for a total of 47 streptococcal strains (three Streptococcus uberis, 36 Streptococcus agalactiae, eight Streptococcus dysgalactiae spp. dysgalactiae) isolated from bovine intramammary infections in Argentina. Moreover, resistance phenotypes of erythromycin-resistant streptococcal isolates was characterized. MIC90 of penicillin G, erythromycin and clindamycin for S. agalactiae were 0.75, 8.0 and 12.0 microg/ml respectively. Resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was detected in 13 (27.6%) and 12 (25.5%) isolates respectively. No isolate was resistant to penicillin G. Resistance against macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B (MLS(B)) represented by the constitutive MLS(B) phenotype was present in 11 (23.4%) erythromycin-resistant isolates and two isolates (4.3%) expressed the M phenotype. The inducible MLS(B) phenotype was not identified. Results suggest that beta-lactams are the first-line antibiotics when treating streptococcal udder infections; however, the continuous monitoring of the antibiotic resistance is essential, as the emergence of resistant strains has become a growing concern on the therapy of bovine mastitis. 相似文献
12.
A collection of 77 Staphylococcus intermedius isolates from dogs and cats in Switzerland was examined for resistance to erythromycin. Resistance profiles for 14 additional antibiotics were compared between erythromycin-resistant and susceptible isolates. A resistance prevalence of 27% for erythromycin was observed in the population under study. Complete correlation between resistance to erythromycin, and to spiramycin, streptomycin, and neomycin was observed. The erythromycin-resistant isolates all had a reduced susceptibility to clindamycin when compared to the erythromycin-susceptible isolates. Both constitutive and inducible resistance phenotypes were observed for clindamycin. Ribotyping showed that macrolide-aminoglycoside resistance was randomly distributed among unrelated strains. This suggests that this particular resistance profile is not related to a single bacterial clone but to the horizontal transfer of resistance gene clusters in S. intermedius populations. The erythromycin-resistant isolates were all carrying erm(B), but not erm(A), erm(C), or msr(A). The erm(B) gene was physically linked to Tn5405-like elements known as resistance determinants for streptomycin, streptothricin, neomycin and kanamycin. Analysis of the region flanking erm(B) showed the presence of two different groups of erm(B)-Tn5405-like elements in the S. intermedius population examined and of elements found in Gram-positive species other than staphylococci. This strongly suggests that erm(B) or the whole erm(B)-Tn5405-like elements in S. intermedius originate from other bacterial species, possibly from enterococci. 相似文献
13.
Streptococcus uberis is an important environmental pathogen that causes subclinical and clinical mastitis in lactating and nonlactating cows throughout the world. S. uberis adhesion molecule (SUAM) was identified recently by our laboratory and we hypothesize that SUAM is a potential virulence factor involved in the pathogenesis of S. uberis mastitis. The first objective of the present study was to clone and sequence the SUAM gene (sua) from S. uberis UT888. The second objective was to determine the prevalence of sua in strains of S. uberis isolated from geographically diverse locations. The 20 amino acid N-terminal sequence of purified SUAM was utilized to identify a single open reading frame (ORF) in the S. uberis O140J (ATCC BAA-854) genome database. Three sets of primers were identified from this sequence for amplification of sub-fragments and the complete gene encoding SUAM. Restriction fragment analysis of the largest polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product confirmed the desired fragment had been amplified. This 2970bp PCR fragment was cloned into plasmid pCR-XL-TOPO and sequenced. The S. uberis UT888 sua sequence (NCBI Accession no. DQ232760) was 99% similar to the S. uberis O140J database sequence. The three pairs of PCR primers were used in a subsequent experiment to identify sua in 12 strains of S. uberis isolated in milk from dairy cows with mastitis in Tennessee (n=6), Colorado (n=1), Washington (n=1), New Zealand (n=1) and from the American Type Culture Collection (n=3). Primer pairs yielded the expected 2970, 2639 and 2362bp PCR fragments in all strains evaluated. In conclusion, we cloned and sequenced sua, which codes for the first described S. uberis adhesin, SUAM. sua was detected in all strains of S. uberis evaluated suggesting that it is conserved. 相似文献
14.
The antibacterial properties of bacteriophage lytic enzymes may be of importance in future mastitis control programs. A prophage was isolated from a strain of Streptococcus uberis (ATCC 700407) following exposure to mitomycin C. Partial sequencing of the phage DNA revealed a putative lysin based on sequence similarity to other streptococcal phage lysins. The putative lysin (Ply700) was recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli, and chromatographically purified. Addition of the purified Ply700 to bacterial suspensions of S. uberis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus dysgalactiae caused a rapid, calcium-dependent lysis while there was little activity against Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, or E. coli. Killing of S. uberis in milk by Ply700 (50 microg/ml) was confirmed by plate count assay. Activity was related to the initial concentration of bacteria in that 31% killing (P<0.05) was observed with an inoculating dose of approximately 4500 cfu/ml, while 81% killing (P<0.01) was observed when the inoculum was reduced to approximately 600 cfu/ml. In contrast, complete sterilization was observed in parallel cultures suspended in assay buffer indicating that factors in milk are able to neutralize the lysin. Functional characterization of the C-terminal domain, as a component of a GFP fusion protein, revealed its calcium-dependent ability to bind to S. uberis. The C-terminal domain may have utility in targeting S. uberis while it remains to be determined if the lysin by itself has sufficient potency in milk for effective use in the control of S. uberis mastitis. 相似文献
15.
The role of indirect binding of host proteins through glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on adherence and internalization of Streptococcus uberis to bovine mammary epithelial cells was evaluated. Preincubation of S. uberis with GAGs followed by incubation with fetal bovine serum (FBS), bovine milk or milk proteins resulted in greater adherence to and internalization of S. uberis into mammary epithelial cells than observed in untreated controls. Highest values were detected, when final incubation was done with milk. Greater adherence to and internalization into mammary epithelial cells were observed when heparin sulfate (HEP) and milk were used compared with any other GAG and FBS. When individual milk proteins were used, greatest adherence and internalization were observed when S. uberis strains were pretreated with HEP followed by treatment with beta-casein. The findings of this study illustrate a pathogenic strategy of S. uberis that may occur during the very early stages of infection. 相似文献
16.
Alber J El-Sayed A Lämmler C Hassan AA Zschöck M 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2004,51(4):180-184
Streptococcus uberis, a well-known bacterial pathogen associated with bovine mastitis, appears to be biochemically and serologically almost indistinguishable from the closely related species Streptococcus parauberis. In the present study, species-specific oligonucleotide primers were designed using internal parts of the genes sodA, encoding superoxide dismutase A, and cpn60 encoding chaperonin 60 of S. uberis and S. parauberis, respectively. The two oligonucleotide primer pairs allowed a rapid and reliable PCR-mediated identification and differentiation of both species. These studies, performed with S. uberis and S. parauberis reference cultures and clinical isolates from routine diagnostics, revealed that the occurrence of S. parauberis as causative agent of bovine mastitis appears to be rare. In addition the sodA and cpn60 sequence data confirmed that both species could taxonomically be classified to the pyogenic group of genus Streptococcus. 相似文献
17.
N Chai 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》1999,30(4):587-588
Streptococcus uberis was cultured from vegetative endocarditis lesions in a scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah) from the Parc de la Haute Touche, France. This is the first reported single isolation of S. uberis from an oryx with vegetative endocarditis leading to fatal congestive heart failure. 相似文献
18.
Prevalence of pathogens causing subclinical mastitis in 15 dairy herds in the Republic of Ireland 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
: Milk samples from 285 cows in 15 dairy herds were collected for bacteriological analysis. Cows were selected on the basis of a somatic cell count (SCC) exceeding 200,000 cells per ml at the three most recent milk recordings prior to sampling. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus uberis were the predominant isolates accounting for 21% (n = 61) and 19% (n = 53) of isolates, respectively. Streptococcus uberis was more frequently isolated from split-calving herds than from spring-calving herds and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.005). Herds with suboptimal housing had a significantly greater prevalence of S. uberis than did herds where housing was adequate (P < 0.005). The isolation rates for S. aureus was significantly greater in herds where parlour hygiene was suboptimal (P < 0.05). 相似文献
19.
Almeida RA Oliver SP 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2001,48(10):759-763
We reported previously that pre-incubation of Streptococcus uberis with collagen induced expression of S. uberis surface proteins. In a subsequent study, we showed that incubation of S. uberis with extracellular matrix proteins, particularly collagen, increased adherence and internalization of S. uberis to mammary epithelial cells. In the present report, the potential mechanism by which S. uberis exploits the presence of collagen to enhance adherence to bovine mammary epithelial cells was evaluated. Adherence assays were conducted with S. uberis pre-treated with and without collagen and co-cultured in medium supplemented with or without collagen. Pre-incubation with collagen followed by co-culture in medium containing collagen up-regulated ligands that enhanced adherence of S. uberis to mammary epithelial cells. Collagen-up-regulated ligand(s) also increased adherence of S. uberis to mammary epithelial cells in the absence of collagen, but adherence was lower than when collagen was present during the adherence assay. Chloramphenicol was added to the culture medium to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. Adherence decreased significantly in chloramphenicol-treated S. uberis pre-treated or co-cultured in the presence of collagen. These results suggest that S. uberis expresses ligands with affinity for collagen that are up-regulated by collagen. We hypothesize that these ligands increase adherence by using collagen as a bridge between the bacterium and host cell and/or by direct interaction with host cell receptor(s). 相似文献
20.
Streptococcus uberis is a major cause of bovine mastitis and infections commonly result from environmental exposure to the pathogen. To identify specific sources of mastitis-causing S. uberis strains, samples were collected monthly from the environment and feces of dry cows in a grazing herd. Environmental and fecal strains of S. uberis were compared to those found in milk. S. uberis was detected in 63% of 94 environmental samples, including water, soil, plant matter, bedding material, flies, and hay, in 23% of 107 fecal samples, and in 4% of 787 milk samples. Automated PvuII ribotyping revealed 48 ribotypes among 266 isolates. Per sample, up to five ribotypes were detected. The distribution of ribotypes did not differ significantly among environmental, fecal and milk samples. Specific environmental sources or strains of udder-pathogenic S. uberis were not identified. Fecal shedding was not persistent and did not differ between dry-off and calving. The proportion of fecal samples containing S. uberis was highest during the summer grazing season. S. uberis was common in farm soil (31 of 35 samples) but not in non-farm soil (0 of 11 samples). We hypothesize that fecal shedding of S. uberis may play a role in maintenance of S. uberis populations in the dairy ecosystem. 相似文献