共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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番茄是赫章县城蔬菜市场上的主要品种之一,不少菜农利用塑料大棚种植番茄获得了较好的经济效益.但是近年来一些塑料大棚内种植的番茄由于遭到有害生物的严重危害,导致大幅度减产,部分菜农为此焦头烂额.为了对塑料大棚番茄有害生物进行无害化治理,笔者于2003-2004年在摸清塑料大棚番茄有害生物发生情况的基础上,开展了无害化治理技术的示范研究,同时,提出了无公害控制技术措施. 相似文献
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中药材产业在促进农业产业结构调整、增加农民收入、提高农产品竞争力等方面都具有重要的意义.2006年思南县将中药材产业作为一项支柱产业,为了促进思南县中药材产业的发展,加强中药材GAP生产过程中病虫害的综合防治,尽快掌握地产中药材主要有害生物的发生种类和危害情况,为思南县地产中药材检疫性有害生物的监控治理及有害生物的防治提供科学依据.根据贵州省植保植检站"关于进一步做好贵州省地产中药材有害生物种类调查工作的通知",思南县植保植检站组织技术人员对全县27个乡镇地产中药材有害生物种类进行了全面系统调查. 相似文献
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中药材半夏的栽培管理及病虫害防治 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
毕节地区是一个典型的喀斯特地质地貌 ,海拔落差大 ,中药材的品种繁多 ,且品质优良。随着西部大开发的进一步深入和我区种植结构的调整 ,中药材的生产已逐步成为我区的一项新兴产业 ,2 0 0 0年全区中药材种植面积为 2 0 0 0ｈｍ2 ,2 0 0 2年全区中药材种植面积扩大为 3333ｈｍ2 ,而半夏占整个种植面积的 2 7.3%。但是在生产栽培的过程中 ,由于管理不科学、病虫防治跟不上 ,导致品质、产量都达不到预期的目标 ,严重挫伤了农民的积极性 ,同时也制约了我区中药材的生产。为此 ,现将半夏的栽培管理及有害生物防治技术简介如下 :1 半夏的栽培管… 相似文献
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瓮安县太子参病毒病的发生及防治 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
随着瓮安县中药材种植面积的迅速扩大．特别是太子参种植面积增加较快．2011年全县种植面积已达1000hm^2．太子参成了瓮安县的特色优势作物。由于种植面积的逐年增加．太子参病毒病发生为害也逐年加重．2011年全县发生面积达833hm^2．占种植面积的83．3％。近3年太子参病毒病病株率在20％～75％．产量损失15％～35％．严重影响中药材产业的发展和农民增收。为了找出相应的控制对策．提高太子参种植效益．笔者近年来对太子参病毒病的发生及为害情况开展了调查。同时进行了有效的防治。 相似文献
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观察和处理了繁缕和无瓣繁缕６个野生群体以及狗牙根的两个栽培群体,结果发现：（１）繁缕的长势与土壤中的有机质含量有关,有机质越丰富,长势越好;（２）繁缕的生活周期远较无瓣繁缕长。营养生长期,繁缕为６０～８０ｄ,无瓣繁缕为２０～３５ｄ;（３）和繁缕和无瓣繁缕都能耐受适度的践踏,但无瓣繁缕更能适应践踏。因此繁缕和无瓣繁缕有作为资源植物－牧草和冬季草坪草的潜力;（４）无瓣繁缕与狗牙根的生长期互补。 相似文献
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Judith A. Turner Tracey Chantry Moray C. Taylor Marc C. Kennedy 《Plant pathology》2021,70(8):1759-1778
In continuation of the annual national surveys of winter wheat, which began in 1970, samples from between 250 and 350 randomly selected wheat crops in England and Wales between 1999 to 2019 were visually assessed for disease symptoms during the milky ripe development stages (GS 73–75). Septoria tritici blotch was the most prevalent and severe foliar disease each year, although annual levels fluctuated considerably and there was no overall significant change over the two decades. Incidence of brown rust, yellow rust, take-all, and barley yellow dwarf virus also showed no significant overall change during the survey period, whereas glume blotch, powdery mildew, eyespot, and sharp eyespot all showed significant decline. Fusarium ear blight has significantly increased in both incidence and severity, causing a serious epidemic in 2012, when 96% of crops were affected. Tan spot has been the third most prevalent foliar disease since 2009 although severity is still very low. Regional disease levels were consistent over the two decades, providing reliable baselines to measure changes in seasonal disease severity. There were significant changes in agronomic practice with a rise to predominance of minimum tillage over the use of ploughing, decreases in overall disease susceptibility of cultivars grown, a major increase in the use of oilseed rape in the rotation and a long-term trend towards earlier sowing. Fungicide use increased considerably, with over 98% crops sprayed and an average of 3.5 applications made per crop each year since 2014. Implications of changes over the last 21 years are discussed. 相似文献
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采用高效液相色谱和气相色谱法,分别研究了吡虫啉和百菌清在薄膜大棚设施内外葫芦叶和黄瓜中消解动态及其在葫芦和黄瓜中的残留量,并结合气象因子对产生残留差异的原因进行了分析。样品中的吡虫啉经乙腈和盐酸溶液提取,中性氧化铝和弗罗里硅土层析柱净化后,用高效液相色谱检测;百菌清经乙腈提取,中性氧化铝层析柱净化后,用气相色谱检测。结果表明:吡虫啉在设施内外葫芦叶和黄瓜中均消解迅速,施药7 d后,其在设施内外葫芦叶上的消解率分别为90.4%和98.7%,在黄瓜中的消解率分别为67.8%和85.9%;而百菌清在葫芦叶上的消解速率均比在黄瓜中的稍慢,施药7 d后其在设施内外葫芦叶上的消解率分别为15.4%和38.1%,在黄瓜中的消解率分别为87.8%和91.5%。表明2种农药在设施外2种蔬菜上的消解速率均快于设施内的。两种农药均是在设施外葫芦及黄瓜中的残留量低于设施内的,而降雨和光照强度可能是引起农药在设施内外蔬菜上残留差异的主要因子。 相似文献
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中国的沙暴、尘暴及其防治 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
沙尘暴在进入 90年代以来有进一步加剧趋势 ,其原因在于此期我国西北地区气候干暖化态势明显 ,人类超负荷开发资源加剧 ,从而导致沙尘暴的频繁发生 ,但总体上仍属于正常的灾害现象。我国沙暴只能发生于干旱半干旱区 ,尘暴则可波及半湿润与湿润区 ,由此而论 ,北京的沙尘暴属于尘暴范畴 ,北京不会形成沙漠区。防治沙尘暴必须采取水、土、植被综合防治措施 ,基本对策是 :1 .搞好流域为单元的水土资源合理利用规划 ,进行水土保持综合防治 ;2 .增加地表植被复盖 ,搞好防护林体系建设 ;3 .减轻土地利用强度 ,恢复提高土地抗蚀能力 ;4.加强管理体系建设 ,依法建设生态环境。建议国家设立水土保持为主要职能的生态环境建设委员会 ,统一协调布署我国的生态环境建设工作。 相似文献
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Fireblight in Hawthorn in England and Denmark 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
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借助观测资料与FNL全球分析资料,对比研究2017年与2014年西安高温天气基本特征与有利环流形势,结果表明：① 2 a西安均发生了40 ℃以上的长时间持续高温天气,其中2014年属于常规高温年份,而2017年西安高温则提前1个月发生,高温的提前发生主要是因为南亚高压强于正常年份同期强度;② 不同于我国南方地区的闷湿高温,西安高温属于干性高温,且昼夜温差较小,由此造成24 h对人体的不适;③ 详细描述了西安高温发生的典型环流特征,即南亚高压与西太平洋副热带高压（简称副高）同时增强,并在对流层中高层相互贯通;④
南亚高压是影响我国西北地区的主要热源基地,在较大经向度的有利环流背景下,强风速可将热气团向南向东深度输送至下游地区（即西安）;⑤ 在“上辐合、下辐散”的散度场配置下,西安500 hPa以下高空维持明显的下沉气流,加之有利的局部要素相配合,最终造成该地区高温天气的发生。 相似文献
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The relative pathogenicity of isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina was comparable both on sunflower tissue cultures and on mature plants and seedlings. The relative susceptibility of the different sunflower lines in vitro showed a similar pattern for cotyledon callus cultures, but not for immature embryo cultures. Although these protocols appear to be unsuitable for the selection of novel disease resistance, they do offer the potential for a rapid, non-destructive screen for resistant material. 相似文献
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There are many possible ways to improve the economic crisis in Thailand, and it is agreed that development of agricultural production is ideal for improving the economic situation in an agricultural country such as Thailand. A strategic plan for agricultural and agro‐industry research is included in the national research agenda and can be classified into nine groups covering different research areas. Most research is based on the agricultural production of four main product groups: (i) crops; (ii) aquatic animals/plants and fisheries products; (iii) poultry, livestock and animal products; and (iv) forest resources. Trends in research and development in weed management for crop production will continue to support the food demands and the development of efficient production of quality products. 相似文献
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Milk, hay and silage produced in orchard and non-orchard areas have been analysed for their content of chlorinated pesticides. The residue levels in milk produced in orchard areas were about double those in milk produced in non-orchard areas. The levels in hay were much higher (30% up to sevenfold) in the hay produced in orchard areas and the levels in silage from the two areas showed small differences. Milk collected after cattle had been grazing in an orchard for 3 to 4 days contained 10% more pp′-DDT and 2-, 3-, 7- and 15-fold morepp′-DDE, pp′-TDE and heptachlor epoxide, gamma-BHC and pp′-TDE olefin [1-chloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene], respectively, than did the samples collected one day before the cattle grazed in the orchard. 相似文献
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Selection of crop genotypes that are more competitive with weeds for light interception may improve crop yield stability in the presence of weeds. The effects of interference on ecophysiological characteristics of Abutilon theophrasti Medic. and three morphologically diverse grain sorghum hybrids was evaluated to determine the relative tolerance and suppressive ability of the three hybrids and specific traits that may contribute to those differences. A tall hybrid was more tolerant to A. theophrasti interference than two medium stature hybrids. Early leaf area growth of two medium-stature sorghum hybrids was reduced by A. theophrasti interference, whereas early growth of a tall hybrid was unaffected. The height of A. theophrasti was greater than two moderate-stature hybrids but lower than the tall hybrid. Greatest leaf area density (LD ) of the tall sorghum hybrid was above that of A. theophrasti , whereas greatest LD of medium-stature hybrids was below that of the weed. In monoculture, the partitioning of new biomass to various plant organs was similar among sorghum hybrids, whereas the tall sorghum hybrid partitioned less biomass to leaves and more to stems than medium hybrids in mixture. The results indicate that the three hybrids differ in their susceptibility to A. theophrasti competition. Crop traits that may contribute to greater crop competitiveness include greater maximum height and its growth rate and greater height of maximum leaf area distribution. 相似文献