共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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研究了6个不同品种燕麦的染色体倍性差异,通过根尖染色体计数法和气孔保卫细胞横纵径及保卫细胞叶绿体计数法等方法对燕麦染色体倍性进行了观察鉴定.结果表明,6个不同品种燕麦中定燕1号、晋燕8号、晋燕17号、宁莜1号为六倍体(2 n=6 x=42),白燕6号、白燕7号为四倍体(2 n=4 x=28),同倍性不同种之间气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数目相近,不同倍性间气孔保卫细胞的大小差异较明显.经X2适合性检测,六倍体和四倍体植株气孔保卫细胞横径均值之比和保卫细胞叶绿体数的平均值之比符合其染色体数目之比3∶2,而纵径均值比值不符合. 相似文献
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割手密抗逆性强、染色体数目变化范围广、倍性水平丰富,是甘蔗改良育种中重要的亲本材料。为探究缅甸割手密的倍性关系,本研究选取5个不同染色体数目类型的缅甸割手密材料进行荧光原位杂交5S r DNA定位。研究结果表明材料2015-95(2n=48)有6个杂交位点,材料2015-61(2n=56)有7个杂交位点,材料2015-25(2n=64)有8个杂交位点,材料2015-68(2n=80)有10个杂交位点,材料2015-31(2n=96)有12个杂交位点。说明缅甸割手密的染色体基数是x=8,5份材料分别是六倍体(6x)、七倍体(7x)、八倍体(8x)、十倍体(10x)和十二倍体(12x)。研究结果对缅甸割手密的采集、保存及利用具有一定参考价值。 相似文献
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以郁南无核黄皮作为原料,分别用糖化酶和超声波对无核黄皮进行脱苦处理,以总黄酮的去除率为评价脱苦的指标,探究无核黄皮脱苦工艺。结果表明,在酶添加量0.25%,酶作用时间4 h时的无核黄皮脱苦率达69.8%;在pH值6,超声时间90 min,料液比1∶1 (g∶m L)条件下,无核黄皮脱苦率达65.8%。 相似文献
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平邑甜茶与扎矮山定子杂交后代的倍性鉴定及核型分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了确定平邑甜茶[Malus hupehensis（Pamp.）Rehd]与扎矮山定子[Malus Baccata（L.）Borkh]杂交后代的倍性特征和核型特点,以风油精为预处理液采用常规压片法对杂交后代进行染色体数目观察和核型分析,以亲本和普通山定子为对照。结果表明：供试材料中6株皱叶型株系均为四倍体,2n=4x=68。染色体均为小型,染色体长度比差异不大,核型组成由中部着丝点染色体（m）和亚中部着丝点染色体（sm）组成。株系10#、14#、15#、19#、28#、33#核型公式分别为,2n=4x=44m＋24sm,2n=4x=60m＋8sm,2n=4x=20m＋48sm,2n=4x=52m＋16sm,2n=4x=56m＋12sm,2n=4x=48m＋20sm,核型分别为1B、2B、2A、2B、1A和1B类型;1株光叶株系为非整倍体,2n=43,核型公式为2n=22m＋18sm＋3st,核型为2B类型。表现为株系之间的核型不完全相同。试验为丰富无融合生殖型砧木的育种理论,获得新的苹果无融合生殖型砧木提供有益的借鉴。 相似文献
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为探索香葱染色体核型特点,采用滴片技术获得3个香葱品种的根尖细胞染色体片子,并进行染色体核型分析。结果表明,3个香葱品种均为二倍体,染色体数目为2n=2x=16,平坝白葱的染色体较赫章黑葱和赫章红葱粗短,呈近椭圆形。赫章黑葱的核型公式为2n=2x=14 m+2 sm, 16条染色体中臂比大于2的染色体占总染色体数的12.5%,核型不对称系数为59.06%,核型类型为2A;赫章红葱的核型公式为2n=2x=12 m+4 sm, 16条染色体中臂比大于2的染色体占总染色体数的12.5%,核型不对称系数为59.16%,核型类型为2A;平坝香葱的核型公式为2n=2x=14 m+2 st, 16条染色体中臂比大于2的染色体占总染色体数的12.5%,核型不对称系数为57.10%,核型类型为2A。3个品种中进化程度最高的是赫章红葱,最低的是平坝白葱。 相似文献
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采用常规压片法对北美驼绒藜的4个世代进行了核型变异分析,结果表明:北美驼绒藜各世代体细胞染色体数目为2n=18,均为二倍体,核型公式均为2n=2x=18=18m,其核型均属1A型.北美驼绒藜的4个世代间无染色体数量变异,但存在结构变异,主要表现在染色体绝对长度、染色体长度组成、染色体长度比、平均臂比等方面,其中,染色体绝对长度变异系数较大. 相似文献
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普通小麦—顶芒山羊草异源附加系的创建和鉴定——Ⅰ. 小麦花药培养对创建普通小麦—顶芒山羊草异源附加系的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过顶芒山羊草(Aegilops comosa 2n=2x=14,MM)与波斯小麦(Triticumpersicum 2n=4x=28,AABB)杂交,人工合成遗传上相对稳定的双二倍体(2n=6x=42,AABBMM),以此为桥梁,与普通小麦(Triticum aestivum)品种“欧柔”进行正反杂(回)交,借助花药培养过程中能产生非整倍单倍体和非整倍双倍体的特点,在改良C_(17)固体培养基上接种花药,诱导愈伤组织,获得145株绿色花粉植株,从中选择6株2n=44的双倍体和9株n=22的单倍体,用0.1％秋水仙素加倍处理n=22的单倍体,于花粉母细胞减数分裂时期进一步检查染色体构型,选择出6份21对染色体并附加有1对落后染色体的材料。 相似文献
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Sexual hybridization between Capsella bursa‐pastoris (L.) Medik (♀) and Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz (♂) (Brassicaceae) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Sara L. Martin Connie A. Sauder Tracey James Kyle W. Cheung Fakhria M. Razeq Paul Kron Linda Hall 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(2):212-220
The development of transgenic oilseed Camelina sativa (2n = 40) and the potential for hybridization with its weedy relative Capsella bursa‐pastoris (2n = 36) necessitates a careful evaluation of the reproductive compatibility between the species. Here, we conducted over 1800 crosses (emasculation and manual pollination) to examine the ability of 10 Canadian C. bursa‐pastoris (♀) accessions to hybridize with five accessions of C. sativa (♂). Seven hybrids were confirmed among 586 putative hybrids screened with species‐specific markers, indicating a hybridization rate of 1.5 hybrids per 10 000 ovules pollinated. All seven hybrids had intermediate DNA content compared to their parents, were morphologically distinct, had low (1.9%) pollen fertility and failed to produce selfed or backcrossed seed. Given the abundance of C. bursa‐pastoris along field margins, hybrids will likely be generated in the wild, but they will be unable to establish lineages unless fertility is restored. The large number of crosses and the diversity captured by the use of multiple accessions resulted in strong statistical power and a high degree of confidence in the estimated hybridization rate. 相似文献
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氮磷钾与茶叶品质关系的研究综述 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
茶叶是中国重要的经济作物,茶多酚、儿茶素、氨基酸、咖啡碱和水浸出物为国际上公认的茶叶品质成份。氮、磷、钾是茶树正常生长所必需的营养元素,它们与茶叶品质成分的形成与含量有着密切关系。适量的施氮对茶叶品质有较好的促进作用,施氮不足或过量则会对茶叶品质产生极大的不良影响;此外,茶树有喜铵耐铵的特性,施用NH4+—N肥有利于改善茶叶品质。磷能促进类黄酮物质的形成以及增加茶多酚、氨基酸和咖啡碱的含量。钾能显著提高茶叶中的游离氨基酸、茶多酚等内含物的含量,对水浸出物、儿茶素等含量也有影响;不同钾肥品种对茶叶品质影响不同,就提高茶叶氨基酸的效果而言,以硫酸钾最好。氮、磷、钾三种元素配合施用对提高茶叶品质起到良好的效果,单施其中一种不仅无助于茶叶品质的提高,反而会使茶叶品质降低。 相似文献
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Summary To introduce resistance to fungal and viral diseases into urdbean (Vigna mungo), it was crossed with adzukibean (Vigna angularis) to achieve an interspecific hybrid between the two species by using different non-conventional breeding methods. Partial success was obtained with the use of UV irradiated pollen, intraspecific hybrids as parents and spray of immuno-suppressants on the female parent under glass house conditions and to the extent of callusing in aseptic culture. 相似文献
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N. Arumugam A. Mukhopadhyay V. Gupta Y. S. Sodhi J. K. Verma D. Pental A. K. Pradhan 《Plant Breeding》2002,121(2):168-170
Brassica carinata (BBCC), a potential oilseed crop for dry land agriculture, is sensitive to high temperatures during germination and early stages of growth, which thereby restricts the possibility of using the residual soil moisture available after the rainy season for its cultivation. To overcome this problem, a three‐genome hybrid, RCBB, was synthesized using Raphanus sativus (RR) and Brassica oleracea (CC) as donor sources for the desired heat tolerance. Protoplasts of RC hybrids obtained through sexual crosses between R. sativus (female) and B. oleracea (male) were fused with protoplasts of Brassica nigra (BB) to produce RCBB somatic hybrids. The hybrid colonies regenerated with an average frequency of 7.6%. Twelve out of 36 hybrids grown to maturity were characterized for their nuclear and organelle genomes. While all the hybrids showed the presence of B. nigra chloroplasts, 10 of the hybrids showed B. nigra‐specific mitochondria and two had Raphanus‐spedfic mitochondria. The somatic hybrids could be backcrossed to B. carinata. 相似文献
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锌、锰对棉花吸收氮、磷养分的影响及机理研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
较高或较低浓度的土壤锌、锰影响棉花对氮、磷养分的吸收、而合适的土壤锌、锰浓度能促进棉花根系和地上部对氮、磷的吸收和积累。提高植株及茎、叶、蕾、铃中氮、磷的含量,对棉花的生产发育,产量及产量构成因素都表现出明显的促进作用,通过水培试验研究发明,锌、锰在一定浓度条件下所表现的促进作用,主要是提高了棉花植株的根系活力,增加棉株叶片的叶绿素含量,调节棉株体内的酶活性,从而增加了棉花对营养物质的吸收、运输和代谢、提高了氮、磷的利用率、增加棉花的产量。 相似文献
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Summary The effect of different storage conditions on cocoyam pollen viability was investigated. Two levels of temperature (0° and 5°C) and four levels of relative humidity (0, 10, 20 and 30 percent) represented the storage environments.Viable cocoyam pollen could be obtained after 28 days in storage. The best storage condition was 5°C and 30% relative humidity. 相似文献
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Yukio Akiyama Yasufumi Ueyama Seiya Hamada Akito Kubota Daisuke Kato Hitomi Yamada-Akiyama Yoshinori Takahara Masahiro Fujimori 《Breeding Science》2016,66(2):234-243
Festulolium is a hybrid between Festuca and Lolium species that has valuable agronomic traits from both grass species. The purpose of our breeding program is to produce hexaploid festulolium that introduces tolerance to summer depression into Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) by crossing it with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). However, we found the DNA ploidy of hexaploids was not stable and was reduced in successive generations. We aimed to find out how to obtain stable high-ploidy festulolium. F1 hybrids of L. multiflorum and F. arundinacea were produced. The F3 generation was produced from putative hexaploid F2 individuals by open pollination. The F4 to F6 generations were obtained by polycrossing. The DNA ploidy levels of F2 to F6 individuals were estimated by flow cytometry. Cytological characteristics of the F5 and F6 individuals were investigated by FISH and GISH. The DNA ploidy level of hexaploid festulolium was reduced and stabilized at almost the same level as a tetraploid. Seed fertility was inversely correlated with an increase in ploidy level. GISH revealed no preferential Lolium transmission. FISH with a telomere probe revealed that counting the exact number of chromosomes in festulolium was difficult. DNA ploidy level was strongly correlated with the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
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Summary Five strains of mungbeans were grown at 8-, 12-, 13-, 14-, 15-, and 16-hour photoperiods in plant environmental chambers. The strains did not differ in days to flower at the 8- and 12-hour photoperiods, but flowering was delayed and plant height increased differentially when the photoperiod was increased beyond 12 hours. Two strains exhibited only slight sensitivity over the range of photoperiods studied. Two strains failed to flower within a 180-day period at the 16-hour photoperiod. The results corroborate observations in the First International Mungbean Nursery in which 28 strains grown at low latitudes (short photoperiods) had a narrow range in days to flowering, with the range becoming wider at the higher latitudes (longer photoperiods). The results provide evidence that response to photoperiod is important in the adaptation of mungbean strains in different latitudes.Contribution No. 6890 from the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station. 相似文献