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1.
《水土保持研究》2020,(2)
基于洞庭湖流域85个气象站点1961—2016年日降水数据和美国NCEP再分析数据,分析了洞庭湖流域1961—2016年雨季(5—9月)极端降水事件环流演变特征,考虑到极端降水的空间差异性,先采用som-k方法对极端降水数据聚类,再分析不同类型极端降水事件的环流演变规律。结果表明:低对流层气旋性涡旋的发展、500 hPa低压槽的加强、洞庭湖流域东南侧辐合带增强是该区域极端降水发生的重要原因,辐合上升运动区明显增强北移。各类别极端降水异常水汽输送通道并不一致,但异常水汽都主要来源于孟加拉湾、南海、西太平洋,受西太平洋副热带高压西侧的异常水汽流影响。西太平洋副热带高压的季节变化配合大气环流形势差异,导致动力上升条件不同,造成了洞庭湖流域极端降水事件的时空差异:北部型分布在27°—30°N,集中在6月、7月;中部型分布在26°—27°N,集中在5月、6月;南部型分布在25°—26°N,集中在5月、6月。 相似文献
2.
华北地区降水蒸发差与西太平洋副热带高压的关系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为揭示华北地区当代水资源受大气内部运动规律制约和海气相互作用的影响,采用小波相关和交叉小波变换方法,分析了华北地区降水蒸发差与西太平洋副热带高压脊线和北界位置变化的时频相关。结果表明,2000年以来华北南部的水资源短缺问题有所缓解,但以北京为中心的华北东北部仍处于持续缺水期;华北地区降水蒸发差与副高脊线及北界位置变化相关密切,存在年际和年代际尺度的显著相关振荡,与副高脊线的年代际尺度相关凝聚性最强;时域中年际尺度相关存在局部化特征,年代际尺度相关具有阶段性。分析认为,2000年以来副高脊线和北界位置偏北并维持反气旋型环流,有利于水汽向华北输送,使得华北降水增多成为近年来华北南部降水蒸发差增大的主要原因;而华北东北部仍处于持续缺水期,与东亚季风减弱不利于西南气流的水汽输送以及蒙古高原显著增暖导致蒸发增大等因素有关。副高强度和位置异常影响东亚季风强度和西风带槽脊位置引起华北降水和气温变化发生异常,对华北地区降水蒸发差的年际和年代际变化具有重要作用。 相似文献
3.
利用1970—2015年海南岛18市县月降水资料及NCEP/NCAR逐月再分析资料,探讨海南岛四季水汽特征及其与降水异常关系。结果显示:海南岛多雨年和少雨年水汽输送特征明显不同,各季多雨年、少雨年对比也不同;西南风水汽输送进入南海后转向与南下东北风冷空气汇合形成气旋性异常环流,造成海南春季降水,而西南风水汽输送与副高南侧偏东风水汽输送在海南岛上空交汇,造成夏季多雨;秋季多雨年,西南风水汽输送转向后汇合副高南侧偏东风水汽以偏东风急流形式影响海南岛;春季少雨年时,海南岛位于水汽输送大值中心入口位置,整体水汽收支为对外输出,而东部气旋式水汽环流异常和中南半岛附近反气旋水汽环流异常作用造成夏季降水偏少,秋季少雨年,西南水汽输送和西太平洋偏东风水汽输送较常年偏弱,冬季少雨年,西南水汽输送异常偏弱,海南岛受偏北风水汽输送影响。 相似文献
4.
为获得成都盛夏降水的时空分布特征,通过2008—2020年中国自动站与CMORPH降水产品融合的逐时降水资料,分析了成都地区盛夏7月、8月降水的时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)成都地区盛夏平均降水量总体呈西高东低的分布趋势。(2)成都盛夏以夜间降水为主,雨带明显向东传递,降水峰值主要出现在3:00—4:00,并且中东部在午后还存在一个次峰值。(3)小时强降水的降水量和降水频次的贡献率在空间上分布基本一致,最大值区均位于大邑和邛崃的交界处,低值区出现在西部高海拔地区和简阳地区。(4)2013年、2018年、2020年小时强降水的次数明显偏多,这是由于副高异常偏西偏北导致。(5)成都西部地区小时强降水的频次明显多于其他地区,但极值却偏小,成都地区极端强降水事件更容易出现在3:00左右。综上,通过对成都盛夏降水的研究,为该地区降水监测、城市防洪和防灾减灾等提供决策依据。 相似文献
5.
利用经验正交函数分解(EOF)、相关分析、小波分析等方法对低纬高原地区148站的气象观测数据进行分析,以揭示该区域冬、春季的降水时空分布及其环流背景差异,了解低纬高原干旱的原因。结果表明：冬、春季降水时空分布特征差异显著,春季降水量较大幅度高于冬季,差异最大区域位于低纬高原的西部和南部,呈“L”型区域分布;冬季降水在1985-1990年和2005年以后存在4～6a的振荡周期,1990年以后存在准2a和10a左右的振荡周期;春季降水在1995年以前存在较明显的4～6a振荡周期,2001年以后存在准2a的振荡周期。导致冬、春季降水差异显著的环流背景主要为：与冬季相比,春季青藏高原北侧的东亚大槽较弱;但高原南侧的南支槽活跃;海洋上的西太平洋副热带高压偏强偏西,沿着高压外围的气流更容易到达低纬高原,从而水汽输送更强;副高与南亚高压的两高辐合区向北延伸的范围更大,有利于低纬高原降水。进一步研究表明,低纬高原冬季降水主要与青藏高原南侧孟加拉湾附近区域的热力作用密切相关,春季降水则与该地区的比湿关系显著。 相似文献
6.
[目的]探究我国东南沿海地区极端降水变化的新特征,对该地区防灾减灾具有重要意义。[方法]以福建省为例,基于1960—2019年67个气象站点逐日降水数据,利用气候倾向率、Mann-Kendall突变检验等方法,分析了极端降水量(R95P)、极端降水频次(R95D)、极端降水强度(R95I)和极端降水贡献率(R95C)4个极端降水指数的时空变化特征,并阐明了极端降水指数与大气环流指数的相关性。[结果](1)近60年来福建省R95P,R95D,R95I和R95C呈现出增加趋势,变化率分别为24.90 mm/10 a, 0.34 d/10 a, 0.25(mm/d)/10 a和0.84%/10 a。(2) R95P,R95I和R95C均在1994年以后转为偏多(强)期,而R95D的突变点出现在1993年,由降水日数偏少期转变为偏多期。(3)西太平洋副高强度指数、南海副高强度指数和北半球极涡强度指数与极端降水指数之间有显著的相关性(p<0.05),特别是南海副高强度指数对转折后时段的R95D有显著影响。[结论]研究结果对该地区开展极端降水的生态风险评估提供重要参考。 相似文献
7.
1962-2010年潜在干旱对中国冬小麦产量影响的模拟分析 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
旱灾是冬小麦生产中常见的气象灾害,该研究旨在了解气候变化背景下中国冬小麦小麦受干旱的历史影响及变化情况,这对合理指导冬小麦生产的减灾、防灾,稳定冬小麦产量有重要的指导意义和作用。该研究采用CERES-Wheat模型,模拟了1962-2010年潜在干旱对中国冬小麦产量影响的时空变化趋势,并分析其与大气环流因子间的关系,以期了解中国近50a来冬小麦受旱程度的变化情况。结果表明:1)1962-2010年中国冬小麦因干旱造成的潜在产量损失总体呈上升的趋势,但不同时期表现不同,其中20世纪60年代、20世纪80年代表现为下降趋势。2)在过去近50a里,中国冬小麦潜在旱灾产量损失中心有向西北移动的趋势,这主要是受黄土高原和河西走廊地区受旱程度增强的影响。3)中国冬小麦潜在旱灾产量损失中心的经纬度和影响中国降水的副热带高压、北极涡系统的部分指数具有显著的负相关关系。冬小麦生长季同期(前一年10月-当年5月)的副热带高压系列指数与中心的相关关系表现显著,而生长季同期和生长季前期(前一年6月-前一年9月)的北极涡系列指数与中心都具有显著的相关关系。当冬小麦生长季同期北半球的西太平洋副高、印度副高和南海副高的强度偏强、范围偏大时,潜在旱灾产量损失中心的位置将会偏西;当北极涡在冬小麦生长季前期或同期偏大偏强时,中国冬小麦潜在产量损失中心将偏南,反之亦然。 相似文献
8.
华东地区降水周期特征及其影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据华东地区32个站点1951-2010年逐月降水量资料,在运用多窗口谱和小波分析方法对降水周期特征进行分析的基础上,利用太阳黑子、南方涛动等相关环流指数与降水序列进行交叉小波分析,探讨影响华东降水周期变化的主要因素。结果表明：华东地区的降水周期在年际和年代际尺度上都有所体现,其中以年代际尺度上的11.6～12.3a周期最为显著,其次为年际尺度上6.0a和4.0a的周期,且不同的周期信号对降水的影响存在阶段性。对华东地区降水周期特征影响较大的因子中,以太阳黑子的影响最为显著,主要体现在准12a周期活动上,其次南方涛动指数、西太平洋副高强度指数和南海副高强度指数对华东降水的影响也较为明显,在准12a和2～8a周期上都有所体现。 相似文献
9.
利用美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)再分析资料、ICOADS的SST格点资料以及晋北地区18个台站1960-2008年春季降水资料,采用合成分析等方法,对影响晋北地区春季降水异常的海-气因子进行分析.结果表明,晋北地区春季多雨年中高纬度500hPa呈现“东高西低”的分布特征,在乌拉尔山以东至贝加尔湖以西一带有低压槽加强,晋北地区处于低槽的东南侧,西北冷空气与东南暖湿气流多交汇于华北一带,因而造成春季多雨天气.与此相反,在少雨年冷、暖空气势力较弱,弱的辅合区位于蒙古中部,不利于晋北地区春季降水的产生.通过分析晋北春季降水与海温异常的相关关系得出,当前期ENSO暖位相时,晋北地区春季降水偏多;前期ENSO冷位相时,晋北地区春季降水偏少.研究结果有利于了解晋北地区旱涝异常成因,为短期气候预测提供理论依据. 相似文献
10.
东北地区作物生长季干旱时空分布特征及其环流背景 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
依据东北地区71个气象台站1961-2009年5-9月气温、降水资料,对帕默尔干旱指数(PDSI)评价实际干旱的能力进行验证,并对PDSI距平场展开经验正交函数(EOF)分析,同时利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料对干旱年的环流背景做了初步探讨.结果表明,(1) PDSI对东北地区农作物生长季的实际干旱具有较高评估能力,但在个别年份容易高估干旱程度;(2)EOF前3个特征向量的累积方差贡献率达74.9％.其中,第1特征向量是主要的分布格局,为全区一致型,第2特征向量为南北相反型,第3特征向量为东西相反型;(3)近49a东北地区农作物生长季干旱以9a和23a的变化周期为主,未来几年内干旱趋势仍将持续增强;(4)在干旱年(PDSI≤-1),500hPa高度场上副高偏弱,东北地区处于槽后脊前,同时该地区为位势高度距平的正中心,受高压控制降水偏少.850hPa水汽通量场上,输送到东北地区的西南及东南暖气流的水汽明显较少,同时该地区不仅存在反气旋环流,而且其水汽通量散度大于0,不利于降水. 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
15.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
16.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
17.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
18.
Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献
19.
Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献