共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
为高效利用水资源,提高农业生产效益,根据联合国粮农组织(FAO)推荐的参考作物蒸散计算方法和相关作物系数法,利用河北省马铃薯主要种植区域(冀北地区)23个地面气象站的资料,计算了冀北地区近50a(1969—2018年)马铃薯生育期内的需水量和缺水量,并分析了马铃薯生育期内降水量、有效降水量、需水量、缺水量变化趋势,以及不同区域不同生育期马铃薯需水量、缺水量的变化特征。结果表明:1)近50 a冀北地区马铃薯生育期内降水量、有效降水量年际变化可分为2个阶段:1969—2003年呈减少趋势,气候倾向率分别为–15.68 mm·(10a)~(–1)、–6.61 mm·(10a)~(–1);而2004—2018年呈显著增加趋势,气候倾向率分别为60.07 mm·(10a)~(–1)、9.68 mm·(10a)~(–1)。近50 a平均降水量、有效降水量分别为356.5 mm和148.6 mm;空间上均呈自西向东逐渐递减的带状特征。2)近50a马铃薯生育期需水量和缺水量年际变化也表现出1969—2003年减少、2004—2018年增多的趋势,且需水量多的年份缺水量也多,近50 a平均需水量和缺水量分别为497.8 mm、349.1 mm;空间分布上均呈自坝上高原向坝下山地增多特点,且需水量大的地区缺水量也多。3)马铃薯块茎膨大期需水量最多,期间也是缺水量最多的时期。研究结果显示1969—2018年冀北地区马铃薯生育期内水资源一直处于严重亏缺状态,在生产中需充分考虑马铃薯需水量对气象要素变化的响应,加强水分管理,确保水资源高效利用。 相似文献
2.
由于干旱地区常年降雨资源匮乏,为提高旱区降雨资源的高效利用及更加精准的掌握该地区主要农作物的水分供需平衡状况。采用美国农业部(USDA)土壤保持局推荐的有效降水量和联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)推荐的参考作物蒸散量计算方法、线性分析法、Mann-Kendall检验法及小波分析法,研究了固原地区近60年3种主要农作物的有效降雨量及需水量的时空变化趋势。结果表明:(1)3种作物生育期平均有效降水分布在68.8～177 mm,玉米和马铃薯生育期有效降雨量呈减小趋势,春小麦呈上升趋势,且有效降水周期呈大—小—大的变化规律;(2)3种作物生育期平均需水量主要分布在233.7～439.3 mm,生育期需水量均呈上升趋势,分别为2.4 mm/10 a,0.8 mm/10 a,2.3 mm/10 a,需水量周期也呈“大—小—大”的变化规律;(3)马铃薯、玉米、春小麦的平均水分盈亏指数为-38.0%,-57.5%,-58.7%,玉米和春小麦对灌溉的依赖程度较马铃薯高。综合考虑分析固原地区多年降水和作物需水分布特征的趋势,研究结果可以为该地区3种农作物合理种植及灌溉提供理论依据,同时为发展该地区主要特色农产品及提高农民经济收入提供数据支撑。 相似文献
3.
【目的】探究新疆焉耆盆地主要作物需水量特征及影响因素,为干旱区农业水资源利用和作物种植结构优化提供参考。【方法】基于2000～2020年焉耆盆地3个气象站点的逐日气象观测资料,采用Penman-Monteith公式和作物系数法,计算焉耆盆地主要作物生育期内需水量、有效降水量和灌溉需水量,并用Mann-Kendall检验、线性分析法和通径分析法对以上数据的分布特征、变化趋势及影响因素进行定量研究。【结果】(1)近21年参考作物蒸散量呈逐年增加趋势,变化率为6.90 mm a-1,分布范围为960.20～1264.50 mm,年均值为1154.70 mm。(2)全生育期主要作物需水量为374.94～713.37 mm,不同生育阶段作物需水量、有效降水量和灌溉需水量的峰值均出现在生育中期,分别为247.32～497.92 mm、7.14～21.94 mm和240.18～475.99 mm,高于生育初期、快速发育期和成熟期。(3)主要作物需水量和灌溉需水量呈增加趋势,平均变化率分别为3.86 mm a-1和4.09 mm a-1... 相似文献
4.
贵州烤烟需水量及灌溉需求指数特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了合理配置烤烟的灌溉计划和提高水资源的利用效率,基于贵州省1961—2015年81个气象观测站逐日气象资料,采用美国农业部土壤保持局推荐的有效降水量和FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith公式分别计算研究区域内烤烟不同生育阶段的有效降水量和需水量,并分析了烤烟不同生育阶段灌溉需求指数的变化特征。结果表明:近55年,贵州省烤烟伸根期、旺长期、成熟期和大田生育期有效降水量分别为26.9～75.4 mm,45.2～88.9 mm,66.4～167.6 mm和152.8～284.8 mm;需水量分别为51.9～78.8 mm,148.8～202.2 mm,85.2～122.8 mm和332.5～412.6 mm,以旺长期日均需水量最大;多年平均灌溉需求指数分别为0.20,0.32,0.26,0.35;烤烟不同生育阶段有效降水量和需水量随时间变化均呈递减趋势,伸根期灌溉需求指数呈递增变化趋势,其他生育期呈递减趋势;空间分布上,烤烟伸根期有效降水量自东向西呈递减趋势;伸根期、旺长期灌溉需求指数自西南向东北递减的变化趋势,而成熟期和大田期呈相反趋势。 相似文献
5.
作物有效降水量和需水量是科学确定灌溉时期与灌溉量的重要依据。该研究基于1961－2010年四川盆地104个气象台站的地面气象资料和1981－2010年17个农业气象观测站的玉米生育期资料,采用联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）推荐的参考作物蒸散量和降水量的比率法计算了研究区域内玉米全生育期及不同生育阶段的有效降水量,采用参考作物蒸散量法结合单作物系数法计算了相应时段的需水量,并探讨了玉米不同生育阶段缺水量和水分盈亏指数的变化。结果表明：近50年来,除乳熟到成熟期外,玉米全生育期及播种到乳熟期的有效降水量总体呈下降趋势;全生育期和各生育阶段的需水量均呈减少趋势;除播种到拔节期外,全生育期和拔节到成熟期的缺水量以下降趋势为主。比较各区域典型地区玉米水分盈亏状况,盆地北部玉米水分亏缺程度最严重,而盆地西部最轻;比较玉米各个生育阶段的水分满足情况,播种到拔节阶段水分亏缺程度最严重。研究可为四川盆地玉米种植区的农业用水以及合理灌溉提供科学依据。 相似文献
6.
新乡地区冬小麦缺水量适宜估算模式研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
作物缺水量是确定灌溉需水量和制定灌溉制度的基础依据。利用新乡地区连续两个冬小麦生长季(2005~2006年、2006~2007年)田间试验资料建立了冬小麦生育期叶面积指数增长模型、需水量估算模型和土壤入渗模型。在此基础上, 根据新乡地区51年(1951~2001年)的逐日气象资料, 采用土壤水分平衡法, 综合考虑作物蒸散、降水和灌溉等因素, 模拟冬小麦各生长季降水有效利用状况, 分析研究该地区连续50个冬小麦生长季降水量与相应时间段有效降水量间的相互关系, 确定不同时间尺度下有效降水量估算模式。最后, 以确定的作物需水量和有效降水量估算模式为基础, 提出河南新乡地区不同时间尺度下的冬小麦缺水量适宜估算模式。 相似文献
7.
基于1961—2013年滁州市气象数据,运用集合经验模态分解和交叉小波分析,探究了冬小麦生育期需水量和灌溉需水量的变化特征。结果表明:1961—2013年滁州市冬小麦生育期需水量和灌溉需水量均呈增加趋势（增势分别为:2.80,1.48 mm/a）;年代变化上,冬小麦生育期需水量逐渐增大,灌溉需水量大致呈现先减少后增加的变化特征。冬小麦生育期作物需水量和灌溉需水量均呈现明显的多尺度变化特征,表现为多尺度的周期变化特征和趋势变化特征。作物需水量存在2.65,6.63,13.25,26.50 a的周期,灌溉需水量存在3.11,5.89,10.60,26.5 a的周期。研究时段,作物需水量和灌溉需水量与潜在蒸散量呈同相位分布,与降水量呈显著的反相位。 相似文献
8.
1961－2007年长江中下游地区水稻需水量的变化特征 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
该研究利用长江中下游地区91个气象站点1961－2007年地面观测资料和63个农业气象试验站1981－2006年单季稻和双季稻的生育期资料,采用美国农业部土壤保持局推荐的方法计算了有效降水量,用联合国粮食与农业组织（FAO,Food and Agriculture Organization）推荐的方法分别计算了研究区域内单季稻和双季稻需水量,探讨了不同地区单季稻和双季稻的水分利用效率。研究结果表明：研究时段内长江中下游地区早稻和单季稻生育期有效降水量均表现为增加趋势,而晚稻生育期有效降水量表现为减少趋势;早稻、晚稻和单季稻生育期内需水量皆表现为减少趋势,其中单季稻和晚稻的需水量为显著减少;为满足水稻需水要求,研究区域内双季稻生育期内的灌溉量较单季稻多125?mm,但其水分利用效率在研究区域高于单季稻;从提高水分利用效率的角度来看,长江中下游地区总体更适宜种植双季稻。 相似文献
9.
降雨和蒸散对夏玉米灌溉需水量模型估算的影响 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
为揭示降雨和蒸散年际波动对作物灌溉需水量的影响机理,以华北平原南部地区夏玉米为研究对象,基于土壤水分概率密度函数建立灌溉需水量计算模型,分析了降雨、蒸散和灌溉需水量的年际波动特征,结合蒙特卡洛方法探讨了降雨和蒸散对灌溉需水量年际波动的贡献。结果表明:研究区夏玉米降雨参数年际波动显著,平均降雨量波动于4.958~25.003mm,变异系数为0.326;降雨频次波动于0.143~0.457 d-1,变异系数为0.170;平均降雨量和降雨频次均可采用Logistic分布描述:平均降雨量服从Logistic(11.273,2.022),降雨频次服从Logistic(0.318,0.029)。潜在蒸散量年际波动相对平稳,可采用对数正态分布描述:潜在蒸散量服从Log Normal(1.370,0.076)。灌溉需水量多年平均值为133.1mm,波动于8.1~381.8mm,变异系数为0.673,年际波动显著高于降雨和蒸散。平均降雨量对灌溉需水量年际波动的贡献率最大,其次为降雨频次,潜在蒸散量最小;在三者的共同作用下,灌溉需水量年际波动呈现出更大的不确定性。因此,在估算灌溉需水量时有必要对这种不确定性进行定量评估,针对不同降雨和蒸散条件制定合理的灌溉策略,为农业水资源管理和决策提供更可靠的科学依据。 相似文献
10.
内蒙古气候变化及其对主要农作物的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
了解气候变化对内蒙古种植业结构的影响,是有效制定应对措施和政策的重要依据。本文以全区4个主要产粮区为代表,利用近50a的气候资料和近27a作物生育期资料,分析了当地气候变化特征及其对主要作物物候期和种植面积的影响。结果表明：近50a来,内蒙古主要农业区温度明显升高,≥10℃积温增加了350-570℃.d,河套灌区和大兴安岭东麓地区增温幅度大于阴山北部丘陵区和科尔沁地区。东西部地区的降水量变化差别较大,科尔沁和大兴安岭东麓地区生长季降水量减少了44.0mm和55.0mm,河套灌区和阴山北部丘陵区则增加了10.4mm和2.4mm。玉米春季物候期提前,秋季物候期推后,物候期延长了10-20d,大兴安岭东麓延长最为明显;春小麦和大豆则由于温度升高加快了发育进程,表现为全生育期缩短;马铃薯全生育期变化不明显,但可收期普遍延迟。玉米、马铃薯种植面积扩大,春小麦种植面积减小,玉米种植界限向北延伸等与气候变暖的关系密切。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
14.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
17.
Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献
18.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
19.
Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value. 相似文献
20.
Several commercial fungicide seed treatments were evaluated for their possible effect on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on seeds and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans in a greenhouse and a field experiment. quinolate Pro (carbendazim and oxine copper), Vitavax 200FF (carboxin and thiram), and Monceren (pencycuron) had a small effect or no effect on the survival of B. japonicum and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans. They can thus be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation. Germipro UFB (carbendazim and iprodione), Apron 35J (metalaxyl), and Tachigaren (hymexazol) decreased B. japonicum survival and the nodulation and yield of soybeans and thus cannot be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation. 相似文献