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对2012年8月至2013年12月接诊的山东地区的241份病死貂进行病原学鉴定,主要包括生物学特性分析和16S rRNA序列或特定序列的同源性分析,并对多重感染进行统计分析。结果表明,山东地区引起水貂发病的主要病原有:犬瘟热病毒(25.3%)、细小病毒(25.3%)、阿留申病毒(19.1%)、绿脓杆菌(49.0%)、克雷伯氏菌(19.9%)、大肠杆菌(11.2%)、奇异变形杆菌(8.3%)以及巴氏杆菌(5.0%)和肺炎双球菌(2.5%)等。而且主要以单独感染(46.0%)和二重感染(44.4%)为主,三重感染(7.9%)次之,四重感染(1.24%)和五重感染(0.41%)较少。通过本研究掌握了山东地区水貂多重感染的主要病原及其特性,摸清了其感染发病规律,为山东地区规模化养貂场多重感染的诊断与防制提供理论依据。 相似文献
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2006-2007年期间,山东6地区规模化毛皮动物养殖场出现母狐空怀、流产,幼狐呼吸困难,鼻孔出血,气喘并伴有腹泻、死亡等症状,为探明病因,对发病场进行流行病学调查和送检的236份病料组织进行病原学检查,结果表明造成该病的主要原因是由绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas aerudinosa)、沙门菌(Salmonella)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和普通变形杆菌(Proteus vulgaris)共感染所致.这4种细菌单独感染、二重感染、三重感染和四重感染的平均感染率分别为50%、45.8%、3.8%和0.4 0%.在分离的4种细菌中以绿脓杆菌的分离率为最高,达到86%,对该痛原又进行(G+C)mol%、16SrRNA序列同源性和系统发育分析,构建了包括9株邻近种属细菌在内的系统发育树,其中与绿脓杆菌(AJ249451)同源性最高,为99.2%,进一步确定该病原菌属于假单胞菌属中绿脓杆菌.本研究为目前规模化毛皮动物养殖场蓝狐病的原因提出了新的思路,为疾病的防治提供了依据. 相似文献
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通过研究奶牛产后急性子宫内膜炎致病微生物组成,揭示该病主要病原并为临床治疗提供依据。以产后6～10 d急性化脓性卡他性子宫内膜炎患牛80头为研究对象,对子宫内容物进行细菌和真菌的分离鉴定。共分离到195株细菌及真菌,其中35.4%具有溶血性,50.8%对试验动物有致病性;大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌分离率较高,为83.75%和62.5%,其次是奇异变形杆菌(36.25%)、白色念珠菌(20%)和肺炎克雷伯氏菌(17.5%)。该病的90%为混合感染,细菌混合感染(70%)主要由大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌和奇异变形杆菌组成;真菌与细菌混合感染占20%,均有白色念珠菌存在;细菌单一感染占10%。结果表明,奶牛产后急性子宫内膜炎主要致病菌是大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、奇异变形杆菌,20%受试牛存在着以白色念珠菌为主的真菌感染。 相似文献
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对2017年山东省威海市和青岛市16份表现为间质性肺炎、出血性肺炎、肝脏黄疸及肾脏肿大等症状的病死水貂、狐狸、貉子病料,进行犬瘟热病毒(CDV)检测及混合感染细菌的分离鉴定,对分离菌进行小白鼠致病性试验,对CDV阳性样品进行H基因测序及序列分析。检测结果显示,CDV与细菌的混合感染率达68.75%;细菌分离鉴定结果显示,绿脓杆菌和致病性大肠杆菌是毛皮动物的主要致病菌;CDV序列分析显示,H基因编码区的核苷酸同源性在99.0%～100%之间,与传统疫苗株的同源性在90.1%～91.1%之间;基于H基因构建的系统进化发生树显示,9株CDV属于野毒株谱系,在基因型上与国内绝大多数分离株同属于Asia-1型,2株属于疫苗株谱系,属于America-1(Vaccine)基因型。检测结果表明,CDV与细菌的混合感染在这些地区的毛皮动物中较为普遍,是造成毛皮动物大规模死亡的重要原因,这为规模化毛皮动物养殖场有效控制疫病提供了依据。 相似文献
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正双球菌为革兰氏阳性球菌,无运动能力,无芽孢,有荚膜。该菌为兼性厌氧菌,常寄居在健康动物的鼻腔、咽喉等部位,为动物呼吸道内常在菌。该菌血清型众多,但是引起疾病的仅其中的一部分血清型。当毛皮动物处于淋雨、受凉、饲料突变、长途运输等应激状态下,双球菌可引起毛皮动物发生肺炎、脑炎、败血症等疾病。2016年7月黑龙江省某水貂养殖场发生双球菌病,现将该病例的诊治情况报告如下。1发病情况黑龙江省某水貂养殖场存栏水貂4万余只,7月初发现大群中个别水貂剩食,饲养员仔细观察发现水貂 相似文献
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2014年山东省毛皮动物疫病流行因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《畜牧与兽医》2015,(8):119-123
从2013年11月到2014年10月,对山东各地区送诊的340例毛皮动物病例进行统计分析。1年中疫病流行情况为细菌性传染病209例、犬瘟热病毒阳性病例共45例、细小病毒肠炎13例、水貂阿留申病5例、伪狂犬病2例、中毒33例、寄生虫病17例、乳房炎5例、黄脂肪病5例、脑炎4例、结石2例。本文还分析并讨论了毛皮动物疫病发生的时间、区域,流行特点和产生原因,旨在为疾病的防治提出合理化建议。 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2019,(9):1744-1752
为了了解河北秦皇岛毛皮动物(狐、貉、貂)源肺炎克雷伯菌毒力基因、耐药基因分布及药物敏感性等情况,采用常规分离纯化、生化鉴定及分子生物学的方法对病原菌进行鉴定,动物致病性试验检测其致病性,PCR方法检测其主要K血清型、毒力基因和耐药基因,K-B法对常用西药进行药物敏感性检测,琼脂平板打孔法对中药药物敏感性进行检测,试管二倍稀释法检测中药最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果显示:此次共分离到48株肺炎克雷伯菌;48株肺炎克雷伯菌均能够使小鼠发病死亡;48株肺炎克雷伯菌均检测到fimH、wabG毒力基因,检出率为100%;mrkD毒力基因检出率为87.5%;blaTEM、aadA1、gyrB、gyrA、blaSHV-1、sul1、sul2、sul3、blaROB-1、tetA和tetD耐药基因的检出率分别为100.0%、100.0%、89.6%、4.2%、39.6%、18.8%、27.1%、16.7%、12.5%、60.4%和37.5%,未检出ermF耐药基因。西药药敏试验结果显示,48株肺炎克雷伯菌临床分离菌株均对头孢拉定、复方新诺明、林可霉素、替米考星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶耐药。中药药敏试验结果显示,48株肺炎克雷伯菌临床分离菌株对乌梅、五味子极度敏感,抑菌圈直径在20～25 mm之间,MIC和MBC为15.63～62.50 g/L。本试验调查了河北秦皇岛地区毛皮动物源肺炎克雷伯菌的流行情况,对毛皮动物源出血性肺炎的防治具有重要的指导意义,更具公共卫生学意义。 相似文献
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G V Ling P J Rohrich A L Ruby D L Johnson S S Jang 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1984,185(3):277-281
In vitro susceptibility testing correctly predicted the outcome of ampicillin therapy in all 56 urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by coagulase-positive staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and S intermedius), in all 26 UTI caused by Proteus mirabilis, in 38 of 44 UTI caused by Escherichia coli, in 29 of 31 UTI caused by Streptococcus spp, in 8 of 10 UTI caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, and in 16 of 20 UTI caused by other bacterial species. Thus, 173 of 187 (92.5%) isolates responded to ampicillin therapy in a manner predicted by in vitro susceptibility test results. In vitro susceptibility testing correctly predicted the outcome of therapy with trimethoprim-sulfa in 119 of 138 UTI caused by Escherichia coli, in 33 of 45 UTI caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, in 38 of 43 UTI caused by Proteus mirabilis, in 21 of 25 UTI caused by Streptococcus spp, in 9 of 11 UTI caused by coagulase-positive staphylococci, and in 19 of 21 UTI caused by other bacterial species. Thus, 239 of 283 (84%) isolates responded to trimethoprim-sulfa therapy in a manner predicted by in vitro susceptibility test results. 相似文献
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Aruji Y Tamura K Sugita S Adachi Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(10):1283-1286
Microorganisms from 45 jungle crows (Corvus macrorhynchos) captured from July to December 2002 at Ueno Zoo, Tokyo were identified as Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter agglomerans, Pseudomonas maltophila, Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. E. coli showed the highest rate of isolation (21.6%). In an in vitro susceptibility test for 29 isolates of E. coli to 14 antimicrobial agents, all the isolates were resistant to penicillin G, vancomycin, erythromycin, lincomycin, bicozamycin, sulfadimethoxine, and olaquindox. Several isolates of them were also resistant to tetracycline, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and ampicillin. Twenty-nine isolates were divided into 19 serogroups and the most frequently identified serogroups were O8, O114 and O144, which showed the same multidrug-resistant patterns. 相似文献
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犬瘟热病毒细胞受体研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
犬瘟热病毒是一种引起犬类、毛皮动物、野生动物和部分海洋哺乳动物发生多系统感染的病毒性传染病。犬瘟热的宿主范围和组织嗜性主要由其感染动物的细胞表面受体决定。目前,已经确认的犬瘟热受体有信号淋巴细胞激活因子。为了更好地对犬瘟热病毒的受体进行研究,就当前犬瘟热病毒的受体研究进行综述。 相似文献
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R van den Hoven J A Wagenaar R D Walker 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2000,12(3):218-223
The in vitro activity of difloxacin against canine bacterial isolates from clinical cases was studied in the United States and The Netherlands. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC), the postantibiotic effect, the effect of pH on antimicrobial activity, and the bacterial killing rate tests were determined according to standard techniques. The MICs of American and Dutch isolates agreed in general. The MICs of the American gram-negative isolates ranged from 0.06 to 2.0 microg/ml, and the MICs of the Dutch gram-negative isolates ranged from 0.016 to 8.0 microg/ml. A few European strains of Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae had relatively high MICs. Bordetella bronchiseptica also was less susceptible to difloxacin. The MICs of the American gram-positive cocci ranged from 0.125 to 4.0 microg/ml, and the MICs of Dutch isolates ranged from 0.125 to 2.0 microg/ ml. Difloxacin induced a concentration-dependent postantibiotic effect that lasted 0.2-3 hours in cultures with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus intermedius, Streptococcus canis, Proteus spp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae. There was no postantibiotic effect observed against canine Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Decreasing the pH of the medium increased the MIC of Proteus mirabilis for difloxacin. The MICs of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were lowest at neutral pH and were slightly increased in acid or alkaline media. At a neutral pH, most tested bacterial species were killed at a difloxacin concentration of 4 times the MIC. Similar results were obtained when these same bacteria were tested against enrofloxacin. A Klebsiella pneumoniae strain in an acidic environment was readily killed at difloxacin or enrofloxacin MIC, but at neutral pH the drug concentration had to be raised to 4 times the MIC for a bactericidal effect. After 24 hours of incubation at pH 7.1, difloxacin and enrofloxacin had similar bactericidal activity for all bacteria tested except Staphylococcus intermedius. Against S. intermedius, difloxacin was more bactericidal than enrofloxacin. 相似文献
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Trimethoprim, in combination with sulfadiazine or sulfamethoxazole was administered orally for 7 to 14 days to 84 dogs with urinary tract infections (UTI). The daily dosage of 26.4 mg/kg (12 mg/lb) was divided into 2 equal parts and administered at about 12-hour intervals. Response to treatment, based on negative urine culture during or after therapy, was 37 of 45 (82%) for UTI caused by Escherichia coli, 11 of 15 (73%) UTI caused by Proteus mirabilis, 8 of 12 (67%) UTI caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, 6 of 6 (100%) UTI caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and 5 of 9 (56%) UTI caused by Streptococcus spp. These 5 species comprised 88% of the bacteria isolated from the dogs in this study. 相似文献
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牛病毒性腹泻病毒、大肠杆菌和奇异变形杆菌混合感染致犊牛腹泻的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为确定甘肃省临夏州某奶牛场犊牛腹泻的病因,并提供合适的治疗方案和防控措施,试验采集该牛场13头腹泻犊牛的粪便和血清,通过胶体金技术、ELISA方法、细菌分离鉴定、Kirby-Bauer法分别进行病毒病原学检测、病毒血清学抗体检测、病原菌鉴定和药物敏感性试验。病毒学检测结果显示,13份粪样中未检测出牛轮状病毒（BRV）、牛冠状病毒（BCV）的抗原,牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）抗原阳性率为23.08%（3/13）;未检出BRV和BCV的抗体,BVDV血清学抗体阳性率为38.46%（5/13）。病原菌检测结果显示,13份粪便样品中,分离出13株大肠杆菌和7株奇异变形杆菌。药敏试验表明,分离的大肠杆菌和奇异变形杆菌对20种常规药物均产生了不同程度的耐药,且无对两种细菌均有效的药物。此次犊牛腹泻是由BVDV、大肠杆菌、奇异变形杆菌混合感染引起的,且大肠杆菌和奇异变形杆菌的耐药现象严重,本试验结果为该牛场进一步治疗此次的犊牛腹泻病提供了合理有效的依据。 相似文献
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Pirjo Veijalainen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1986,27(2):159
Parvovirus infections in Finnish fur animals, i.e. ferrets, raccoon dogs, blue foxes and mink, were studied. The ferret was found to be the only insusceptible animal. Parvo enteritis of raccoon dogs, reported since 1980, has spread from East Finland to other parts of the country. A new candidate for the Parvovirus family was found to infect blue foxes. According to serologic investigations, the virus resembled feline panleukopenia virus more than canine parvovirus. Clinical signs during the infection have been mild. Annual vaccination has not eradicated mink enteritis virus on farms, but the disease has taken a subclinical form. 相似文献
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Development of an ELISA using a recombinant 41 kDa partial protein (P45N') for the detection of Riemerella anatipestifer infections in ducks 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Riemerella anatipestifer, a gram-negative bacillus, is the causative agent of duck septicemia, a disease which could incur much economic loss in the duck industry. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed to facilitate early detection of R. anatipestifer infection in ducks. The antigen used was a recombinant 41 kDa N-terminal fragment (rP45N') of a newly characterized R. anatipestifer potential surface protein, P45, which was expressed in Escherichia coli as an N-terminal GST fusion protein. The rP45N'-based ELISA successfully detected P45 antibodies in the sera of 20 ducks immunized with bacterin preparations of R. anatipestifer serotypes 1, 10 15, 19 and the ATCC11845 strain. Antibodies to P45 were also detected in the sera of 25% (75/296) of White Pekin ducks which were imported into Singapore from three different farms. Successful discrimination was obtained between sera from infected ducks and that of specific-pathogen free ducks (p<0.01). The rP45N'-GST antigen did not cross-react with antibodies in sera from guinea pigs which were infected with other gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial pathogens, including Aeromonas hydrophila, Citrobacter freundii, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pastuerella multocida, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella spp., Serratia maccescens, Shigella sonnei and Yersinia enterocolitica. In addition, the DNA sequence encoding P45 was detected in R. anatipestifer serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and the ATCC11845 strain, suggesting that P45 is probably also universally expressed in these R. anatipestifer serotypes. Thus, the ELISA described is applicable to the detection of R. anatipestifer infection in ducks. 相似文献
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In vitro susceptibilities of canine urinary bacteria to selected antimicrobial agents 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
P J Rohrich G V Ling A L Ruby S S Jang D L Johnson 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1983,183(8):863-867
Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted on bacteria that were isolated from urine specimens collected by antepubic cystocentesis from dogs with urinary tract infections. Antimicrobics to which greater than or equal to 90% of these urinary bacteria were susceptible in vitro included trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), nitrofurantoin, cephalexin, nalidixic acid, and gentamicin for isolates of Escherichia coli; ampicillin, TMP-SMZ, cephalexin, nalidixic acid, and gentamicin for isolates of Proteus mirabilis; ampicillin chloramphenicol, TMP-SMZ, nitrofurantoin, cephalexin, kanamycin, and gentamicin for isolates of coagulase-positive staphylococci; cephalexin, nalidixic acid, and gentamicin for isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae; ampicillin, TMP-SMZ, and gentamicin for isolates of Streptococcus faecalis, Str faecium, and Str zymogenes; ampicillin, chloramphenicol, TMP-SMZ, and gentamicin for isolates of Str viridans; and ampicillin, chloramphenicol, TMP-SMZ, nitrofurantoin, cephalexin, kanamycin, and gentamicin for isolates of Str canis. No antimicrobial agent tested was effective in vitro at the 90% level for isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but gentamicin was closest, at 89%. 相似文献
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Dead-in-shell chicken embryos from two commercial hatcheries in Anambra State of Nigeria were investigated for isolation of aerobic bacteria. For this purpose, 79 pooled samples containing 632 dead-in-shell chicken embryos were cultured. From these samples, 23 isolates of Escherichia coli and 25 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were recorded. Other bacterial species isolated included Micrococcus sp. (fifteen isolates), Klebsiella sp. (thirteen isolates), Pseudomonas sp. (nine isolates), and Proteus sp. (seven isolates). Salmonella, Streptococcus, and Mycoplasma spp. could not be isolated. A high incidence of pathogenic strains of bacteria from dead-in-shell chicken embryos was observed. This suggests that the isolates may have contributed to the embryonic mortality and reduced hatchability recorded in the farms investigated. 相似文献