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以生长季中期羊草成熟叶片为试材,采用C/N元素分析仪和钼蓝比色法测定其C、N、P元素浓度,并计算C、N、P化学计量比值,分析了不同频次的刈割处理对羊草C、N、P化学计量特征的影响,以期揭示刈割对植物养分状况的影响。结果表明:刈割后羊草叶片C浓度与对照(不刈割)相比有降低的趋势,N、P元素浓度有显著升高的趋势。随着刈割频次的加重C浓度逐渐降低,不同刈割频次间差异不显著;N、P浓度随着刈割强度的增加逐渐升高。刈割后C/N和C/P与对照相比显著下降,且随刈割频次的加重,比值逐渐变小,刈割频次间差异不显著。刈割后N/P与对照相比也有下降的趋势,且随刈割频次的加重,比值逐渐变大。对照与不同频次刈割处理的N/P均大于16。说明不同频次刈割对羊草叶片N/P的影响很小,羊草生产力主要受P元素限制。高频次的刈割会导致生物量下降,养分流失严重,植物生长速度与植物氮和磷的利用效率受到影响,刈割1年休1年是最好的管理措施。 相似文献
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以紫花苜蓿为试材,研究了紫花苜蓿生长特性和品质对刈割强度的响应。结果表明:轻度和中度刈割可提高紫花苜蓿株高和地上植株的再生能力;不同强度的刈割均增加了紫花苜蓿单株地上、地下生物量和根冠比(R/S),以中度刈割增加最为显著,重度刈割处理下紫花苜蓿补偿地上生物量最高;随刈割强度的增加紫花苜蓿叶片叶绿素a含量有所增加,叶绿素b含量有所下降,与刈割前相比,不同刈割强度均增加了紫花苜蓿叶绿素a和b含量,有利于增强紫花苜蓿的光合作用;重度刈割紫花苜蓿根系总长和平均直径显著降低(P0.05),而中度刈割紫花苜蓿根系总长和平均直径显著增加(P0.05);与刈割前相比,不同刈割强度均不同程度提升了紫花苜蓿根系活力;紫花苜蓿平均粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分和无氮浸出物均表现为中度刈割轻度刈割重度刈割不刈割(对照);综合各指标可得出荒漠草原区提高紫花苜蓿生长特性和品质的最优方案为中度刈割。 相似文献
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以杏园内间作的苜蓿为试材,研究刈割对杏树间作下杏树、苜蓿根系生物量与垂直分布、土壤有机质含量、土壤pH和电导率的影响。结果表明:杏树的侧根系在土壤垂直分布主要集中在土层20~60cm处。苜蓿根系分布呈倒金子塔型,主要分布在0~40cm以上土层。刈割显著地促进苜蓿根系生长,且随刈割次数的增加而增加;多次刈割促使苜蓿吸收根呈浅层化分布。刈割苜蓿可有效地增加表层土壤的有机质含量,但对土壤pH、电导率的影响不显著。因此,适宜地刈割不仅促进紫花苜蓿的根系生长,可以有效地改善杏树园土壤养分,但多次(不低于3次)刈割会增加苜蓿吸收根系,从而会增加与果树之间的养分竞争。 相似文献
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果园种植白三叶草和黑麦草可增加土壤有机质 ,改善果园环境条件 ,提高产量和果品质量。其种植和管理技术如下。适宜播种季节为春、秋两季 ,春季播种在 3月下旬至 4月份进行 ,秋季播种在 8月中旬至 9月中旬进行 ,秋播有利于白三叶草成坪 ,因此 ,秋播比春播好。果园行间播种 ,白三叶草与黑麦草种子按 1∶ 2混播 ,可撒播也可条播 ,条播行距 2 0 cm,播种深度 0 .5～ 1.5cm,每 6 6 7m2 用种子 0 .5～ 0 .75kg。苗期要加强管理 ,及时拔除杂草 ,适时浇水施肥 ,当草高 30 cm时 ,开始刈割 ,一般年割 2～ 3次 ,割下的草放在树盘上 ,留茬不低于 10 cm。… 相似文献
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本研究在2018年开始行间自然生草的基础上，对10年生烟富3/M26/八棱海棠苹果园，于2021—2022年连续2年开展了行间草被不同还田方式对苹果园土壤微生物、土壤氮含量、土壤酶活性和果实品质影响的研究。以行间土壤清耕制为对照，设置草被刈割还田和草被刈割+耕翻还田2个处理。于2022年10月15日采集0～20 cm土层样品与果实样品进行测定。结果表明，2个处理较对照均显著提高了0～20 cm土层土壤的硝态氮、铵态氮、微生物量氮、有机氮组分中的酸解氨态氮、酸解未知态氮、非酸解性氮含量，且提高了土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶的活性，以及显著提高了果实品质。这些作用效果均以草被刈割+耕翻还田处理较好，是一种有效的行间生草管理方式。 相似文献
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柑桔园生草栽培的生态效应综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
柑桔园生草栽培就是在柑桔园行间与株间,种植一定数量的豆科、禾本科类植物或牧草,亦可自然生草(剔除恶性杂草),并对生草进行施肥、灌水、定期刈割覆于树盘下,亦或常年不刈割的一种土壤管理方法。它改变了普通桔园层次单一,结构简单,系统抵抗外界灾害能力弱等弊端,具有保持水土,培肥地力,改善桔园生态环境,保护桔园中天敌种群等作用。本文就柑桔园生草栽培的生态效应作一 相似文献
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在温室中,研究了盆栽基质接种丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza, AM)真菌摩西管柄囊霉Funneliformis mosseae对初生(种子播种育苗2个月后的幼苗)枳Poncirus trifoliata生长、菌根侵染、菌丝长度、土壤球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白(GRSP)含量和土壤结构的影响;同时研究了在AM真菌接种和柱花草间作条件下柱花草刈割对初生枳和柱花草生长、菌根侵染、土壤GRSP含量和土壤结构的影响。结果表明,与不接种相比,接种AM真菌显著地促进了初生枳生长,增加了土壤GRSP含量,并且土壤结构也得到改善。在AM真菌接种与柱花草间作的相同条件下,与柱花草未刈割相比,柱花草刈割对初生枳生长、菌根侵染、土壤GRSP含量和土壤结构均无显著性影响,但柱花草未刈割处理的菌丝长度是刈割处理的2.5倍。相关性分析表明,根际土壤大团聚体显著地与菌根侵染率、土壤GRSP含量和菌丝长度正相关,而生草刈割影响了丛枝菌根真菌菌丝长度,可能对土壤结构有不利影响。 相似文献
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通过对南海桃园高尔夫球场的6个果岭在修剪高度分别为4.3、4.5、4.7mm时测定其修剪前后的果岭球速,分析修剪对球速影响的程度。结果表明:在冬季南方果岭修剪高度保留在4.5mm时平均球速不超过22.9cm;修剪高度调整为4.5mm后平均球速为24.1cm,可满足一般比赛的球速要求;在修剪低至4.3mm时,平均球速超过25.4cm,草坪质量的区别成为影响果岭球速提高的关键性因素之一。 相似文献
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Mengmeng Wang Zhigang Xu Jiaohong Song XueLei Jiao 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2018,93(5):537-544
This study were investigated the effect of mowing method on growth and quality of lettuce. The seedlings after a 24-day incubation in the growth chamber underwent one of six mowing treatments with different stubble heights (i.e. 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 cm). One mowing treatment group consisted of plants that retained the 2–3 new leaves in the centre (RBL), while the other group consisted of plants in which the new leaves were removed (RBN). Seedlings that were not mowed served as the controls. The results showed that, after seedlings continued to be incubated for 10 days under red and blue light in a growth chamber, the fresh mass of plants and dry mass of shoots were higher for the RBL1.0- and RBL1.5-treated plants than those of the RBN-treated plants. With increasing stubble height, the shoot fresh mass of plants in both mowing groups gradually increased. Mowing decreased chlorophyll (a + b) contents, but did not affect carotenoid levels. Mowing treatments promoted photosynthesis, and did not decrease soluble sugar, sucrose, soluble protein, Vitamin C and anthocyanin contents. Our results implied that mowing treatments promote the compensatory growth of lettuce, and mowing plants to a height of 1.5 cm produces the greatest yield benefit. 相似文献
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In Britain, managed grass lawns provide the most traditional and widespread of garden and landscape practices in use today. Grass lawns are coming under increasing challenge as they tend to support a low level of biodiversity and can require substantial additional inputs to maintain. Here we apply a novel approach to the traditional monocultural lawnscape by replacing grasses entirely with clonal perennial forbs. We monitored changes in plant coverage and species composition over a two year period and here we report the results of a study comparing plant origin (native, non-native and mixed) and mowing regime. This allows us to assess the viability of this construct as an alternative to traditional grass lawns. Grass-free lawns provided a similar level of plant cover to grass lawns. Both the mowing regime and the combination of species used affected this outcome, with native plant species seen to have the highest survival rates, and mowing at 4 cm to produce the greatest amount of ground coverage and plant species diversity within grass-free lawns. Grass-free lawns required over 50 percent less mowing than a traditionally managed grass lawn. Observations suggest that plant forms that exhibited: (a) a relatively fast growth rate, (b) a relatively large individual leaf area, and (c) an average leaf height substantially above the cut to be applied, were unsuitable for use in grass-free lawns. With an equivalent level of ground coverage to grass lawns, increased plant diversity and a reduced need for mowing, the grass-free lawn can be seen as a species diverse, lower input and potentially highly ornamental alternative to the traditional lawn format. 相似文献
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为探索温湿度条件与杧果两性花率的关系，以‘台农1号杧’品种为对象，应用生物统计方法探讨了温湿度因子与两性花百分率的线性相关关系。结果表明：供试品种两性花率比较高；随着花期温度增高，两性花率提高；花芽器官分化期自开花前30 d开始至花前5 d结束；花前6～30 d的日均高温、日均温、日均低温和日积温与两性花率存在着显著或极显著的直线正相关关系；花前26～30 d是温湿度影响两性花数量最敏感时期，较高的温度和适当的空气湿度有利于两性花的形成；花前16～20 d日均湿度越大两性花率越高。 相似文献
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果园柱花草刈割处理对其与柑橘养分竞争的影响 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
以‘萝岗’橙和柱花草为试材, 在根箱中研究了生草栽培体系中刈割对果树生长和养分竞争的影响和机制。结果表明, 在低磷土壤中, 刈割可以显著减轻柱花草对磷的竞争, 促进柑橘的生长; 作用机制在于刈割强烈抑制了柱花草的根系生长, 使得根系长度显著降低, 空间分布也有所改变, 导致植株的磷含量、磷吸收量显著下降; 相应地, 柑橘根系对磷的表观吸收速率显著提高, 植株的磷含量、磷吸收量显著增加, 甚至达到施磷的效果, 根系长度也显著加长。认为刈割主要是通过对根系的影响来改变果树与生草之间养分竞争关系, 推测根系分布在养分竞争中占重要地位。 相似文献
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红富士苹果树冠枝(梢)叶分布与温度、湿度的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以12a生红富士苹果(Malus.domestica Borkhcv.Red Fuji)为试材,研究了北京地区树冠不同层次和部位温度、相对湿度的分布、动态变化与枝叶数量间的关系。结果表明,树冠不同层次温度从上到下逐渐降低,同一层次内温度从内膛到外围逐步增大,树冠不同层次相对湿度从上到下逐渐增大,同一层次内相对湿度从内膛到外围逐步减小;树冠温度日变化呈白天低-高-低的趋势,相对湿度的日变化呈白天高-低-高的趋势,夜晚树体温度、相对湿度趋于一致;7—8月份冠层温度、相对湿度高于5—6月份和9—10月份。应用多元统计分析的方法建立了树冠温度、相对湿度与枝(梢)叶量关系的回归方程,冠层内不同层次、部位的温度、相对湿度受冠层内枝(梢)叶数量和分布的影响,冠层内温湿度与累计长、中、短枝(梢)量和叶面积系数成线性负相关,而相对湿度与之成线性正相关。综合分析,冠层有良好温度和相对湿度的群体结构参数为生长季每hm2总枝(梢)量100万左右,叶面积系数控制在3.5～4.0,长、中、短枝(梢)比例分别为73～77、10～12和13～15。 相似文献
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Managed turf areas are both a source and a sink for greenhouse gases (GHGs). Management practices, including turfgrass selection and mowing, influence the amount of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stored in the soil, as well as the associated GHG emissions. The objective of this research was to determine the net C and N balance (i.e. the amount of C and N stored less the amount emitted) of managed turfgrass systems with different grasses (species and cultivars) and management practices (mowing frequency and grass clippings management). Data explicitly quantified in this experiment include annual mowing requirements and accompanying GHG emissions, annual dry matter yield, soil C and N accumulation, and GHG flux of tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) cultivars with varying growth rates. Leaf, verdure, and root tissue C and N were also determined, along with the corresponding biomass. Estimations of emissions from fertilization, irrigation, and pesticide applications were also included in the net balance calculations.All of the turfgrasses and management practices in this experiment resulted in a system-wide net C sink, though the magnitude of the sink varied by turfgrass selection and management strategy. In general, higher-yielding grasses and management practices increased soil C but also increased mowing requirements and thus emissions. Returning grass clippings was found to increase yield, soil and leaf tissue N, and soil C, but it also marginally increased mowing requirements. The results of this experiment support the assertion that managed turfgrass areas can act as a net C sink to help curb the increasing atmospheric GHG concentrations. The C sequestration potential of managed turfgrass is another of the numerous functional benefits of urban grasslands. 相似文献