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宣威市紫色土辣椒氮磷钾肥配比试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对紫色土辣椒氮、磷、钾适宜施用量研究表明，紫色土氮磷钾肥对辣椒产量的影响顺序是磷肥〉氮肥〉钾肥。磷是限制辣椒产量的主导因子。在施用菜籽饼肥600kg／hm^2，折N31．2kg／hm^2、P2O5 11.7kg／hm^2、K2O 8．1kg／hm^2的基础上，辣椒产量≥20400kg／hm^2的氮磷钾优化组合施肥范围：N=113．9～204．6kg／hm^2，P2O5=145．9～177．2kg／hm^2，K2O=49．3～153．8kg／hm^2，N：P2O5：K2O=1：0．87～1．28：0．43～0．75。建议氮、磷、钾肥适宜用量为：N159．2kg／hm^2，P2O5 161．5kg／hm^2，K2O 101．5kg／hm^2，N：P2O5：K2O=1：1．01：0．64，辣椒最高产量预测值为21961．5kg／hm^2，施肥利润5417．7元／hm^2，投产比1：5．00。适量的氮、磷、钾营养使得养分比例平衡，有利于增加辣椒收果数，提高鲜椒产量，从而增加效益。 相似文献
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南安市丘陵旱地甘薯氮磷钾适宜配比的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过在南安市丘陵旱地三种不同类型土壤上布置“3417”设计的平衡施肥田间肥料试验，验证NPK肥的施用效果，建立甘薯产量和施肥利润与N、P、K施用量的数学模型，得出在该条件下的甘薯适宜施肥量和比例。结果表明，甘薯施用NPK肥料均获得一定幅度的增产增值效果。获得最高产量的施肥量为154．3～173．6kg／hm^2N，44．4～75．3kg／hm^P2O5，193．1～245．3kg／hm^2K2O，N：P205：K2O=1：0．26～0．43：1．24～1．41；最佳经济施肥量为140．0～162．0kg／hm^2N，40．8～67．0kg／hm^2P2O5，199．8～227．3kg／hm^2K2O，N：P2O5：K2O=1：0．25～0．41：1．23～1．64。低产田土壤适当增施N肥，P、K比例可以低些，中高产田土壤P、K比例要高些。 相似文献
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平衡施肥对马铃薯产量及品质的影响 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
通过平衡施肥对马铃薯产量和品质影响的研究，结果表明：在当地条件下，马铃薯最佳经济施肥量为N141．15kg／hm^2，P2O5104．55kg／hm^2，K2O198．90kg／hm^2，施用比例1：0．74：1．41，最佳产量31845．30kg／hm^2，施肥利润3306．90元／hm^2，投产比1：3．63。采用平衡施肥能增加马铃薯产量，降低薯块硝酸盐和还原糖含量，并能增加淀粉含量，从而提高马铃薯产品品质，增加效益。马铃薯硝酸盐含量随氮肥施用量增加而增加，施用磷钾肥能明显降低硝酸盐含量。我区马铃薯生产重金属污染均未超标，符合国家食品卫生标准。 相似文献
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甘薯氮磷钾肥平衡施用效应分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文运用311-A拟饱和最优回归设计，在沿海赤砂土甘薯主产区设置晚薯施用氮磷钾肥料试验，模拟出甘薯薯块产量和施肥利润的氮磷钾肥料效应函数，通过极值判别均为典型函数，用边际分析寻优，获得甘薯薯块最高产量和最高施肥利润的优化施肥组合分别为：Zmax为Zl=N136．25kg／hm^2，Z2=P2O552．71kg／hm^2，Z3=K2O275．68kg／hm^2，薯块产量最高，y^max=39．214t／hm^2；Zopt为Zl=N117．09kg／hm^2，Z2=P2O546．24kg／hm^2，Z3=K2O247．01kg／hm^2，施肥利润最佳为π^opt=18298．99元／hm^2。 相似文献
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蕹菜平衡施用氮磷钾肥料效应研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用“3414”最优回归设计方法，对蕹菜高优栽培氮磷钾肥料合理配施技术进行研究。结果表明，本试验条件下当N223．6、P2O5 50．0和K2O 97．5kg／hm^2，三要素比例为1：0．224：0．436时，蕹菜最高经济产量达31391．4kg／hm^2；当N215．7、P2O5 46．4和K2O9 0．0kg／hm^2，三要素比例为1：0．215：0．417时，蕹菜最佳施肥利润为36211．8元／hm^2，经济产量亦达31360．1kg／hm^2。在同等肥力下，蕹菜硝酸盐含量与施氮水平呈显著正相关；与施磷、钾水平呈极显著负相关。 相似文献
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新疆高产棉花的钾肥施用效果 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究表明，钾肥在新疆主要棉田土壤上施用，对高产棉花有显著的增产作用，增产效果南疆大于北疆。施钾可提高棉花的单铃重和单株铃数。在一定氮磷施用条件下，最高产量的施钾（K2O）量，南疆为133．3kg/hm^2，北疆为146．8kg/hm^2，本试验条件下获得棉花高产，其氮磷钾施用比例，南疆为N:P2O3：K2O＝1：0．50：0．48，北疆为N:P2O：K2O＝1：0．50：0．53。氯化钾和硫酸钾对高产棉花有相似的增产作用。 相似文献
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钾锌锰配合施用对马铃薯产量和品质的影响 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
采用三因素二次回归通用旋转组合设计方法，研究了山西石灰性褐土上施用氯化钾、硫酸锌、硫酸锰对马铃薯产量和品质的影响。研究结果表明：钾、锌、锰肥的合理配合施用能使马铃薯产量明显提高，品质得到显著改善。在本试验条件下，马铃薯高产、优质高效的配方施肥方案是：氯化钾297．9～396．0kg／hm^2，硫酸锌69．70～109．1kg／hm^2，硫酸锰92．54～126．27kg／hm^2。钾、锌、锰肥配施可显著增加块茎中的淀粉、粗蛋白含量，降低NO3-N含量。 相似文献
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应用最优混合设计研究氮磷钾不同配比对甘蔗产量和产糖量的效应 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
应用“311—A”最优混合设计进行田间试验，研究氮肥、磷肥、钾肥用量不同配比对甘蔗产量和产糖量的效应，通过运用统计分析软件对试验结果进行回归分析，建立多项式回归模型，寻求出甘蔗蔗茎产量及其产糖量的氮肥、磷肥、钾肥最佳组合范围及其最佳配比用量方案。在供试条件下，对于甘蔗产量的氮、磷、钾肥料用量最佳组合范围方案为：N=268．6～312．2kg／hm^2，P2O5=130．7～141．3kg／hm^2，K2O=322．4～344．8kg／hm^2，N：P2O5：K2O=1：0．45～0．49：1．10～1．20，最高产量预测值为112．7t／hm^2；对于产糖量的最佳组合范围方案为：N=257．9～290．8kg／hm^2，P2O5=139．0～158．0kg/hm^2，K2O=325．3～350．6kg/hm^2，N：P2O5：K2O=1：0．54：1．20～1．26，最高产糖量预测值为16．3t／hm^2。对于产量的经济最佳施肥量方案为：N=311．7kg/hm^2，P2O5=140．8kg/hm^2，K2O=344．4kg/hm^2，N：P2O5：K2O=1：0．45：1．10；对于产糖量的经济最佳施肥量方案为：N=290．6kg／hm^2，P2O5=157．8kg／hm^2，K2O=350．4kg／hm^2，N：P2O5：K2O=1：0．54：1．21。 相似文献
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氮、磷和钾营养对新海16长绒棉产量和品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
氮肥、磷肥、钾肥N：P2O5：K2O=1：0．71：0．30并配合Zn、Mn、B微肥施用，经济施肥量为N189．3kg／hm2、P2O5134．4kg／hm^2、K2O57．2kg／hm^2，能显著促进棉花的生长发育和提高产量，比对照增产40％，对新海16纤维品质中的马克隆值影响显著，但对纤维综合品质影响不显著。 相似文献
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低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
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Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
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Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
18.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
19.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献