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1.
根据纤维分离过程中磨片间纤维的受力状态,建立了热磨平面内纤维受力的力学模型,讨论了模型中各项作用力对纤维运动状态的影响。研究表明:在蒸汽平衡点以内的区域,纤维做匀变速运动;在蒸汽平衡点以外的区域,纤维做变加速运动;影响纤维运动状态的主要因素是动、定盘磨齿对纤维的作用力Fr和Fs;摩擦阻力Ff、蒸汽压力S与离心力Fc,主要影响纤维在Y轴的运动状态,其中S与Fc在蒸汽平衡点以外是促使纤维加速外流的主要因素;周向齿对纤维的运动有阶段性阻力,对其运动状态有一定程度的影响。 相似文献
2.
采用离子溶液原位反应法,研究了不同反应温度下碳酸钙在竹纤维上的沉积情况及其对单根竹纤维拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:温度对附着在竹纤维表面的碳酸钙晶粒尺寸及形貌有明显影响,随着温度的升高,碳酸钙由分散性较好的不规则四面体单晶逐渐团聚生长为球形或椭球形;25℃下碳酸钙粒径较均匀,附着量最高,纳米碳酸钙颗粒填充了纤维上的微孔。所有附着碳酸钙的单根竹纤维拉伸性能均有所改善,这可能与填充的碳酸钙颗粒承受纤维孔隙传递的应力有关。CaCO3沉积情况对竹单根纤维力学性能的影响显著,25℃条件下改性慈竹纤维的拉伸强度和弹性模量最高,与未改性纤维相比,分别提高了30.50%和32.71%。 相似文献
3.
【目的】棉花作为一种重要的经济作物和油料作物,其叶片和纤维均可积累色素物质,呈现不同颜色。叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和花青素的含量及其比例是棉花叶片呈色的主要原因,而棕色纤维中主要色素成分为花青素单体氧化聚合而成的原花青素及其衍生物。通过分析陆地棉不同的叶色突变体叶片和纤维中的花青素含量,花青素和原花青素合成途径中关键基因的表达,探究棉花叶片和纤维颜色呈现与花青素合成的关系,为叶色突变体的利用和彩色棉纤维色泽的改良奠定基础。【方法】通过测定21个陆地棉叶色突变体的叶片花青素含量,根据叶色突变体叶片、纤维颜色和花青素含量差异,筛选了其中6个典型的棉花叶色突变体作为研究材料,比较叶片和纤维（开花后15 d）中的花青素含量,分析花青素含量与叶片、纤维颜色呈现的关系;同时检测叶片及不同发育时期纤维（开花后5、10、15和20 d）中花青素合成关键基因GhCHS和原花青素合成途径关键基因GhLAR和GhANR的表达水平,分析目标基因对叶片和纤维颜色呈现的影响。【结果】21个陆地棉叶色突变体叶片中的花青素含量差异显著,呈现紫红色或紫色的叶片花青素含量高。在筛选的6个陆地棉叶色突变体及其对照叶片和不同发育时期纤维中,叶片花青素含量显著高于纤维,棕色纤维的花青素含量显著高于白色纤维。叶片中,GhCHS表达量较高,而GhANR和GhLAR表达量较低,花青素积累与颜色呈现与其表达量没有显著的相关性;而在纤维中,GhANR和GhLAR在棕色纤维的表达量极显著高于白色纤维中,且主要集中在纤维发育的5—15 DPA高表达。【结论】陆地棉叶片和纤维的颜色呈现均与花青素含量有关,紫色及紫红色叶片以及棕色纤维中花青素含量高,但纤维颜色的形成与棉花叶片颜色呈现没有显著的相关性,其花青素含量与原花青素合成途径的关键基因GhANR和GhLAR表达水平直接相关,表明棉花叶片和纤维中的呈色机制不一致,原花青素主要在纤维中积累显色。 相似文献
4.
以107杨为研究对象,采用过氧化氢和冰醋酸混合液对应拉木和正常木进行处理获得2种离析纤维;采用铬酸对正常木进行处理获得1种离析纤维;采用硫酸盐制备正常木化学浆获得1种化学浆纤维,并取出一半化学浆进行打浆处理获得1种打浆纤维。使用原子力显微镜(AFM)对上述5种不同处理方法获得的纤维表面形貌进行观察比较。结果表明,应拉木纤维比正常木纤维容易观测到清晰初生壁表面;铬酸离析方法比过氧化氢和冰醋酸混合液离析方法容易观测到清晰初生壁表面;相比离析纤维,化学浆纤维次生壁微纤丝的定向排列方式清晰可见;打浆后纤维较化学浆纤维,微纤丝定向排列被干扰,出现分丝帚化。 相似文献
5.
不同营养水平对杜—哈白F_1猪肌组织影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用光镜观察和测量了杜—哈F_1猪90公斤时肌组织的形态学特征:a.背最长肌(M.longissimus dorsi)和股二头肌(M.biceps femoris)基本上均属于中间型(氧化糖酵解型)纤维构成的肌肉,该纤维肌浆均匀,肌原纤维孔氏区(Cohnheim)明显。红肌纤维位于1级肌束中部,常以2,3条肌纤维集聚,形态多为圆形,其周围的肌肉膜清楚,常与周围中间型肌纤维分离,其肌浆充盈,故不易见孔氏区象。白肌纤维极少,肌浆贫乏,肌原纤维呈密集点状(横断面);b.F_1代猪肌小束(1级肌束)以35～50条肌纤维组成,小束间结缔组织膜H.E染色不清,仅以裂隙示之,但PAS染色,Osimic acid处理的肌组织Ⅰ级肌束膜清楚。以数条到十数条肌小束构成Ⅱ级肌束;c.F_1代猪肌纤维直径45～65微米,雌性的大于阉雄的;肌小束膜及肌束膜厚,阉雄的大于雌性的。d.股二头肌肌内膜比背最长肌肌内膜发达,说明背最长肌柔嫩、细腻,肉的品质高于股二头肌。e.根据观察和生物统计二因素方差分析表明,第1组早期18％,后期14％的蛋白及5％的鱼粉混合料对肌纤维粗度、密度有显著影响,但在肌纤维类型的比率上无明显差别。根据肉质标准,该组饲料配方效果,尚需商计。其它7组饲料配方,无规律性变异。 相似文献
6.
为研究狮头鹅和乌鬃鹅在不同生长阶段肌纤维的发育规律,分别选取健康的１、４０和１２０日龄乌鬃鹅和狮头鹅,屠宰并取其胸肌和腿肌做石蜡切片,观察并测定两种鹅不同部位不同时期肌纤维的直径和横截面积．结果表明两种鹅１日龄胸肌肌纤维差异不明显,腿肌肌纤维横截面积和直径差异显著（Ｐ＜０.０５）;４０日龄两种鹅胸肌肌纤维横截面积差异显著（Ｐ＜０.０５）,但胸肌直径和腿肌的直径和横截面积差异不显著（Ｐ＞０.０５）;１２０日龄两种鹅胸肌肌纤维和腿肌肌纤维的横截面积和直径差异极显著（Ｐ＜０.０１）．研究结果表明乌鬃鹅肌肉纤维在１至４０日龄期间生长发育迅速,但４０日龄后肌纤维生长潜力不如狮头鹅． 相似文献
7.
木质素基碳纤维的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从木质素基碳纤维的制备方法、微细结构和主要性能特征等几个方面,对木质素基碳纤维的研究现状进行了较为全面的归纳,并在此基础上,对今后木质素基碳纤维的研究工作提出了几点建议,旨在使国内的研究者对当前木质素基碳纤维的研究有一个概括性的了解,为科学、高效地利用木质生物质资源提供参考。 相似文献
8.
It is a fundamental principle of vertebrate neuronal organization that sensory fibers are restricted to dorsal roots and motor fibers to ventral roots. Recent evidence, however, indicates that there are many sensory fibers in ventral roots. The present report shows that stimulation of these fibers activates neurons in the dorsal horn. This provides evidence at the single-cell level for the importance of ventral root afferents and provides an explanation for the clinical phenomenon of recurrent sensibility. 相似文献
9.
Xin ZhangDaoliang Li Wenzhu YangJinxing Wang Shuangxi Liu 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2011,78(1):71-79
Foreign fibers in cotton seriously affect the quality of cotton products. The identification of foreign fibers in cotton is a critical step in the automated inspection of foreign fibers in cotton; image segmentation is crucial in this identification process. This paper presents a new approach for segmenting images of foreign fibers in cotton. Firstly, color images were captured, and the edge of color images were detected by an edge detection method based on improved mathematical morphology. The color images were subsequently converted into a gradient map, the law of experience values was analyzed, and the best thresholding value of the gradient map was chosen by selecting the best experience value iteratively. The experiment results indicate that the proposed method successfully segments the high-resolution color images of cotton foreign fibers both directly and precisely. Furthermore, the speed of image processing is much faster than that of conventional methods. 相似文献
10.
为了观察到竹纤维不同壁层微纤丝的取向,该文利用原子力显微镜对毛竹纤维的微纤丝取向进行了高分辨观察。采用了两种样品制备方式, 一是化学离析后纤维,用于观察竹纤维表层的微纤丝取向;二是经过脱木素处理后的弦切片（厚度为30 μm）,用于观察竹纤维细胞腔内壁的微纤丝取向。结果表明,毛竹纤维初生壁微纤丝呈无序排列,但其细胞腔内壁的微纤丝相对纤维长轴则几乎垂直排列,这种排列模式与木材细胞对应壁层微纤丝的排列模式相似。同时,还观察到某些壁层的微纤丝呈高度定向排列,但拍摄到这类图像的几率较小。该研究证实,利用原子力显微镜可以实现对竹纤维微纤丝取向的高分辩观察,并且样品制备远较透射电镜简单,可操作性强。 相似文献
11.
The chick ciliary ganglion receives a nonvascular symathetic innervation in addition to the well-known cholinergic one; fluorescent, varicose adrenergic fibers form pericelluar baskets. Adrenergic fibes were identified electron microscopically in ganglia fixed with potassium permanganate. The fibers degenerate after injection of 6-hydroxydopamine. No true synaptic relationships involving adrenergic varicosities and ganglion cells or cholinergic terminals were demonstrable. The distribution of the adrenergic fibers suggests a kind of "distance à synapse" with the choroidal cells or with the preganglionic fibers (or both). The adrenergic innervation might provide a modulation of the cholinergic transmission. 相似文献
12.
New details of mitotic spindle structures in the endosperm of Haemanthus katherinae (Bak) have been demonstrated by differential interference microscopy. Spindle fibers are clearly seen in the living spindle extending from the kinetochores to the polar region. Individual spindle fibers consist of a bundle of smaller filaments which diverge slightly from the kinetochore and intermingle with filaments from other spindle fibers as they approach the polar region. The degree of intermingling increases during metaphase and anaphase. The chromosomes stop moving when the spindle fibers are still 5 to 10microns long; then the fibers disappear. These observations explain some aspects of spindle movements which were difficult to reconcile with earlier concepts of spindle organization. 相似文献
13.
骨骼肌肌纤维形成机制的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
骨骼肌是动物躯体最重要的组成部分,占到产肉动物躯体的40%,肌纤维作为骨骼肌组织的主要成分,其类型的差异是影响产肉动物肌肉品质的重要因素之一。因此,骨骼肌的生长发育与产肉动物肉的产量有着密切的联系,而其生理生化特性的差异也将会直接影响到产肉动物屠宰之后肉品的质量。一般而言,动物骨骼肌肌纤维数目在胚胎发育期间基本上就已固定,出生之后,由于肌纤维的肥大,动物躯体肌肉块才表现出增大增粗。另外,动物肌肉块在生长发育过程中,其肌纤维组成类型并不是完全固定的,它们会随着骨骼肌对代谢与功能需求的改变而发生转变。骨骼肌的生长发育,以及骨骼肌肌纤维类型的发生与发展是一个非常复杂的生物学过程,受到许多信号通路与因子的调控。随着分子生物学技术的飞速发展,各种先进技术相继被应用于生物学现象的研究中,利用这些分子生物学技术很好的阐明了许多复杂生物学现象形成的分子机制。目前,骨骼肌生长发育的分子遗传调控机制取得了长足的进展,许多与骨骼肌形成发育相关的关键因子已被鉴定出来。然而,在早期研究中,人们对于骨骼肌肌纤维的研究主要集中在类型的鉴定,以及不同肌纤维类型生理生化特性的分析,对于骨骼肌肌纤维形成的具体分子遗传调控机制的研究相对较少。近年来,随着研究的不断深入,骨骼肌肌纤维形成的分子遗传调控机制也取得了突破性的进展。因此,有必要进一步对骨骼肌肌纤维类型的特性,骨骼肌肌纤维类型形成的分子机制,以及肌纤维类型与肌肉品质的关系进行全面的综述。本文首先对肌纤维的类型、特性进行了综述;进一步分别对慢型肌纤维与快型肌纤维形成的分子调控机制的研究进展进行了回顾;最后对肌纤维类型与肉品质的关系进行了讨论。总之,本综述的撰写将有助于对骨骼肌肌纤维类型形成的遗传机制的进一步了解,为将来进一步的深入研究肌纤维形成的分子机制提供参考;同时也将有助于揭示肌肉品质形成的分子遗传调控机制,为利用分子生物学技术培育高品质新品种或新品系产肉动物提供分子理论依据。 相似文献
14.
The centrifugal fibers in the pigeon retina end in the inner nuclear layer and form two kinds of terminals, convergent and divergent. In the inner nuclear layer the fibers synapse with amnacrine and displaced ganglion cells. Because of their great number and their even distribution these fibers appear to constitute a system for the localized centrifugal control of the retinal functions. 相似文献
15.
A disk-shaped molecule with chiral tails is shown to form long fibers of molecular diameter and micrometer length by self-assembly in chloroform. The molecules are derived from crown ethers and contain a phthalocyanine ring. In the fibers, they have a clockwise, staggered orientation that leads to an overall right-handed helical structure. These structures, in turn, self-assemble to form coiled-coil aggregates with left-handed helicity. Addition of potassium ions to the fibers leaves their structure intact but blocks the transfer of the chirality from the tails to the cores, leading to loss of the helicity of the fibers. These tunable chiral materials have potential in optoelectronic applications and as components in sensor devices. 相似文献
16.
采用免疫组织化学法研究了10只青紫蓝兔脑内开胃素（Orexin） A免疫阳性神经元和神经纤维的分布。结果显示，Orexin A免疫阳性神经元分布于下丘脑的视上核、室旁核、背内侧核、穹隆周核、外侧区、前区和后区以及底丘脑的未定带。Orexin A免疫阳性神经纤维广泛分布于中枢神经系统内，在端脑分布于大脑皮质、尾状核、隔核和杏仁核；在间脑分布于丘脑、下丘脑、上丘脑和垂体；在中脑分布于中央灰质、前丘、后丘、黑质、网状结构和中缝核；在脑桥分布于蓝斑、网状结构和中缝核；在延髓分布于极后区、孤束核和迷走神经背侧运动核；在小脑和脊髓也有分布。 相似文献
17.
Structure of the giant fibers of earthworms 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
B Mulloney 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,168(934):994-996
The median giant fiber and the pair of lateral giant fibers that run the length of the ventral nerve cord in earthworms were thought to arise by fusion of the axons of several nerve cells in each segment. The structure of these giant fibers has now been examined with a fluorescent dye injected into single fibers. Each giant axon connects to one cell body in each segment; the giant fibers are not fused axons. In each segment, the median giant fiber has three branches and each lateral giant fiber has five branches. These branches are presumably dendritic. No structural differences between the giant fibers in anterior and posterior regions of the worm seem to account for the functional polarity of the giant fiber system observed in behavioral studies. 相似文献
18.
水溶性聚磷酸铵对木塑复合材料性能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了分析聚磷酸铵在热压过程中提高木塑复合材料性能的原理,利用Coats-Redfern方法计算了经阻燃处理的木纤维在热压温度范围内(170～190℃)的表观活化能,利用红外光谱对阻燃和未处理木纤维热压后特征官能团的变化进行了比较,并制备无胶纤维板和木塑胶合板进行性能评价和验证。结果表明:1)阻燃木纤维的表观活化能比未处理木纤维的低;2)热压后,阻燃木纤维中羰基、甲基、醚键等基团都有量的变化;3)阻燃无胶纤维板有较高的抗弯强度;4)阻燃木塑胶合板有较高的干状胶合强度。可见,聚磷酸铵的加入提高了热压过程中木纤维的表面活性,改善了木塑界面的相容性,宏观表现为提高了木塑复合材料的物理力学性能。 相似文献
19.
Russell P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5605):358-362
Photonic crystal fibers guide light by corralling it within a periodic array of microscopic air holes that run along the entire fiber length. Largely through their ability to overcome the limitations of conventional fiber optics-for example, by permitting low-loss guidance of light in a hollow core-these fibers are proving to have a multitude of important technological and scientific applications spanning many disciplines. The result has been a renaissance of interest in optical fibers and their uses. 相似文献
20.
Like the chelipeds, the claw closer muscles of the adult lobster are asymmetric (dipmorphic). In the crusher claw the closer muscle is composed entirely of slow fibers, and in the cutter claw it has 65 to 75 percent fast fibers and 25 to 35 percent slow fibers. While claw placement in the adult is essentially random, it can be demonstrated in two ways that the muscle fiber properties are not genetically fixed: (i) if one claw is removed in the fourth and early fifth stages, the remaining closer muscle develops all slow muscle fibers, and (ii) if the animals are raised in smooth-bottomed containers, both claws can become cutter types, having closer muscles with more than 50 percent fast fibers. Thus, as in vertebrate skeletal muscle, the properties of lobster closer muscle fibers can be transformed by various experimental manipulations. 相似文献