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为了解阳光照射对球虫卵囊孢子化率的影响,将未孢子化卵囊分别在阳光下照射2小时、4小时、6小时后,放在27～28℃恒温箱中培养,于第3天和第5天进行显微镜观察计数球虫卵囊孢子化率。试验结果表明,阳光照射对球虫卵囊的孢子化率有着明显抑制作用,随着光照时间的延长,球虫卵囊的孢子化率呈下降趋势。说明鸡球虫未孢子化卵囊对高温干燥的环境抵抗力差,阳光照射3～4小时,孢子化率明显下降12.67%￣26.00%。 相似文献
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为探讨在不同温度条件下粪便保存不同时间对球虫卵囊成熟力的影响,本实验将含有球虫卵囊的粪便在-20℃、4℃、20℃、28℃分别保存0 h、24 h、48 h、72 h,通过观察卵囊的孢子化率确定最佳保存条件。结果表明:相同保存温度条件下,保存0 h、24 h、48 h、72 h的E.tenella早熟耐药株卵囊的孢子化率依次降低。-20℃和28℃时孢子化率均未达到80%;在4℃时粪便保存24 h的孢子化率达到80%以上,保存48h及以上时孢子化率极显著(P0.01)低于保存24 h的孢子化率;在20℃时的孢子化率均达到80%以上。 相似文献
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为探讨在不同温度条件下粪便保存不同时间对球虫卵囊成熟力的影响，本实验将含有球虫卵囊的粪便在．20℃、4℃、20℃、28℃分别保存0h、24h、48h、72h，通过观察卵囊的孢子化率确定最佳保存条件。结果表明：相同保存温度条件下，保存0h、24h、48h、72h的E．tenella早熟耐药株卵囊的孢子化率依次降低。-20℃和28℃时孢子化率均未达到80％；在4℃时粪便保存24h的孢子化率达到80％以上，保存48h及以上时孢子化率极显著（P〈0．01）低于保存24h的孢子化率；在20℃时的孢子化率均达到80％以上。 相似文献
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《当代畜牧》2020,(4)
为了研究青蒿、秦皮这2种中草药不同质量浓度溶液对兔球虫卵囊孢子化的影响,笔者采用饱和食盐水漂浮法分离兔球虫卵囊,再将未孢子化的兔球虫卵囊分别置于不同质量浓度(0.25 g/m L、0.50 g/m L、1.00 g/m L)的青蒿及秦皮中药提取液中,28℃恒温连续培养5 d。每24 h在显微镜下观察兔球虫卵囊的孢子形成情况,计算兔球虫卵囊孢子化率。试验结果表明,2种药物对球虫卵囊孢子化均有抑制效果,但在相同时间、相同浓度时秦皮的抑制作用高于青蒿,且随着药物浓度的增加,对球虫卵囊的孢子化抑制效果也增强。5 d后抑制效果最好的是1.00 g/m L的秦皮,孢子化率为62%;抑制效果最差的是0.25 g/m L的青蒿,孢子化率为85%。 相似文献
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为了解不同消毒药对兔球虫卵囊孢子化的影响,试验采用不同浓度的氨水(2%、5%、10%)、聚维酮碘(0.1%、0.5%、5%)、新洁尔灭(0.1%、0.5%、1%)、过氧化氢(0.3%、0.5%、1%)、碘酊(2%、3%、5%)、兽用百毒杀(1∶100、1∶50、1∶10)、二氯异氰尿酸钠(1∶200、1∶100、1∶50)、氢氧化钠(0.2%、0.5%、1%)分别对自然混合感染球虫的兔新鲜粪球作用10 min、30 min、1 h、2 h,观察其对球虫卵囊孢子化的影响。结果表明:10%氨水对兔球虫卵囊孢子化影响最大,其孢子化率最低;二氯异氰尿酸钠、新洁尔灭、聚维酮碘对球虫卵囊孢子化有一定影响,过氧化氢、碘酊、兽用百毒杀、氢氧化钠对球虫卵囊孢子化无明显影响。说明氨水、二氯异氰尿酸钠和新洁尔灭三种消毒药可作为兔球虫环境消毒的有效药物。 相似文献
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为探讨温度对球虫消杀剂抑制鸡球虫卵囊孢子化的影响,试验以7%氨水作为对照组,设置1:50、1:100、1:150的球虫消杀剂溶液组,同时设置生理盐水对照组.各处理液分别在4℃和20℃下与柔嫩艾美耳球虫未孢子化卵囊在体外相互作用6、12和24h,然后用2.5%重铬酸钾溶液培养处理后的球虫卵囊,观察其孢子化率.结果表明:1:50、1:100、1:150球虫消杀剂在4℃分别处理6、12和24h的卵囊孢子化率均极显著(P<0.01)高于20℃下的对应处理组.球虫消杀剂在20℃下有更好的抑制球虫卵囊孢子化的作用. 相似文献
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中草药对兔球虫卵囊孢子化的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解中草药对球虫卵囊孢子化的影响,将未孢子化斯氏艾美尔球虫卵囊分别在质量浓度为0.25g/mol、0.50g/mol、1.00g/mol的蒲公英、青蒿、白头翁、秦皮药物中进行孢子化,于第4、6、8天观察球虫卵囊的孢子化情况。结果表明,所用中草药对球虫卵囊的孢子化率有一定的抑制作用,白头翁的抑制效果最好,其中以青蒿的抑制效果最差。 相似文献
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外源性一氧化氮对鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫的作用 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
用酸化亚硝酸钠作为一氧化氮(NO)供体处理新收取的柔嫩艾美尔球虫未孢子化和已孢子化卵囊,来探讨外源性NO对球虫卵囊的抑杀作用。另外通过内服亚硝基谷胱甘肽(GSNO)试验来观察外源性NO对球虫病的防治作用。结果表明,酸化亚硝酸钠溶液(pH=1)对球虫卵囊的孢子生殖具有明显的抑制作用,20mmol/L酸化亚硝酸钠溶液对卵囊孢子生殖的抑制率可达100%;但不经酸化的亚硝酸钠溶液和相同pH的盐酸溶液对卵囊的孢子生殖没有明显影响。经20mmol/L以上浓度酸化亚硝酸钠处理的孢子化卵囊也失去了对雏鸡的致病力,但直接内服GSNO溶液则没有明显的抗球虫作用。这提示外源性NO对鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫未孢子化和孢子化卵囊均有抑杀作用,但直接内服没有明显的抗球虫病作用。 相似文献
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Kimbita EN Samani PM Machange EN Silayo RS 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2005,72(3):251-254
A wild strain of Eimeria tenella was isolated and utilized for immunization studies. Its optimal sporulation was attained at room temperature 24-25 degrees C after 24-48 h. Two groups of chicks were immunized by dosing a graded dose of five oocysts/chick/day for 6 days followed by 50 oocysts/chick/day for 7 days. A third group was not immunized and served as a negative control. Immunized chicks gained mass at the same rate as unimmunized ones, but when challenged with 200,000 oocysts/chick, mass gains declined in the unimmunized group. The growth rate of immunized chicks was not affected by challenge (P > 0.05). Upon challenge, unimmunized chicks produced significantly more oocysts than immunized chicks (P < 0.005). Immunized chicks withstood a challenged with 200,000 oocysts/chick without developing any clinical signs whereas the unimmunized chicks developed typical clinical signs of coccidiosis. Unimmunized chicks had significantly more severe lesions in the caecum than any other group (P > 0.005) and also produced significantly more oocysts than any other group (P > 0.005). 相似文献
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Feed additive anticoccidials currently used in Japan were examined for possible effects on oocyst sporulation of Eimeria tenella. Monensin, salinomycin, lasalocid, amprolium plus ethpabate, amporolium plus ethopabate plus sulfaquinoxaline, clopidol, or nicarbazin were given to chickens continuously via the feed at the recommended use level or one-half of that level. Oocysts discharged in feces 7-8 days post inoculation (PI) were collected and aerated for sporulation. Low sporulation rate was noted, when clopidol at 62.5 mg kg-1 was given from 4 to 7 days PI. These oocysts were as infective as oocysts from controls, based on weight gain, feed efficiency, gross lesion score of cecae, and oocyst count 7 days PI. The results of the study indicated that the second schizogony and gametogony are vulnerable to clopidol, as evidenced by oocyst sporulation, but infectivity of these sporulated oocysts was not affected. 相似文献
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为获得紫茎泽兰处理鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫后差异基因,将0.5%紫茎泽兰提取液作用于鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊孢子化过程,采用抑制消减杂交技术（SSH）筛选处理后卵囊的差异表达基因,通过GO和COG功能预测分析,并采用实时荧光定量PCR验证差异表达的基因。结果显示,采用SSH成功构建了紫茎泽兰处理前后鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊的cDNA消减文库,获得86条ESTs序列,经拼接和聚类后得到31条独立基因（Unigenes）,其中有23个基因有功能注释,8个基因没有功能注释,另外有4个基因没有同源性匹配。为进一步验证文库的特异性,从中随机选取3个差异表达基因,运用实时荧光定量PCR技术验证表面抗原13、3-羟酰辅酶A脱氢酶和细胞色素P450基因在紫茎泽兰处理前后的表达差异,结果显示,3个基因在经紫茎泽兰处理的鸡球虫孢子化卵囊中的表达量明显低于未处理组,说明紫茎泽兰对柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊具有一定的活性抑制作用。本试验获取了紫茎泽兰作用柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊的主要调控基因,为将紫茎泽兰研发成环境杀虫剂奠定了良好的理论基础,也可为球虫致弱疫苗或基因缺失疫苗的靶标筛选研究提供参考。 相似文献
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给18日龄鸡胚接种一定剂量的柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eim eria tenella)和/或堆形艾美耳球虫(E.acervulina)孢子化卵囊,出雏后在无球虫环境中笼养,1~10日龄每天收集各组粪便样本,计数克粪便卵囊数(OPG),并于14日龄时以大剂量同源孢子化卵囊攻虫,以相对增重率(RWG)、饲料转化率(FCR)、相对卵囊产量(ROP)评价免疫保护效果。结果显示,以E.tenella或E.acervulina卵囊免疫18日龄鸡胚,其卵囊排出的潜隐期及达到峰值的时间与1日龄雏鸡接种组相一致,有相似的排卵囊曲线,提示其诱导免疫的建立是在出雏后开始建立的。攻虫后各免疫组的RWG由攻虫对照组的31.9%~51.7%提高到了76.5%~83.6%,RCR由攻虫对照组的4.11~4.89改善为2.72~2.96,ROP降至4.7%~23.5%。结果表明以一定剂量E.tenella和E.acervulina卵囊单独或混合经羊膜腔免疫18日龄鸡胚都可以建立起针对出雏后14日龄同源攻虫的良好免疫保护力。比较混合免疫E.tenella和E.acervulina卵囊组与单一接种E.tenella或E.acervulina卵囊组的免疫效果发现,混合免疫组的各项指标均稍优于后者。 相似文献
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The development and application of a standardized model for testing of anticoccidial disinfectants are described. Due to its economic impact, tenacity of oocysts, and reproducibility of the course of infection Eimeria tenella has been chosen as test organism. Oocysts of the Houghton strain were more susceptible to disinfection with 4% TP4 (Preventol) than oocysts of a field isolate (FI 292/1) as determined by sporulation inhibition and lysis. Scoring of intestinal lesions and of oocyst numbers in mucosal scrapings in chicken infected with various doses of oocysts were found unsuitable for assessment of disinfectants. Because strain differences were observed only Houghton strain oocysts were applied for further testing. Guidelines for standardized in vivo testing of disinfectants have been stipulated by the German Veterinary Society (DVG) on the basis of these studies. When applied for testing of Neopredisan (NP) in two separate laboratories similar results were obtained. Inhibitory activity (IA; proportion of inactivated oocysts) of 92.9 and 90.6% were calculated for 3% NP and of 95.2 and 96.8% for 4% NP after treatment with the disinfectant over 120 min. According to the guidelines IA of at least 95% is required for certification of sufficient disinfecting efficacy by the DVG. 相似文献
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Ibuprofen (IBU)-a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-inhibits the biosynthesis of prostaglandins with pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties and is therefore proposed as a candidate molecule for the treatment of coccidiosis in broiler chickens. In all experiments, IBU was administered via drinking water. In a first experiment, chickens were infected at 10 or 21 days of age with oocysts of Eimeria acervulina (5 X 10(4)), Eimeria maxima (3 X 10(4)), and Eimeria tenella (7.5 X 10(3)) and medicated with IBU at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight (BW). In a second experiment, chickens were infected at 6 days of age with 10(4) oocysts of E. acervulina and medicated with IBU at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW. In the third experiment, an inoculum consisting of 5 x 10(4) or 10(5) E. acervulina oocysts was administered at 6 days of age to chickens medicated with IBU at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW. In a fourth experiment, the effect of IBU on sporulation and infectivity of E. acervulina oocysts was studied. Coccidial lesion scores (CLSs), oocyst shedding, and weight gain were used as evaluation parameters in all experiments except the fourth, where weight gain was not taken into account. In addition, the sporulation percentage was determined in the last experiment. No influence of IBU on the indicated parameters was observed after providing the drug at a dose of 15 mg/kg BW, whereas CLSs and oocyst shedding were reduced when IBU was provided at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW. However, IBU did not significantly show any effect on the degree of sporulation and infectivity of E. acervulina oocysts at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW. 相似文献
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为了筛选有效的球虫消毒剂,本研究将柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊分别与16种常用消毒剂和1种高效抗球虫药物溶液（250 mg/L妥曲珠利溶液）混合作用2 h然后在2.5%重铬酸钾溶液中孢子化培养,或混合作用4 h后接种14日龄雏鸡,根据卵囊孢子化率、孢子化抑制率、每克粪便卵囊数量（oocysts per gram of feces,OPG）、病变计分和血便情况评价消毒剂和抗球虫药物抑杀球虫卵囊效果。结果显示,8%氨水对未孢子化卵囊和孢子化卵囊均表现为100%的抑杀效果;250 mg/L妥曲珠利、3%甲醛、4%苯酚、0.5%过氧乙酸、5% NaOH+10% NaCl和5% NaOH对球虫卵囊活性具有一定的抑制作用,孢子化抑制率超过10%,但是对孢子化卵囊抑杀作用不明显;而剩余10种常用消毒剂对球虫卵囊没有明显的抑杀作用。氨水抑杀球虫卵囊条件优化的试验结果显示,1%~8%氨水与未孢子化卵囊作用1 h以上,均可100%抑杀球虫卵囊活性。粪便干扰试验结果显示,粪便不影响2%和4%氨水对球虫卵囊的抑杀效果。本研究结果说明常用消毒剂和抗球虫药物不能有效杀灭球虫卵囊的活性,而氨水是一种高效球虫消毒剂。本研究结果可为开发新型高效球虫消毒剂和球虫病控制提供参考。 相似文献
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The distribution of oocysts, sporocysts and sporozoites of Eimeria tenella and Eimeria maxima in the digestive tract of chicken and in excreta was investigated. At 1 h after the oral inoculation of E. tenella oocysts, the number of sporocysts in the cecum was 3.4 x 10(6) and decreased gradually thereafter, and the number of sporozoites in the cecum increased and remained at a high level until 12 h after the inoculation. Small numbers of sporocysts and sporozoites of E. tenella were found in other intestinal sites. A great number of E. maxima sporozoites was found, especially in the jejunum, 2 h after the inoculation. The findings that the largest populations of sporozoites of E. tenella and E. maxima were found in the cecum and the jejunum, respectively, indicate that the site specificity of sporozoite invasion for each species is determined before the invasion takes place. 相似文献