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家庭饲养金鱼技术十要点一、金鱼品种的选择金鱼的品种繁多，现已统计的有１６０多种，分为龙种（有背鳍）和蛋种（无背鳍）两大类。龙种类的主要有：龙睛、帽子、珍珠、透明鱼和文昌等以及它们的变异品种。蛋种类的主要有：绒球、翻鳃、狮头、鹅头、虎头、丹凤、水泡眼、... 相似文献
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鲤鲫杂交(♀)×鲫(♂)回交子代的形态特征研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
利用雌性鲤鲫杂交与雄性鲫鱼回交,制备了鲤鲫杂交回交子代鱼,并对其1龄鱼的形态特征和内部器官结构进行了测定。其主要性状为：回交子代的背鳍条Ⅲ,15～18；臀鳍条Ⅲ,4～6；侧线鳞27～36；侧线上鳞和侧线下鳞同为5～6；鳃耙28～33；体长为体高的(2.35±0.11)倍,为头长的(3.33±0.13)倍,为尾柄长的(6.36±0.54)倍；头长为眼径的(4.54±0.20)倍；为眼间距的(1.74±0.07)倍；为尾柄高的(1.96±0.10)倍；尾柄长为尾柄高的(0.90±0.28)倍；体高为头高的(1.59±0.09)倍。结果表明,该回交子代鱼在可数和可量性状上都有个别性状产生变易,但大多数性状相对比较稳定。 相似文献
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试验旨在探索研究不同的水深和容器的透光性是否影响望天眼金鱼最终成功翻眼率,并通过杂交试验,探讨金鱼望天眼性状是否稳定遗传。试验首先选取红望天眼金鱼两雌一雄和一雄偏龙睛五花金鱼,进行人工混合繁殖,随机选取后代分四组,分别在透明玻璃缸水深15 cm(A)、透明玻璃缸水深30 cm(B)、不透光塑缸水深15 cm(C)和不透光塑缸水深30 cm(D)环境中养殖290 d,统计最终金鱼成功翻眼率,进行双因素方差分析,同时进行望天眼金鱼与翻眼不成功的介于望天和龙睛中间体的金鱼进行正反交和各自自交,统计后代最终的眼睛性状。结果显示:水深对望天眼金鱼成功翻眼率影响极显著,容器透光性对其影响不显著;亲本翻眼程度越大,其后代望天比例越高,表明望天眼性状受遗传影响较大,并且一定程度上受母体遗传效应影响。 相似文献
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<正> 金鱼养殖是赵县近几年新兴起的产业,发展势头很好。赵县水产工作站紧紧围绕这一产业的发展,自己动手在机关内建起了金鱼良种繁育中心。今年共引进龙睛、水泡、虎头、狮子头、绒球、鹤顶红、珍珠红帽7个品种100尾亲鱼,经过技术人员辛勤工作,先后度过了水质关、繁殖关、高温关、鱼病关、饲养关,共繁殖鱼苗4万尾,培育商品金鱼1万尾,目前金鱼长势良好。 相似文献
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通过解剖转基因鲤鲫杂交回交子代鱼、二倍体鲤和鲫鱼各30尾,观察并测定了其形态特征和内部器官结构。其主要性状为：转基因鲤鲫杂交回交子代的背鳍条Ⅲ,15—19;臀鳍条Ⅲ,5—6;侧线鳞31—38;侧线上鳞5—6;侧线下鳞5—7;鳃耙28—33;下咽齿2行。1．4—4．1;口须2对;肠长44—46;体长为体高的2．06—2．54倍,为头长的2．83—3．46倍,为尾柄长4．86—8．43倍,为背鳍基长2．18—2．80倍;头长为吻长的2．60一3．71倍,为眼径的4．20—5．20倍。为尾柄高的1．85—2．07倍;尾柄长为尾柄高的0．97—1．36倍;体高为头高的1．56—1．84倍。结果表明,转基因鲤鲫杂交回交子代的形态特征偏向于鲤鱼。 相似文献
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采用观察、测量、解剖和拍照的方法,对狼鳗(Anarrhichthys ocellatus)的外部形态、可数可量性状及消化系统、生殖系统进行研究,并描述了狼鳗的相关特征。结果显示,狼鳗体型为鳗形,整体呈黑色或灰黑色,头部、背部及背鳍鳍条上有若干似眼睛的黑色圆斑,体表无鳞。背鳍鳍条数为232~267,胸鳍鳍条数为15~22,臀鳍鳍条数为189~220,无腹鳍,背鳍和臀鳍因与尾鳍相连而无明显区分界限,侧线左右各2条,均不完整,雄性侧线点明显,而雌性侧线点不明显。上排侧线点数为18~25,下排侧线点数为76~85。上鳃耙数为49~70,下鳃耙数为55~73,脊椎骨数为232~271。全长/体长线性相关性最好,雌、雄差异很小,稳定性最好。头长/吻长、头长/眼径、体长/肠长的变化范围较大,雌、雄间差异较大,线性相关性差,可以作为区分狼鳗雌、雄的重要特征;狼鳗体重与体长关系:W=0.0337S12.4798(R2=0.9992),雌性:W=0.0326Si2.4864(R2=0.9990),雄性:W=0.0359Si2.4672(R2=0.9995)。消化系统由消化道和消化腺构成,口咽腔大,具颌齿,无腭齿、犁齿,咽喉齿发达;胃大,呈"Ⅰ"型,无幽门盲囊;肠短粗,比肠长为0.45;相关性状及特征显示狼鳗为肉食性鱼类。雌雄异体,卵巢(Ⅲ~Ⅳ)呈椭圆形,粉红色,左右对称,精巢(Ⅲ~Ⅳ)呈黄白色,"Y"形。 相似文献
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大口黑鲈北方亚种、佛罗里达亚种及其杂交子代的生长和形态差异分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以大口黑鲈北方亚种和佛罗里达亚种为亲本,建立了北方亚种自交N(北方亚种♀×北方亚种♂)、佛罗里达亚种自交F(佛罗里达亚种♀×佛罗里达亚种♂)、正交子代NF(北方亚种♀×佛罗里达亚种♂)和反交子代FN(佛罗里达亚种♀×北方亚种♂)4个试验群体,并对其生长性能和形态学差异进行了比较。N、NF和FN的生长性能比较结果表明,在90～152日龄期间,3个试验群体生长速率差别不大,在152日龄后大口黑鲈北方亚种的生长速度明显快于两杂交子代。可数性状的分析结果表明,4个试验组在腹鳍、臀鳍硬棘、鳃耙和脊椎骨上均无差异;正反交子代与两亲本在背鳍条、胸鳍条、臀鳍条、尾鳍条、侧线上鳞、侧线下鳞的数量上均达到极显著差异(P0.01)。可量性状和框架结构数据的聚类分析结果表明,N和F聚为一支,NF和FN聚为一支,然后这两支再汇聚;主成分分析概括出方差贡献率较大的3个主成分,累积贡献率为71.44%,主成分1主要反映鱼体框架的变化,方差贡献率为54.90%,主成分2和主成分3主要反映鱼的头部、背部和尾部的形态变化,方差贡献率分别为11.21%和5.33%。在35个测量参数中挑选11个对判别贡献较大的参数建立4个群体的判别函数,判别准确率为83.90%～100.00%。研究结果为杂种大口黑鲈的鉴定、育种及养殖提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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Morphological aberrations of the pectoral fins in nine mating combinations involving Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822), Heterobranchus longifilis (Valenciennes, 1840) and their hybrids were investigated to determine the level and genetic basis of occurrence. The highest mean percentage survival in a Clarias× Clarias group was 75%, whereas the least mean percentage survival was 2% in the same group. The least mean percentage survival (40.3%) in the remaining three groups occurred in the cross of female hybrid (right pectoral fin absent) × male C. gariepinus (right pectoral fin absent). A maximum of nine types of aberrations was observed in the four mating groups – double dorsal fin, curved posterior dorsal fin, spineless right pectoral fin, right pectoral fin absent, left pectoral fin absent, rudimentary pectoral fin, both pectoral fins absent, double anal fin and curved anterior dorsal fin. These nine aberration types were recorded in the Clarias× Clarias group, with a total frequency ranging from 7.14% to 75.00%. The least number of aberrations was observed in the hybrid ×Clarias group (double dorsal fin and both pectoral fins absent) with a frequency range of 1.47–5.55%. No aberration was observed in two crosses involving female hybrid (right or left pectoral fin absent) × female C. gariepinus (normal). The level of aberrations in some of these crosses indicates the involvement of genotype rather than the influence of environment. 相似文献
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三角帆蚌种质资源研究进展 总被引：14，自引：4，他引：10
三角帆蚌是我国优良的淡水育珠蚌,具有重要的经济价值。本文从我国三角帆蚌种质资源调查、搜集与保护出发,介绍了三角帆蚌RAPD、SSR及线粒体基因片段等不同分子标记开发状况,重点讨论了这些分子标记分析三角帆蚌遗传多样性的情况。比较了我国五大淡水湖泊三角帆蚌种质及3个优秀种质9个F1后代的生长性能,比较了三角帆蚌雌雄生长差异。简述了三角帆蚌珍珠质形成相关基因、免疫相关基因、贝壳及珍珠颜色相关基因的研究现状。从三角帆蚌与其他蚌类种间杂交、三角帆蚌种内杂交,介绍了培育康乐蚌新品种的过程及三角帆蚌家系选育的进展情况。对今后进一步开展三角帆蚌种质资源研究提出了意见和建议,为三角帆蚌遗传改良提供了基础资料。 相似文献
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Xueming Xu Zhengyu Jin Hongtao Wang Xiaoming Chen Caiqing Wang Shuai Yu 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2006,37(3):282-288
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the addition of astaxanthin from red yeast, Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous, in the diets of goldfish, Carassius auratus. The first was designed to investigate the distribution of pigments in different tissues of goldfish and the effect of astaxanthin in the diet. The carotenoid concentration of tissues was not homogenous. The content of pigments in fish caudal fin was the highest followed by those of scales and head. Flesh had the least carotenoid deposition. Fish fed the diet containing 60 mg/kg astaxanthin had increased concentration of pigment in its head (22.6%), scales (45.5%), flesh (31.0%), and fin (21.2%), compared to fish fed basal diet (P < 0.05). Sixty parts per million astaxanthin had no effect on the weight gain and survival rate. High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis showed astaxanthin in its esterified form in goldfish. The second experiment was aimed at determining the dietary level of astaxanthin that improved color of goldfish. Goldfish were fed the same diet supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg yeast astaxanthin/kg for 60 d. The deposition of carotenoids in goldfish fed diets supplemented with astaxanthin increased significantly (P < 0.05) after 15 d of feeding compared to that of the fish fed the diet without astaxanthin, but the effect of dosage of astaxanthin in the diets on the color of goldfish was not completely evident until Day 60 (P < 0.05). During the period of 15–45 d, the deposition of pigments in fish did not increase significantly (P > 0.05) in any treatment with the exception of the diet with 40 mg yeast astaxanthin/kg. 相似文献
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黄海、东海近海七个棘头梅童鱼地理群体的形态差异分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
对2013年采自连云港、大丰、崇明、舟山、宁德、厦门和温州的7个棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)群体共238个个体进行形态学比较研究,运用单因素方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析和判别分析等多元统计分析方法对13项可量性状以及20项框架参数进行形态差异分析。单因素方差分析结果显示,7个地理群体之间确实存在显著性差异;主成分分析得到的4个主成分对不同群体间总差异的贡献率分别为53.131%、9.328%、4.249%和3.406%,累积贡献率为70.113%,躯干部最能用以区分不同的地理种群;主成分分析和聚类分析结果基本一致,认为7个棘头梅童鱼地理群体在形态上不存在明显的南北分化现象;通过判别分析得到14个比例变量并构建判别函数,将7个群体的数据代入函数,得到群体的综合判别率为85.3%,判别准确率P1为62.5%~96.7%(群体判别正确的尾数/群体的实际尾数),P2为78.1%~90.6%(判别正确的尾数/判入该群体的尾数),舟山群体由于其特殊的地理因素,判别准确率较低(P1=62.5%,P2=78.1%)。本研究为棘头梅童鱼地理种群判别、种质资源保护以及良种选育等提供了基础的形态学数据。 相似文献
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To determine the potential for productive efficiency and genetic improvement in the clam (Meretrix meretrix), four populations were produced from a diallel mating of two different geographical stocks (SD and JS). The genetic parameters at nine novel microsatellite loci indicated that the numbers of alleles, observed heterozygosity and polymorphic information content of the reciprocal cross populations (SDJS and JSSD) were larger than those of the pure populations (JSJS and SDSD). The values of Nei's unbiased genetic distance and FST revealed that the largest genetic divergence was between the two pure populations (DC=0.2993, FST=0.1438) and the smallest was between the two reciprocal cross populations (DC=0.1093, FST=0.0583). In addition, the mean shell lengths of the reciprocal cross populations were significantly larger than that of the pure populations by 1.577 mm (P<0.05), and the same trend was observed in the other traits. A significant maternal effect was revealed after analysis of the effects of egg origin and mating strategy on the four traits. Heteroses for all the traits were detected in the reciprocal cross populations. Our research implies an extensive development potential in productive efficiency and genetic improvement for M. meretrix. 相似文献
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为查明我国沿海不同地理群体龙头鱼（Harpadon nehereus）外部形态差异,采用传统形态学测定和几何框架度量法对8个龙头鱼群体共计199尾个体的29个可量性状进行了多元统计分析。主成分分析提取了排序前7位的主成分,获得累计贡献率达71.481%。主成分散点图显示舟山和潮州群体与其他群体差异较大,其中第1主成分反映了臀鳍大小及腹鳍至臀鳍间的躯体斜向大小差异;主成分2受到双眼间距离和口裂大小的影响。单因素方差分析显示仅特征值口裂/头长（MCL/HL）、腹鳍起点至脂鳍起点/体长（D3-D8/BL）、臀鳍起点至背鳍起点/体长（D5-D6/BL）和臀鳍基部末端至脂鳍基部末端/体长（D7-D10/BL）在各群体间未检测到显著性差异（P<0.05）。聚类树显示舟山群体聚在最外层,与其余群体差异较大,其次为海口和青岛群体。用逐步回归分析法选取9个作用最大的特征值建立判别公式,样本被判入青岛群体的判别准确率为100%,综合辨别率为66.9%。研究结果表明,不同群体龙头鱼在形态上存在一定差异,躯体长度、臀鳍位置和头部形态是区分它们的主要特征,但这些差异与地理分布没有形成对应关系。推测不同群体间频繁的交流使得形态差异受地理距离的影响较小,环境因子可能是导致特征差异的主要原因。 相似文献
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基于microCT扫描技术的鲤骨骼和显微结构分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
了解活体鲤（Cyprinuscarpio）骨结构、形态、连接、空间分布以及骨骼矿物质组成对鲤的选育、行为学研究以及肉品加工有重要的意义。X射线显微CT技术（microCT）对样品没有破坏,可实现活体检测,并能获取活体任意形态的结构参数。因此,文章通过这项技术来研究活体鲤的骨骼状况。结果显示,脊椎骨与头、尾相连,胸鳍位于头骨后,背鳍、腹鳍和尾鳍与整个脊椎骨并不相连。骨体积分数和骨小梁厚度在腹鳍较高,头尾较低;骨表面积体积比、骨小梁数量和骨小梁间隔在头部较高,腹鳍较低;骨矿物质含量、骨矿物质密度和组织矿物质含量在背鳍最高;骨体积分数在腹鳍最高,胸鳍、背鳍和尾鳍次之,头尾较低。骨小梁厚度、矿物质含量等在背鳍、腹鳍部位较高,这可能与鲤的运动有关,而头骨表面积体积比、骨小梁数量和骨小梁间隔较高可能与头部的复杂结构密切相关。 相似文献
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D. Almeida A. Almodvar G.G. Nicola B. Elvira 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,279(1-4):120-125
Knowledge about the effects of captivity and environmental stress on fish populations is basic to culture them for ornamental, conservation or exploitation purposes. The aim of this study was to test how captivity affect morphological development of bilateral characters and whether levels of fluctuating asymmetry, morphological abnormalities and ectoparasites reflect developmental stress caused by adverse environmental conditions in two species of cyprinids, goldfish Carassius auratus and two varieties of carp Cyprinus carpio, scale and mirror carp. Samples from captivity were caught in an artificial pond (Madrid City, Spain), which presents poor environmental conditions; while samples from nature were captured in the Ebro River basin (NE Spain). Six meristic and four morphometric bilateral characters were measured and compared between the two samples. Additionally, the incidence of morphological abnormalities and ectoparasites was also recorded. Captive goldfish presented significant lower number of scales of the lateral line, scale rows above lateral line and length of pectoral and ventral fins. Captive carps showed significant shorter first barbels and longer ventral fins. Ornamental goldfish showed significant higher levels of fluctuating asymmetry than wild samples for number of branched rays of pectoral fin, lateral line, scale rows below lateral line and length of pectoral and ventral fins. Ornamental carps presented a similar trend for the same characters, except for branched rays and length of pectoral fins, together with the length of second barbels. In the artificial pond, the incidence of abnormalities was higher in carp, whereas goldfish showed a higher occurrence of ectoparasites. These facts support the hypothesis of a different species response to environmental stress. The overall results indicate that fish from the artificial pond are subjected to environmental stress caused by adverse conditions such as overcrowding and lower water quality. Moreover, estimated parameters in this study mean a useful tool to detect developmental instability in confined fish. 相似文献