共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
不同温度对杏鲍菇减压贮藏品质的影响 总被引：4，自引：5，他引：4
为了研究减压贮藏条件下杏鲍菇的适宜贮藏温度,以杏鲍菇为试材,采用0.07 mm厚的低密度聚乙烯袋抽真空至0.06 MPa减压包装后,分别置于0、2、4、6和8℃下贮藏,研究了不同贮藏温度对减压贮藏条件下杏鲍菇的生理生化及品质的影响。结果表明:2、4℃较好地保持了杏鲍菇超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)(P0.01)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性(P0.05),有效抑制了丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量的上升(P0.01),降低了呼吸强度(P0.01),延缓了杏鲍菇子实体的衰老进程,较好地保持了杏鲍菇的硬度、弹性、内聚性和咀嚼性;降低了杏鲍菇的多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)活性(P0.01),有效抑制了杏鲍菇的褐变,较好地保持了杏鲍菇的色泽(P0.01)。因此,2~4℃为杏鲍菇减压贮藏条件下的适宜贮藏温度,有效延缓了杏鲍菇的后熟衰老进程,延长了杏鲍菇的贮藏期,从而为杏鲍菇的贮藏保鲜提供理论依据和技术方法。 相似文献
2.
以冬枣为试材,研究了冬枣在81.1KPa、50.7KPa、20.3KPa、101.3KPa(常压)4个不同压力下的生理生化变化。结果表明:低压抑制了果实的呼吸强度、MDA含量的积累以及LOX活性和POD活性,减缓了相对电导率和总糖含量的增加,降低了Vc的损失,减慢了转红速度,延缓了果实的衰老进程。生产中可以选用50.7kPa或者81.1 kPa的低压条件贮藏冬枣。 相似文献
3.
适宜1-MCP处理保持采后菠萝常温贮藏品质 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
为了探索1-MCP处理对采后菠萝生理及品质的影响,为菠萝贮藏保鲜措施提供理论依据。以‘巴厘’品种的菠萝果实为试材,采用适宜0.45μL/L体积分数的1-MCP对菠萝进行处理,置于25℃条件下贮藏,采用气相色谱定期测定乙烯释放量,并采用常规理化分析方法测定菠萝品质及相关生理指标。结果表明,1-MCP处理能延缓果实贮藏过程中乙烯的合成速率,与相同贮藏条件下的对照(未处理)果实相比,乙烯释放高峰推迟4 d;1-MCP处理可以延缓果实丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量的快速升高,同时对脂氧合酶(lipoxygenase,LOX)酶活性起到抑制作用;与对照相比,1-MCP处理推迟了过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)等酶活性高峰的出现,并使POD、CAT、过氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)等保持较高的活性,可以有效延缓菠萝在贮藏期间的衰老进程,在贮藏14 d时,分别比对照高出22.30%、32.35%、36.67%,差异显著(P0.05);1-MCP还可减缓果实可滴定酸、维生素C等含量的下降,有助于保持果实的良好品质。1-MCP处理可抑制菠萝贮藏期的果实衰老进程,有利于保持果实品质,提高贮藏效果。研究结果将为菠萝贮藏保鲜措施提供参考。 相似文献
4.
减压处理对新疆白杏果实软化和细胞壁代谢的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了探讨减压贮藏对新疆白杏的保鲜效果,以新疆白杏果实为试料,研究了0℃贮藏条件下减压处理对白杏果实成熟软化和细胞壁代谢的影响。结果表明:减压处理不仅抑制了白杏果实呼吸作用和乙烯释放量的上升,还抑制了果实多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、果胶甲酯酶(PE)和纤维素酶活性的增加,从而延缓了原果胶和纤维素的降解以及水溶性果胶含量的增加,较好地保持了果实的硬度,延缓果实的软化进程,延长贮藏期。其中,50kPa压力处理效果较好。研究结果为减压贮藏对新疆白杏果实贮藏作用机理的研究提供了依据。 相似文献
5.
热处理对食荚豌豆贮藏品质的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
为探索热处理对食荚豌豆保鲜的效果，实验研究了40℃ 20 min、40℃ 40 min和50℃ 20 min热水处理对食荚豌豆在1℃贮藏期间主要生理和品质变化的影响。结果表明，采用40℃ 20 min和40 min热水处理不仅可有效降低食荚豌豆腐烂的发生，同时还可显著抑制豆荚的呼吸强度和多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性，抑制豆荚丙二醛(MDA)和木质素含量的上升及叶绿素和维生素C含量的下降，从而起到延缓豆荚衰老和品质下降的作用，因而在食荚豌豆保鲜中具较好应用前景。50℃ 20 min热水处理对延缓食荚豌豆衰老和保持品质无明显作用。 相似文献
6.
不同环丙烯类乙烯抑制剂对苹果常温贮藏保鲜效果的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了研究不同支链长度的3种环丙烯类乙烯抑制剂处理对寒富苹果常温贮藏效果的影响,分别采用0.75μL/L1-MCP(1-甲基环丙烯),2μL/L1-PentCP(1-pentylcclopropene,1-戊基环丙烯)和0.5μL/L1-OCP(1-octylcyclopropene,1-辛基环丙烯)在常温条件下,熏蒸处理寒富苹果20h,以不处理为对照,处理后装入厚度0.02mm保鲜袋于常温下贮藏(20℃)。结果表明:1-MCP和1-PentCP处理能较好地抑制寒富苹果贮藏过程中的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量,各处理呼吸高峰时间较对照晚出现了4d,各处理对乙烯释放高峰出现的时间延迟了8d,较好地保持了果实贮藏期间的硬度,延缓了果实固形物含量和丙二醛含量的上升速度。这2个处理还在一定程度上延缓了细胞膜保护酶过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性变化。而1-OCP处理却促进了寒富苹果果实贮藏期间的丙二醛含量的上升,进而导致在贮藏后期出现了一定的伤害作用。研究结果表明,1-MCP和1-PentCP处理可以抑制寒富苹果的生理代谢,保持果实品质和降低膜脂伤害程度,从而延缓寒富苹果采后的成熟衰老进程。 相似文献
7.
以"赫尔"黑莓为材料,研究了不同温度贮藏条件对黑莓果实采后品质及活性氧代谢相关酶活性的影响。果实经预冷处理后,分别置于0、5、10和20℃下贮藏,分析了果实贮藏期间的可溶性固形物(TSS)、可滴定酸(TA)、硬度和腐烂率以及多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)、脂氧合酶(LOX)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)等活性的变化。结果表明,与20、10和0℃相比,5℃贮藏不仅降低了黑莓果实的腐烂率,延缓了TSS和TA含量的下降,而且抑制了果实LOX活性的上升,同时POD、CAT活性维持在较高水平,这有利于果实保持较低的自由基水平,在一定程度上延缓果实衰老进程和延长贮藏期。 相似文献
8.
采用不同浓度CaCl2溶液浸泡黑宝石李采后果实，研究对其果实品质和延缓衰老的影响，达到延长贮藏期的目的。 结果表明：浸钙处理可显著抑制采后贮藏过程中果实可滴定酸含量、硬度和可溶性糖含量的下降，浸钙处理降低了果实可溶性固性物含量；贮藏期间浸钙处理后乙烯释放量显著低于对照，且峰值出现的时间比对照推迟15 d；浸钙处理可保持采后贮藏过程中果实较高的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和较低的丙二醛(MDA)含量，维持细胞内活性氧代谢平衡，显著降低膜脂过氧化作用，从而延缓果实成熟衰老进程，较好的保持了果实品质。4种钙浓度处理中以1％和2％CaCl2溶液浸果效果较好。 相似文献
9.
10.
低温贮藏对控制菠萝黑心病和保持品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了控制黑心病的发生、保持鲜食菠萝的品质,考察了低温贮藏对主栽品种“巴厘”菠萝黑心病和主要品质指标的影响及其相关机理。将菠萝分别贮藏于(8±1)℃和(12±1)℃,以室温（26～30℃）为对照。与常温贮藏相比,在23 d贮藏期内,2种低温贮藏均显著降低了菠萝黑心病的发病程度,减少了菠萝果实的质量损失,提高了菠萝果实的维生素C（Vc）和可滴定酸（TA）含量,延缓菠萝果实的可溶性固形物（TSS）含量的下降。以(8±1)℃贮藏效果较好。低温贮藏还降低了贮藏期间超氧阴离子（O2－）产生速率,抑制菠萝果实中脂氧合酶（LOX）活性的升高和丙二醛（MDA）的积累。这些结果表明,低温贮藏抑制菠萝黑心病、保持果实品质与降低膜脂过氧化程度及延缓衰老有关。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
18.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
19.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献