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1.
【目的】研究截短侧耳素衍生物BC-7013在鸡体内的药物动力学(简称药动学)特征及生物利用度.【方法】6周龄健康白羽肉鸡20只随机分为2组,雌雄各半,分别进行单剂量静脉注射(简称静注,2.5 mg·kg-1)和单剂量口服(15 mg·kg-1)截短侧耳素衍生物BC-7013.以高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)内标法定量测定血浆中衍生物BC-7013的浓度,采用Win Nonlin 5.2药动学软件的非房室模型统计矩原理分析药物浓度-时间数据,并计算其药动学参数.【结果和结论】鸡静注给药后药动学参数为:t1/2β=(1.37±0.14)h,Vd=(1.87±0.25)L·kg-1,AUC(0→∞)=(2.83±0.56)μg·m L-1·h,CL=(1.14±0.28)L·h-1·kg-1;鸡口服给药后药动学参数为:tmax=(1.94±0.26)h,Cmax=(126.18±6.54)ng·m L-1,AUC(0→∞)=(1.38±0.21)μg·m L-1·h,MRT=(9.49±0.57)h,F=(10.37±1.48)%.截短侧耳素衍生物BC-7013在鸡体内的药动学特征表现为:静注给药后分布广,消除快;口服给药后吸收较快但不完全,生物利用度较低.  相似文献   

2.
为了研究盐酸特比萘芬胶囊在比格犬体内的药物动力学(简称药动学)特征及生物利用度,选用健康比格犬8只,进行单剂量(10 mg·kg-1)静脉注射特比萘芬注射液和口服盐酸特比萘芬胶囊,采用双周期随机交叉试验设计,用反相高效液相色谱法测定血药质量浓度,利用Winnolin 5.2.1非房室模型计算各药动学参数.结果表明,静注盐酸特比萘芬主要药动学参数为:AUC0-∞=(5.47±1.03)μg·mL-1·h,Vss=(2.55±0.89)L·kg-1,CL=(1.88±0.33)L·h-1·kg-1,t1/2=(3.02±1.70)h;口服盐酸特比萘芬胶囊主要药动学参数为:tmax=(1.09±0.37)h,Cmax=(0.39±0.04)μg·mL-1,AUC0-∞=(0.67±0.18)μg·mL-1·h,Vd/F=(35.17±6.58)L·kg-1,t1/2=(1.69±0.74)h.比格犬口服盐酸特比萘芬胶囊的绝对生物利用度为(12.54±3.43)%.特比萘芬在比格犬体内吸收迅速,消除快,生物利用度低.  相似文献   

3.
大肠杆菌-败血霉形体(Escherichia Coli.-Mycoplasma gallisepticu,E.coli-MG)疾病模型鸡单剂量(5mg.kg-1)内服和静注司帕沙星,研究其血液动力学特征和内服生物利用度。采用HPLC面积-内标法测定血浆中司帕沙星浓度,利用药动学分析软件MCPKP分析药-时数据。结果表明:疾病模型鸡内服司帕沙星血浆药-时数据符合一级吸收二室开放式模型,主要动力学参数如下:t1/2α1.7208h,t1/2β13.1773h,tm ax0.9083h,Cm ax0.6198μg.mL-1,AUC 3.8161mg.L-1.h-1。静注给药血浆中司帕沙星的经时数据符合无吸收二室开放式模型,主要动力学参数为:t1/2α0.4442h,t1/2β4.7557h,Kel0.5608h-1,Vd4.1204L.Kg-1,AUC 8.3274mg.L-1.h-1,C lB0.6004L.Kg-1.h-1。疾病模型鸡内服司帕沙星的生物利用度为47.03%。  相似文献   

4.
[目的]通过对复方双氯芬酸钠注射液在猪体内的药动学研究,了解其活性组分在猪体内的过程和生物利用度,为制定临床合理给药方案提供依据。[方法]采用随机交叉试验设计,8头健康断奶仔猪分别单剂量静脉和肌内注射复方双氯芬酸钠注射液,注射剂量均为1 mg·kg~(-1)(以双氯芬酸钠计),两阶段洗脱期为2周。采用经验证的高效液相色谱法分别测定血浆中双氯芬酸和对乙酰氨基酚的浓度,实测血药浓度-时间数据采用Win Nonlin5.2版药动学分析软件拟合药动学参数。[结果]单剂量静脉注射复方双氯芬酸钠后,猪体内双氯芬酸主要药动学参数分别为:T1/2β=(1.36±0.35)h,Tmax=(0.08±0.00)h,Cmax=(7.52±0.16)μg·m L-1,MRT=(1.30±0.28)h,CLB=(0.12±0.02)L·h-1·kg~(-1),Vd=(0.24±0.03)L·kg~(-1),AUC=(8.08±1.35)h·μg·m L-1;对乙酰氨基酚主要药动学参数分别为:T1/2β=(1.71±0.33)h,Tmax=(0.08±0.00)h,Cmax=(7.70±0.91)μg·m L-1,MRT=(1.62±0.24)h,CLB=(0.54±0.14)L·h-1·kg~(-1),Vd=(1.33±0.47)L·kg~(-1),AUC=(11.35±2.40)h·μg·m L-1。猪单剂量肌内注射复方双氯芬酸钠注射液后,猪体内双氯芬酸主要药动学参数分别为:T1/2β=(1.55±0.31)h,Tmax=(0.50±0.13)h,Cmax=(3.99±0.18)μg·m L-1,MRT=(1.98±0.19)h,AUC=(9.16±1.36)h·μg·m L-1,F=113.6%;对乙酰氨基酚主要药动学参数分别为:T1/2β=(1.93±0.21)h,Tmax=(0.63±0.13)h,Cmax=(5.61±0.42)μg·m L-1,MRT=(2.36±0.29)h,AUC=(14.10±2.12)h·μg·m L-1,F绝对=124.3%。结果表明:双氯芬酸和对乙酰氨基酚在猪体内均能迅速消除,但双氯芬酸在猪体内分布较差,对乙酰氨基酚则广泛分布;肌内注射给药后,双氯芬酸和对乙酰氨基酚自注射部位吸收均迅速且完全。[结论]复方双氯芬酸钠注射液无论静注还是肌内注射给药,两种活性成分在猪体内具有相似的药动学特征。  相似文献   

5.
8头健康猪按体质量单次深部肌内注射盐酸林可霉素-硫酸大观霉素(5 mg.kg-1林可霉素,10 mg·kg-1大观霉素)混悬注射液后,用高效液相色谱法分别测定林可霉素和大观霉素的血药浓度,使用非房室统计矩分析方法处理得到血药浓度-时间数据.林可霉素主要药动学参数分别为:ke=(0.21±0.01)h-1;t1/2β=(3.38±0.09)h;tmax=(0.29±0.02)h;Cmax=(5.15±0.18)μg·mL-1;AUC0～LOQ=(10.27±0.38)μg·mL-1.h;MRT=(3.52±0.11)h;ClB/F=(0.46±0.01)L·h-1·kg-1;VZ/F=(2.26±0.12)L·kg-1.大观霉素主要药动学参数分别为:ke=(0.43±0.01)h-1;t1/2β=(1.64±0.06)h;tmax=(0.44±0.03)h;Cmax=(20.05±0.70)μg·mL-1;AUC0～LOQ=(51.82±0.98)μg·mL-1·h;MRT=(2.39±0.04)h;ClB/F=(0.19±0.01)L·h-1·kg-1;VZ/F=(0.46±0.02)L·kg-1.结果表明,肌内注射盐酸林可霉素-硫酸大观霉素混悬注射液后,两药均迅速吸收并快速消除,但后者吸收稍慢,消除较快.  相似文献   

6.
氟苯尼考颗粒与氟苯尼考粉在猪体内的药物动力学比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
健康猪14头随机分为A、B2组,分别单剂量胃管灌服氟苯尼考粉和颗粒,按体质量给药剂量均为30 mg/kg,进行比较药动学研究.高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定其血药浓度.采用药动学分析软件WinNonlin 5.2.1的非房室模型处理血药浓度-时间数据.氟苯尼考粉灌胃给药的主要药物动力学参数为:t1/2β=(10.22±0.18)h,ke=(0.07±0.01)h-1,tmax=(1.67±0.48)h,Cmax=(24.68±1.13)μg·mL-1,AUC=(190.97±16.60)μg·mL-1·h,MRT=(8.33±0.42)h,tcp=(17.66±1.52)h.氟苯尼考颗粒灌胃给药的主要药物动力学参数为:t1/2β=(16.36±4.14)h,ke=(0.05±0.01)h-1,tmax=(5.71±0.47)h,Cmax=(12.23±0.78)μg·mL-1,AUC=(155.44±6.59)μg·mL-1·h,MRT=(14.96±0.35)h,tcp=(23.03±0.49)h.试验结果表明,与氟苯尼考粉相比,氟苯尼考颗粒的消除半衰期更长,有效血药浓度维持时间也较长.  相似文献   

7.
头孢噻呋在雏鸭体内的血液动力学及生物利用度研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)外标法,测定雏鸭血浆中头孢噻呋的代谢产物脱氧呋喃甲酰头孢噻呋(DFC)的浓度,运用药动学分析软件3P97分析药-时数据,研究经内服、静脉注射和肌肉注射头孢噻呋后,药物在雏鸭体内的血液动力学特征.结果表明:静脉注射给药,血浆药物浓度-时间数据符合无吸收因素一室开放式模型,主要动力学参数为t1/22.23h,Co27.29μg·mL-1,k0.30h-1,Vc0.07L·kg-1,AUC100.07mg·L-1·h-1.内服给药,血浆药物浓度-时间数据符合二室开放式模型,主要动力学参数为t1/2.1.64h,t1/2β26.85h,tmax1.09h,Cmax9.08μg·mL-1,AUC89.60mg·L-1·h-1,生物利用度(F)为89.54%.肌肉注射给药,血浆药物浓度-时间数据符合二室开放式模型,主要动力学参数为t1/2α2.28h,t1/2β14.84h,tmax0.28h,Cmax15.23μg·mL-1,AUC为99.32mg·L-1·h-1,F为99.25%.上述结果表明,头孢噻呋经口服和肌肉注射给药,在雏鸭体内的药动学特征优良,其吸收迅速,半衰期较长,生物利用度高.  相似文献   

8.
实验性感染大肠杆菌—败血霉形体病鸡,单剂量(5 mg.kg-1)内服司帕沙星,研究其组织动力学和残留情况。采用HPLC面积-内标法测定各组织中司帕沙星浓度,利用药动学分析软件MCPKP分析药-时数据。疾病模型鸡肝脏、肺脏和心脏中的药—时数据符合一级吸收三项指数方程,主要动力学参数为:t1/2α0.3505,0.8381,0.6005 h;t1/2β11.7802,13.8479,2.4578 h;tmax 1.0653,1.1397,0.7546 h;Cmax 3.3591,2.2951,1.7226μg.mL-1;AUC24.4230,30.663,5.3780 mg.L-1.h-1,Tcp(ther)81.0240,108.52,18.410 h。肾脏和肌肉组织中药-时数据符合一级吸收二项指数方程,主要动力学参数为:t1/2K 2.2287,7.5072 h;tmax1.4655,1.8644 h;Cmax1.9926,1.1317μg.mL-1;AUC9.8536,14.5240 mg.L-1.h-1;Tcp(ther)19.923,58.156 h。各组织中药物浓度降至0.001 mg.kg-1时需休药7 d。  相似文献   

9.
健康鸡12羽,翼下快速静脉注射CYP450探针药物安替比林(AP)20 mg/kg 1次,用RP-HPLC法测定血浆中AP浓度,进行消除动力学研究.结果表明:本试验所建立的RP-HPLC检测方法简便、快速、灵敏、准确、可靠.AP静注后药-时数据符合二室开放模型,主要药动学参数为:T1/2α=(8.84±0.88) min,T1/2β=(29.35±6.57) min,AUC=(503.25±92.34) μg/(mL·min),CL=(0.041±0.01) L/(kg·min).AP静注后在鸡体内分布和消除均较快,所得药动学参数可为探针药物法评价鸡CYP450活性提供基础依据.  相似文献   

10.
健康猪7头,按拉丁方设计进行单剂量静注多西环素普通注射液、肌注10%和20%多西环素注射液的药动学试验,给药剂量根椐体质量以多西环素计均为20 mg/kg.以高效液相色谱法测定血药浓度,血药浓度-时间数据用WinNonlin计算机程序分析处理.猪静注多西环素注射液的主要药物动力学参数:药时曲线下面积(AUC)为(141.76±20.38)mg.h.L-1,体清除率(Cl)为(0.14±0.02)L.kg-1.h-1,表观分布容积(Vss)为(1.36±0.17)L.kg-1,消除半衰期(t1/2β)为(9.44±2.60)h;肌注10%和20%多西环素注射液的主要药物动力学参数分别为:AUC为(75.74±21.22)和(90.86±12.11)mg.h.L-1,达峰时间(tmax)为(1.05±0.24)和(1.30±0.30)h,峰浓度(Cmax)为(2.55±0.65)和(2.28±0.26)μg.mL-1,t1/2β为(32.74±8.66)和(58.36±7.33)h,生物利用度(F)为(52.42±8.97)%和(64.49±6.22)%.结果表明10%和20%多西环素注射液肌注后吸收较快,消除缓慢,消除半衰期延长,给药后72 h仍能达到对常见病原菌的有效血药浓度.  相似文献   

11.
为了给兽医临床合理用药提供依据,分析恩诺沙星微囊(Enrofloxacin Microcapsules,EM)和恩诺沙星原粉(Enrofloxacin,ENR)在猪体内的药物代谢动力学过程。猪单剂量分别灌服EM和ENR30mg.kg-1,72h内16次前腔静脉采血,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定猪血浆中ENR的质量浓度。结果表明,6头猪灌服EM和ENR后,其药动学配置均符合有吸收因素二室药代动力学模型。最佳药时曲线方程为ρ(EM)=11.326 3e-0.353 8t+5.420 6e-0.066 1t-16.746 9e-0.979 8t和ρ(ENR)=11.251 1e-0.934 7t+5.330 1e-0.079 9t-16.581 2e-2.965 7t。恩诺沙星微囊在猪体内的吸收相半衰期(t1/2ka)为(0.769 5±0.250 9)h,分布相半衰期(t1/2a)为(2.160 3±0.704 1)h,消除相半衰期(t1/2β)为(10.522 4±0.719 5)h,药时曲线下面积(AUC)为(92.924 3±5.308 4)mg.L-1.h。说明恩诺沙星微囊在猪体内吸收迅速,消除相对较慢。  相似文献   

12.
用健康家兔经口服给药(剂量为30 mg/kg),研究甲砜霉素及HP-β-CD甲砜霉素的药动学规律.以RP-HPLC法测定血浆中甲砜霉素的浓度,药物浓度-时间数据用3P97药动学程序软件处理.家兔单剂量口服给药甲砜霉素和HP-β-CD甲砜霉素血药浓度-时间数据均符合一级吸收一室开放模型.甲砜霉素主要动力学参数为:Lagtime(0.05±0.02)h,t1/2ka(0.83±0.02)h,t1/2ke(2.27±0.31)h,T(peak)(1.84±0.12)h,C(max)(6.98±0.95)mg/L,AUC(34.98+0.68)mg/(L·h),F(110.74±0.02)%. HP-β-CD甲砜霉素主要动力学参数为:Lagtime(0.02±0.01)h,t1/2ka(0.91±0.16)h,t1/2ke(0.86 ±0.15)h,T(peak)(0.96±0.07)h,C(max)(8.59±0.55)mg/L,AUC(43.02±0.87)mg/(L·h),F(142.07±0.02)%.HP-β-CD甲砜霉素在家兔体内的药动学特征表现为分布广泛,消除迅速;口服给药吸收迅速且完全,生物利用度高.  相似文献   

13.
Pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine （FM） was investigated in 14 healthy pigs following single intravenous （i.v.） and intramuscular （i.m.） administration of the drug at the dosage of 2.2 and 1.1 mg kg-1. Blood samples were collected at different intervals after administration, and concentrations of FM were determined by HPLC method with a limit of detection of 0.1μg mL-1. The FM concentration-time data were fitted to a two-compartment open model after single i.v. dosing in pigs. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows： tl/2a, 0.49 ± 0.03 and 0.58±0.07 h; tl/2β, 6.28±0.13 and 7.37 ±0.59 h; V/F, 0.01 ±0.001 and 0.01 ±0.002 L kg-1; CL, 0.01 ± 0.002 and 0.01 ± 0.002 L h-l; AUC, 237.73 ± 52.46 and 147.71 ± 36.76μg h-1 mL-1. The drug concentration-time data were fitted to a two-compartment model with first-order absorption after single i.m. administration in pigs. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows： t1/2α, 0.90± 0.07 and 0.86±0.10 h; t1/2β, 8.79±0.85 and 9.60±0.10 h; V/F, 0.02±0.004 and 0.02±0.003 L kg-1; CL, 0.01±0.002 and 0.01 ±0.003 L h-l; AUC, 174.63 ± 45.84 and 112.42 ± 31.19 pg h-1 mL 1. The results of the present study showed that FM was rapidly absorbed, extensively distributed, and slowly eliminated in pigs. The drug was completely absorbed after single i.m. administration and a good bioavailability in pigs.  相似文献   

14.
 【目的】 研究并比较泰妙菌素混悬注射液和泰妙菌素注射液在猪体内的药物代谢动力学特征及生物利用度。【方法】 7头健康猪,按随机拉丁方设计,进行单次给药剂量(10 mg•kg-1 b.w)静注、肌注泰妙菌素注射液和肌注泰妙菌素注射混悬液,高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定猪血浆中泰妙菌素的浓度,罗红霉素作为内标,3P97药动学计算软件处理血浆药物浓度－时间数据。【结果】 猪静注给药的药时数据符合无吸收三室开放模型,主要药动学参数为：t1/2β为2.04±0.23 h,t1/2α为0.39±0.06 h,t1/2π为0.12±0.04 h,Vd 为8.73±1.83 L•kg-1,AUC为3.78±0.52μg•mL-1•h-1,ClB为2.99±0.43 L•kg-1•h-1)。猪肌注泰妙菌素注射液的药时数据符合一级吸收二室开放模型,主要的药物动力学参数分别为：t1/2Ka(0.06±0.01)h,t1/2β(3.67±0.41)h,Tmax(0.18±0.03)h,Cmax(1.32±0.25)μg•mL-1,AUC(2.62±0.21)μg•mL-1•h-1,生物利用度为73.51%。猪肌注泰妙菌素混悬液的药时数据则符合一级吸收一室开放模型,主要的药物动力学参数为：t1/2Ka(0.04±0.01)h,t1/2Ke(2.90±0.43)h,Tmax(0.27±0.03)h,Cmax(0.7±0.11)μg•mL-1,AUC(2.80±0.35)μg•mL-1•h-1,生物利用度为75.73%。t检验比较肌注泰妙菌素注射液和泰妙菌素注射混悬液的主要药动学参数,结果表明,两者除达峰浓度Cmax有显著差异外,AUC、t1/2Ka、Tmax、t1/2Ke和生物利用度均无显著性差异。【结论】泰妙菌素注射混悬液肌注后在猪体内具有吸收迅速,体内分布广,达峰迅速,消除较快的药动学特征。  相似文献   

15.
氟苯尼考单剂量腹腔注射和灌服后在鲫体内的药代动力学   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
将健康鲫150尾随机分成两组,按30mg.kg-1剂量分别单次腹腔注射和灌服氟苯尼考,用高效液相色谱法研究其在鲫体内的药代动力学特征,数据用3p97药代动力学软件分析。结果表明,腹腔液射和灌服两种给药方式的血药经时过程均符合一级吸收一室开放模型。腹腔注射和灌服给药的动力学方程分别为ρ=3.465 5(e-0.51t-e-14.88t)和ρ=7.669 9(e-0.04t-e-0.12t)。药时曲线下面积(AUC)分别为(3.905±0.056)和(1.803±0.133)mg.L-1.h;分布速率半衰期(t1/2Ka)分别为(0.047±0.001)和(5.962±0.021)h,消除速率半衰期(t1/2Ke)分别为(1.367±0.025)和(16.763±0.017)h,体清除率(CLB)分别为(0.102±0.001)和(0.018±0.017)L.kg-1.h-1,最高血药质量浓度(ρmax)分别为(25.289±2.664)和(42.137±3.887)mg.L-1。  相似文献   

16.
The pharmacokinetics of milbemycin oxime was investigated in dogs following oral(per os, PO) and intravenous(IV) administration. Three groups of dogs received milbemycin oxime tablets as a single PO dose equal to 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg · kg-1 of milbemycin oxime, respectively, another group received a single IV dose of 0.5 mg · kg-1. Blood samples were collected at predetermined times after drug administration and the milbemycin oxime concentrations in plasma were determined by LC-MS/MS. The drug protein binding in dog plasma in vitro was determined by equilibrium dialysis at concentrations spanning the range of values observed in vivo in dog plasma. After PO administration at doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg · kg-1, milbemycin oxime was slowly absorbed and eliminated, the time to reach the maximum plasma concentration(Tmax) was 4.14±0.20, 4.27±0.14 and 4.06±0.13 h, the mean absorption time(MAT) was 19.06, 13.67 and 11.77 h, the terminal rate half-life(t1/2λz) was 15.06±0.37, 11.09±0.54 and 9.76±0.89 h and the total body clearance(Cl) was 1.15±0.05, 1.18±0.03 and 1.17±0.07 m L · min-1 · kg-1, respectively. The maximum plasma concentration(Cmax, 36.50±1.40, 76.11±2.77 and 182.05±7.20 ng · m L-1, respectively) and the area under the first-moment curve(AUC-10→∞, 985.83±49.46, 1 663.12±51.42 and 3 558.04±197.88 mg · h · L, respectively) increased accordingly to the administered dose rates; the oral bioavailabilities were estimated to be 88.61%, 74.75% and 79.96%, respectively. The values of fu were 0.12%, 0.14% and 0.13% in dog plasma, respectively. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics of milbemycin oxime in dogs following oral administration revealed its higher oral bioavailability and advantageous pharmacokinetic properties, such as its lower total body clearance and longer elimination half-life, and indicated that the single oral dose of 0.50 mg · kg-1 of milbemycin oxime which was recommended in all the parasitological efficacy studies allowed an adequate concentration of the drug.  相似文献   

17.
A RP-HPLC method was used for the determination of eprinomectin concentration in sheepplasma following i.v. and s.c. administration at a single dose of 0. 2 mg kg-1. Eprinomectin in plasma within2.5 - 200 ng mi-1 ranges had a good linear relationship(R=0. 9968). The average recovery of the method was99.65±3.84%. The RSD% of within-day and between-day assays were less than 10 and 12%, respectively.The extract of plasma samples were loaded onto a C18 catridge. After solvent exchange, the methanol eluatewas derivatized via the addition of 1-methylimidazole and trifluoroacetic anhydride in acetonitrile. The fluo-rescent derivative was analyzed. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows, for i.v. administra-tion: T1/2β =12. 66± 2. 05 h, AUC0-t = 1.02 ± 0.3 mg h L-1 , fc =0. 13+0.05; for s.c. administration:T1/2sa = 4.42 ±l. 04 h, Cmax =0. 02±0.01 μg mi-1 , Tmax = 15.36 ± 2.91 h, t1/2K=26. 22±9.04 h, AUC0-t= 1.19±0.37 mg h L-1. The results showed that eprinomectin was distributed widely and taken long time toeliminate in sheep after i. v. adminstration. When given subcutaneously, eprinomectin had better absorptionand longer residue time in sheep. Eprinomectin was eliminated much slowly after s. c. adminstration comparedwith i.v. administration.  相似文献   

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