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采用电感耦合等等子体发射光谱仪对花鳗、欧鳗和日本鳗肌肉无机元素组成进行了测定。结果表明:花鳗肌肉中Ca含量最高,P含量次之。欧鳗和日本鳗肌肉中P含量最高,Ca含量次之。三种鳗鲡肌肉中Na、Mg、K含量相近且高低顺序相同,花鳗肌肉中常量元素和Zn、Fe、Mn的含量均高于欧鳗和日本鳗。三种鳗鲡肌肉中均含人体不可缺少的微量元素Zn。据此可认为花鳗营养价值最高。 相似文献
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Effects of conventional and organic feed on the mineral composition of cultured European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) 
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下载免费PDF全文 F. Siano S. Bilotto M. Nazzaro G.L. Russo M. Di Stasio M.G. Volpe 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(4):796-804
European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is a widely consumed marine fish in Mediterranean areas, and different farming techniques are applied for fish culturing to satisfy the growing demand for seafood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of conventional and organic feed on the quality of cultured European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) collected during the growth period. The concentrations of ash, moisture, essential macro‐elements (Ca, K, Mg, Na and P), micro‐elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) and toxic elements (As, Cd, and Pb) were determined in feeds and in fillets of cultured fish. The results were compared to those obtained from wild sea bass. Results showed that the differences between organic diet‐fed and conventional diet‐fed sea basses varied in relation to the specific element measured and the growth period. The former showed higher concentration of Fe, Mg and Cr, and lower Na content. The amount of P, Na, Fe, Cu and Cr in wild sea bass was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than that found in farmed fish. The levels of toxic elements in cultured sea bass were always within the allowed limit for fishery products. Wild samples had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher content of arsenic and lead than farmed sea bass. Cultured fish represent a valuable dietary source of essential macro‐ and micro‐elements. Controlled rearing systems and feedings were related to a decrease in the presence of some toxic metals in cultured fish compared with wild fish. 相似文献
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为了探究鱼类不同组织中矿物元素的含量，实验以养殖黄颡鱼为对象，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了黄颡鱼18个组织(心脏、肝脏、脑、脾脏、肾脏、肌肉、脂肪、前肠、中后肠、眼睛、鳃、尾鳍、鱼鳔、骨骼、胃、皮肤、血液、全鱼)中7种矿物元素(Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn和Se)的含量与分布。结果显示，Ca在骨骼、鳃、尾鳍和肌肉中占比较高，在尾鳍和骨骼中含量最高，在脂肪组织中含量最低；Mg在骨骼和肌肉中占比较高，在骨骼和尾鳍中含量最高，在眼睛中含量最低；Zn在骨骼、肌肉、皮肤和眼睛中占比较高，在眼睛中含量最高，在脂肪组织中含量最低；Fe在骨骼、血液和肌肉中占比较高，在血液中含量最高，在脂肪组织中含量最低；Cu在骨骼、肌肉和肝脏中占比较高，在肾脏和肝脏中含量较高，而在脂肪和眼睛中含量最低；Mn在骨骼和肌肉中占比较高，在骨骼和尾鳍中含量较高，在眼睛和脂肪中含量较低；Se在肌肉、骨骼、皮肤和肝脏中占比较高，在脾脏、肝脏、肾脏和前肠中含量较高，在肌肉和脂肪中含量较低。研究表明，黄颡鱼体内含有丰富的矿物元素(Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn、Se)，而且在不同组织中具有不同的分布特征。研究采用ICP... 相似文献
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Mineral Requirements of Penaeus vannamei: A Preliminary Examination of the Dietary Essentiality for Thirteen Minerals 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
D. Allen Davis Addison L. Lawrence Delbert M. Gatlin III 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1992,23(1):8-14
Diets containing a complete mineral premix or mineral premixes from which Ca, P, Na, CI, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, I, Se, or Cr were individually deleted were fed to juvenile Penaeus vunnamei (mean initial weight 79.5 mg) over a 4-week experimental period. Final mean percent weight gain ranged from 1,472 (Cu-free mineral premix) to 1,991% (Na-free mineral premix) with an average of 1,812% for all treatments. Survival during the first two week period and the second two week period was greater than 92% and 88%, respectively. There were no significant differences observed among treatments for growth and survival data.
Upon termination of the growth trial, the hepatopancreas and carapace were dissected from the shrimp and evaluated for ash, Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu content. Of the minerals analyzed, the individual deletion of Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu from the mineral supplement resulted in reduced tissue mineralization in P. vannamei whereas, the deletion of Ca and P from the mineral mix did not produce significant responses. Deletion of Se from the mineral premix resulted in a significant increase in the ash content of the carapace. Based on the information provided by this and other studies, further investigation of the dietary requirements of P. vannamei for Ca, P, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu and Se is recommended. 相似文献
Upon termination of the growth trial, the hepatopancreas and carapace were dissected from the shrimp and evaluated for ash, Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu content. Of the minerals analyzed, the individual deletion of Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu from the mineral supplement resulted in reduced tissue mineralization in P. vannamei whereas, the deletion of Ca and P from the mineral mix did not produce significant responses. Deletion of Se from the mineral premix resulted in a significant increase in the ash content of the carapace. Based on the information provided by this and other studies, further investigation of the dietary requirements of P. vannamei for Ca, P, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu and Se is recommended. 相似文献
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对云纹石斑鱼、鞍带石斑鱼及杂交"云龙斑"肌肉营养成分进行分析和品质评价,为其种质营养学鉴定及配合饲料的研制提供基础数据资料。采用常规方法,依据国家标准,对3种石斑鱼肌肉中的水分、蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分含量以及氨基酸、脂肪酸和10种矿物元素的组成与含量进行了测定和评价。云纹石斑鱼、鞍带石斑鱼及杂交"云龙斑"石斑鱼肌肉中粗蛋白含量分别为19.6%、18.4%和19.4%;3种石斑鱼氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸指数、鲜味氨基酸总量分别为(15.54%、14.72%、15.99%)、(6.86%、6.41%、7.04%)、(75.19、74.93、77.96)和(5.57%、5.3%、5.73%)。3种石斑鱼肌肉中粗脂肪含量分别为4.2%、10.1%和4.5%,脂肪酸种类丰富,并且含有大量的多不饱和脂肪酸,其比例符合理想脂肪酸的标准。3种石斑鱼肌肉中矿物元素种类丰富,5种常量元素K、Ca、Na、Mg、P和5种微量元素Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Se均有检出,其中杂交"云龙斑"的Na、K、Cu含量略高,另外几种矿物元素含量居于父母本之间。研究表明,云纹石斑鱼、鞍带石斑鱼及杂交"云龙斑"氨基酸种类齐全、比例适宜,人体必需氨基酸含量较高,是优质的蛋白源,同时含有大量的不饱和脂肪酸,且矿物元素种类齐全,是具有较高食用价值的优良海水养殖品种。其中杂交"云龙斑"在一些营养指标中明显高于其父母本,显现出一定的杂交优势。 相似文献
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The concentrations of 14 mineral elements (Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb), together with pH, moisture, ash and NaCl content, were determined in 38 feeds commonly available in Europe for trout (starter, fingerling, grower, brood), salmon (starter, fingerling, grower), eel (grower), and larval fishes.Large differences in the mineral composition, particularly the trace elements Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Co and Pb, exist within and between the different feed categories tested. The results obtained are discussed in the context of available information on the dietary mineral requirements of these fish species. 相似文献
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Evaluating dietary supply of microminerals as a premix in a complete plant ingredient‐based diet to juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 P. Antony Jesu Prabhu J.W. Schrama S. Fontagné‐Dicharry C. Mariojouls A. Surget M. Bueno I. Geurden S.J. Kaushik 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2018,24(1):539-547
Two basal diets M0 and V0 were formulated with marine and plant based ingredient composition. Seven experimental diets were prepared from the two basal diets namely M0, M100, V0, V30, V60, V100 and V150 by incorporating different levels of a micromineral premix (Cu, Fe, Mn, Se and Zn). Triplicate groups of rainbow trout (initial weight: 20 g) reared at 17°C were fed one of each diet to apparent visual satiation over 12 weeks. Among the V diet fed fish, growth and feed intake exhibited maximal response at V60 level of premix inclusion; Apparent availability coefficient of Fe, Cu and Zn decreased linearly with increasing level of premix whereas apparent availability coefficient of Mn and Se was unaffected. The available dietary concentration in basal V0 diet was for Fe, 20.6; Cu, 2.8; Mn, 6.5; Zn, 17.3 and Se, 0.195 (in mg/kg DM) and in the M0 diet for Fe, 63.3; Cu, 5.2; Mn, 2.9; Zn, 35.2 and Se, 0.87 (in mg/kg DM). In reference to NRC (Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp. Washington, DC: National Research Council, The National Academies Press, 2011) recommendations, the V0 basal diet accounted for 34.3%, 92.9%, 53.9%, 115% and 130.2% and the contribution from M0 diet for 105.5%, 173.3%, 24.2%, 234.7% and 580% of the minimal dietary inclusion levels of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Se to rainbow trout, respectively. However, data on whole body mineral contents showed that normal levels were maintained only for Cu and Mn through supply from basal V0 diet. For Zn and Se, available supply even from the highest supplemented diet (V150) was not sufficient to maintain normal body mineral levels of rainbow trout in the present study. On the whole, optimal dietary inclusion levels of microminerals are altered while using fishmeal‐free diets for rainbow trout. 相似文献
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Bruno da Silva Pierri Allan David Silva Douglas Ismael Cadorin Tamiris Henrique Ferreira Jos Luiz Pedreira Mourio Keith Filer James E. Pettigrew Dbora Machado Fracalossi 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2021,27(1):176-186
Thirty groups of twenty juveniles each of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, initial average weight 23.93 ± 0.80 g) were fed diets containing increasing amounts (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of levels used by the tilapia feed industry) of organic trace mineral (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Se) supplementation for 56 days. Growth was not affected by the dose of mineral supplementation. However, body protein increased in fish fed intermediate doses of organic minerals, reaching a maximum at 40.44% supplementation. Doses >50% showed mild damage to the intestinal tissue. Body Fe, Zn and Cu deposition were highest at 28.32%, 24.43% and 78.45% supplementation, respectively. Tilapia could modulate intestinal morphology when fed different doses of organic minerals. As the supplementation doses increased, hemosiderin staining increased in the distal intestine and total body Fe content, indicating that the distal region of the intestine plays an important role in iron excretion by tilapia. Supplementation of organic trace minerals at intermediate doses does not harm Nile tilapia growth, but excessive trace mineral supplementation can impair body protein retention and promote histological alterations in the gut. 相似文献
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对皱纹盘鲍 (HaliotisdiscushannaiIno) 2种壳色个体———红壳个体和绿壳个体的一般营养成分、矿物元素以及脂肪酸的组成和含量进行比较研究。结果表明 ,两者对应组织 (足肌、内脏、生殖腺 )中水分、蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分的含量基本无差异 ;内脏灰分颜色均为红褐色 ,但足肌灰分颜色明显不同 ,绿壳个体呈灰白色而红壳个体则呈浅砖红色。矿物元素的分析结果进一步显示 ,足肌中除了Ca之外 ,所测元素的含量均以红壳个体为高 ,其中Fe、Cu、Mn的含量为绿壳个体的2～ 3倍 ;红壳个体贝壳中Mn的含量亦较高 ,约为绿壳个体的 2倍。两者上述对应组织的脂肪酸种类相同 ,含量基本一致。此外 ,粗脂肪、无机元素含量以及脂肪酸的组成和含量在不同组织之间存在较明显的差别 相似文献
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Kamil Mert Eryal&#x;n David Domínguez Javier Roo Carmen María Hernandez‐Cruz María Jesús Zamorano Pedro Castro Kristin Hamre Marisol Izquierdo 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(5):1760-1770
In previous studies, combined inclusion of Zn, Mn and Se in early weaning diets improved larval growth, but suggested a potential toxicity by one of these elements. The present study aimed to determine the effect of the single inclusion of Zn, Mn, Se or Cu, their combination (Control+) or their absence (Control?) on larval diets. At the end of the trial, survival was significantly (p < .05) lowest in fish fed C+ diet (17.16 ± 7% mean ± SD), followed by that of larvae fed Mn diet (21.91 ± 7%). The highest survival was obtained by Cu diet (35.27 ± 15%), followed by C? diet (34.58 ± 9%). Cu and Se supplementation significantly improved total length and body weight, in comparison with the C? fish. On the contrary, fish fed Mn and C+ showed the lowest growth. Supplementation with Zn or Cu significantly increased CuZnsod, whereas gpx was significantly upregulated in fish fed Se and C+ diets. ARA/EPA level was significantly highest and DHA/EPA lowest in larvae fed the Cu diet in fish fed C+ diet. The results pointed out the importance of supplementation with Cu, as well as Se and Zn, on early weaning diets for gilthead sea bream, and the potential toxic effect of Mn. 相似文献
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Selection of marine species and meals for cephalopod feeding based on their essential mineral composition 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 J. Cerezo Valverde A. Tomás Vidal S. Martínez‐Llorens M.C. Pascual J.I. Gairín J. Estefanell D. Garrido J.F. Carrasco F. Aguado‐Giménez B. García García 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2015,21(5):726-739
A quantitative analysis of the essential mineral content (mg kg?1 dry weight) was carried out in 31 samples, including molluscs, crustaceans, fish and meals in an attempt to identify those most suitable for formulating cephalopod diets. The mineral ratios (MR: content in the test sample/content in whole Octopus vulgaris) were used as index of nutritional quality. Both crustaceans and oysters presented an optimal profile that covered the macro‐ and microelements composition of O. vulgaris. These samples differed from the rest by their higher Ca, Mg, B, Cu and Zn contents based on a principal component analysis. Fish were deficient in macroelements, such as Na (MR: 70–420 g kg?1) and Mg (MR: 220–690 g kg?1), but would be good source of K, Ca and P. Most fish were also deficient in Fe, Zn and Cu, although the copper content would be the most affected (MR: 3–130 g kg?1). Fish and krill meals showed a high content of Ca and P, although both would be deficient in Na (MR: 440–470 g kg?1) and Cu (130–540 g kg?1), along with K, Fe and Zn in krill and Mg and B in fish. Among the plant meals, sunflower and soybean were the most appropriate, presenting higher total content of minerals and MRs above 1000 g kg?1 for all minerals, except Na, Cu and Zn. 相似文献
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为评估不同壳色长牡蛎金属元素价值,实采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)和近红外(NIR)分析模型对5种壳色(壳黑、壳紫、壳橙、壳金和壳白)长牡蛎4个组织(外套膜、鳃、闭壳肌和性腺—内脏团)中的Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn和Se元素含量进行检测分析,并比较与对照群体金属元素含量的差异以及5种壳色长牡蛎各组织间含量的差异。结果发现,在外套膜中,壳紫、壳橙和壳黑长牡蛎中Zn含量显著高于对照群体,壳紫长牡蛎Cu含量显著高于壳金和对照群体,壳金长牡蛎Mn含量显著高于壳紫和壳黑长牡蛎,其他元素在各群体中含量无显著差异;在鳃中,壳金长牡蛎Mn含量显著高于壳黑和对照群体,其他组份在6个群体无显著性差异;在闭壳肌中,壳橙和壳紫长牡蛎Zn的含量显著高于对照群体,其他组份在各群体中差异不显著;在性腺—内脏团中,壳橙长牡蛎Zn和Mn含量均显著高于对照群体,且Cu的含量显著高于壳金长牡蛎,其他元素在6个群体中含量无显著性差异。4个组织中各金属元素含量差异显著,其中闭壳肌内各金属元素含量显著低于鳃、外套膜和性腺—内脏团。研究表明,不同壳色长牡蛎之间以及不同壳色与对照群体之间在部分金属元素含量上已表现出分化,这为长牡蛎壳色新品系选育提供了重要的基础资料。 相似文献
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Dietary manganese requirement of juvenile hybrid grouper,Epinephelus lanceolatus × E. fuscoguttatus 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to estimate the optimum dietary manganese (Mn) requirement for juvenile hybrid grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus × E. fuscoguttatus. The basal diet was formulated to contain 520 g/kg crude protein from casein and fishmeal. Manganese methionine was added to the basal diet at 0 (control group), 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg Mn/kg diet providing 7.48, 10.34, 13.76, 19.72, 31.00 and 53.91 mg Mn/kg diet, respectively. Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of juveniles, and each tank was stocked with 20 fish (initial weight, 60.06 ± 0.68 g). The manganese content in rearing water was monitored and kept below 0.01 mg/L. Results showed that the weight gain ratio (WGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), specific growth rate (SGR), Mn contents in whole body, liver and vertebra, and activities of hepatic Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn‐SOD), total SOD (T‐SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX) were significantly improved by dietary Mn supplementation (p < .05). However, dietary Mn did not affect arginase (DArg) activity. The highest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in fish fed the basal diet (p < .05). No significant differences were found on the Cu and Zn contents in whole body by supplementing dietary Mn. Supplemented Mn in diets had significantly effect on liver and vertebral trace element deposition (p < .05). Fish fed the basal diet had the highest Fe and Zn contents in vertebra (p < .05). There were no significant differences on hepatic pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) activity with supplemented Mn levels below 13.76 mg/kg. As biomarker of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA) content in liver was significantly higher in fish fed the basal diet (p < .05). Using the broken‐line models based on SGR, dietary Mn requirement of the juvenile hybrid grouper was estimated to be 12.70 mg/kg diet. 相似文献
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Differential tissue accumulation of arsenic and heavy metals from diets in three edible fish species
Three different commercial fish species Odontesthes bonariensis, Rhamdia quelen and Oreochromis niloticus and fish feed were collected from four aquaculture farms. Heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) and arsenic concentration were determined by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) in muscle, liver, gonad, skin, scale and fat from fish and in feed diets. Arsenic concentration was found in different tissues differing between species and within O. bonariensis. Cd was differentially accumulated in liver in O. bonariensis and R. quelen; however, in O. niloticus Cd was found in muscle and scales. Higher concentrations of Cr were determined in skin and scales of O. bonariensis and O. niloticus. Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were found in all tissues being Cu and Fe concentrations higher in liver. Mn was differentially accumulated in O. bonariensis scales, however in R. quelen no significant differences were found and in O. niloticus liver was the main accumulation tissue. Zn concentration was higher in gonad, skin and liver from R. quelen and O. bonariensis, and in O. niloticus the highest concentration was found in scales. All the results were below the international limits for food safety except for the concentration of Cd in muscle and scales of O. niloticus. 相似文献
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Afandi Imane Talba Sophia Benhra Ali Benbrahim Samir Chfiri Rachid Labonne Maylis Masski Hicham Laë Raymond Tito De Morais Luis Bekkali Mohammed Bouthir Fatima Zohra 《International Aquatic Research》2018,10(2):191-205
International Aquatic Research - In the current study, ten elements contents (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Cd, Pb and Hg) have been measured in muscle and liver of four pelagic fish species... 相似文献
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Synchronized effect of citric acid and phytase supplementation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of Labeo rohita 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A 2‐month trial was conducted to record the effect of citric acid and phytase supplementation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in labeo rohita. Nine treatment (T) diets having 0, 500 and 1,000 FTU/KG phytase and 0, 15 and 30 g/kg citric acid were prepared and were designated as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8 and T9 diets. There were three replicates for each of the test diets. Fish samples (n = 324) were stocked in different tanks and were fed with T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8 and T9 diets. Significant (p < .05) increase in growth parameters, apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, gross energy and minerals (Na, K, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn) was recorded in fish fed with T9 diets. 相似文献
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采用原子吸收法测定了瘤背石磺栖息地(崇明北支芦苇滩涂)的水质、土壤及成体瘤背石磺不同组织中的各项重金属含量,并与相应的国家标准进行了比较。结果表明:瘤背石磺栖息地的水质和土壤基本符合相应的国家标准,仅土壤中的Cu和Zn含量略超过国家标准《土壤环境质量标准》,污染指数分别为1.39和1.09。瘤背石磺肝胰腺中积累了较多的Cu、Zn和Fe,含量分别高达314.33、258.33和192.40μg/g组织湿重,两性腺中的Zn含量为309.33μg/g组织湿重,显著高于其它组织(P<0.05),肌肉和卵黄腺中的重金属含量均较低。除Cd含量外,瘤背石磺肌肉中的其它重金属含量均符合国家标准《农产品安全质量:无公害水产品安全要求》中的规定要求,但是肌肉中Cd含量远低于CAC标准(国际食品法典委员会标准)规定的2.0μg/g湿重。 相似文献
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C.-X. YE L.-X. TIAN H.-J. YANG J.-J. LIANG J. NIU & Y.-J. LIU 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2009,15(6):608-614
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary manganese (Mn) on growth, vertebrae and whole‐body Mn content of juvenile grouper, and to examine the effect of dietary Mn on copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) content of vertebrae and whole body. Seven casein‐gelatin‐based diets were supplemented with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 50 and 1000 mg kg?1 of Mn from MnSO4·H2O. Grouper with an initial weight of 12.9 ± 0.4 g were fed to satiation with one of the seven diets for 8 weeks. Growth was not significantly affected by dietary Mn supplements. Vertebrae Mn increased from 31.7 to 118.1 mg kg?1 dry weight with dietary Mn supplement increasing from 0 to 50 mg kg?1 (y = ?0.0002x3 + 0.0162x2 + 1.3903x + 26.27, R2 = 0.9561, where y is the vertebrae Mn content and x is the dietary Mn content). Whole‐body Mn increased from 2.5 to 7.8 mg kg?1 wet weight with dietary Mn supplement increasing from 0 to 50 mg kg?1 (y = 0.00001x3 ? 0.00107x2 + 0.11054x + 2.24615, R2 = 0.9080, where y is the whole‐body Mn content and x is the dietary Mn content). Dietary Mn had no significant effect on vertebrae Fe, Ca, P and Mg content, and whole‐body Cu, Zn and Mg content. However, vertebrae Zn and whole body Ca, P were highest in fish fed diet supplemented with 15 mg kg?1 of Mn. Based on this, Mn supplement of 15 mg kg?1 might be the optimum when the basal diet contained 4 mg kg?1 of Mn. Fish fed diet supplemented with 1000 mg kg?1 of Mn did not show any gross abnormality or change in feeding behaviour, but Mn contents of vertebrae and whole body were as high as 695.1 mg kg?1 dry weight and 42.5 mg kg?1 wet weight, respectively. Also, whole body Fe decreased significantly when Mn supplement was up to 1000 mg kg?1. 相似文献