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1.
基于3S技术联合的农田墒情远程监测系统开发 总被引：14，自引：8，他引：6
农田墒情信息是现代农业实施精准施肥、精确灌溉的重要科学依据。为了实现快速准确地采集墒情信息,研究开发了基于3S（GPS/GIS/GPRS）技术联合的农田墒情远程监测系统。该系统主要由农田信息监测网络节点和远程服务器组成,在小范围内由传感器节点基于ZigBee通讯协议组成无线传感器网络,在大尺度上通过网关节点集成GPS网络,利用GSM/GPRS网络实现与Internet的信息交互,完成了墒情数据的自动采集、无线传输和准确定位。设计了太阳能自供电的长寿命无线传感器节点和网关节点,开发了服务器端农田墒情信息管理系统软件,实现了Web方式下的参数远程设置和信息实时监测。该系统的设计开发为农田墒情信息监测和分析决策提供了有效的工具。 相似文献
2.
节水灌溉管理与决策支持系统 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
基于灌区灌溉用水过程的复杂性和实时性,研制了节水灌溉管理与决策支持系统软件。系统根据采集到的气象、土壤水分、作物、水资源状况等信息,运用作物系数法进行作物需水量的计算,根据土壤墒情决策模型,作出灌溉预报,确定精确的灌溉时间和最佳灌溉水量,利用决策结果对灌溉设备进行自动控制与监测,从而达到高效、节水的目的。该系统不仅具有数据录入、编辑、查询、统计、输出等信息处理功能,而且能够根据采集到的信息为灌区管理和用水户提供灌溉优选和水资源优化分配的决策支持,制定精细灌溉的作业方案。该系统立足田间,面向农户,可以为用户提供节水灌溉模式咨询、具体方案优选、指导灌区优化灌溉等功能,具有较强的推广应用价值。 相似文献
3.
基于zigbee无线网络的土壤墒情监控系统 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
为了提高农业灌溉用水利用率,针对传统有线网络采集布线复杂和成本高的缺点,该文设计了一套基于Zigbee无线网络和CC2430 MCU的土壤墒情监测系统。该系统综合了Zigbee无线网络自行组网、自行愈合和超低功耗的优点,采用太阳能电池供电,能实时监测和记录土壤墒情信息,为进一步制定节水灌溉策略提供有力的数据支持。初步试验结果表明,该系统运行稳定,丢包率低,能及时准确的监控土壤墒情信息,并将土壤含水率维持在适合植物生长的最佳含水量的范围之内。研究结果可为进一步开发更精准的自动灌溉系统提供数据支持。 相似文献
4.
节水灌溉联动控制系统 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
为了节约农田灌溉用水,提高水资源利用效率,实现自动灌溉控制,该文采用自主设计的灌溉控制设备和墒情监测设备,通过GSM网络传输数据,设计了一套集墒情监测、灌溉控制和专家决策支持的节水灌溉联动控制系统。该系统由就地控制柜、数据采集系统和自动控制软件三部分组成,实现了土壤墒情实时监测、专家知识管理及根据不同作物、不同生育期需水参数等进行自动灌溉控制等功能。在示范区的应用证明,该系统稳定可靠、操作方便、可广泛应用于规模化种植、温室大棚、精细农业等领域,对节水农业的实施具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
5.
该研究针对全中国尺度的土壤墒情监测需求,构建基于自动监测站原位监测与多源专题数据的土壤墒情数据获取感知技术体系,提出数据质量控制清洗策略并建立数据校正插补模型。系统基于云原生技术设计,将模块以微服务形式灵活开发部署,通过容器技术打包运行独立实例,布设了墒情数据上报采集、可视化分析和数据挖掘应用等核心模块。依托空间分析和WebGL技术开发3D WebGIS数据分析功能模块,实现协同土壤墒情、土地利用、海拔高程等多源数据可视化分析与制图,深入挖掘数据价值,实现墒情估算和基于水量平衡的灌溉决策应用服务。系统已在中国21个省份得到应用,建立自动监测站970个,采集监测数据6000余万条,为用户掌握土壤墒情现状、指导农业节水灌溉、获取可靠科研数据等应用提供数据与技术服务。 相似文献
6.
7.
便携式土壤湿度检测装置用于精准灌溉决策系统 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用最先进的技术进行精准灌溉是现代农业发展的必然趋势,但在准确预测被监测区域的土壤湿度时,面临一个两难的处境:少量土壤湿度固定检测点不能良好地反映作物区域土壤墒情信息,而大量布置传感器检测点又使得投资成本较大。因此该文设计了一种便携式土壤检测装置,同时基于该装置构建了一个精准灌溉决策系统,并把该系统应用于田间的精准灌溉决策。该系统由便携式土壤湿度检测装置和上位机决策软件2部分组成,其中便携式土壤湿度检测装置由FDR原理土壤水分传感器MS-10、低功耗单片机C8051F410、蓝牙无线传输模块、数据显示模块以及部分外围电路组成,可以独立实现时间记录、数据存储和实时显示。经过试验标定,装置的允许最大误差为2.2%,设计精度为95%;上位机决策软件分为数据接收模块、分布式二进制一致性算法模块和系统操作界面3个子模块,分别采用Visual Basic、Matlab和Matlab GUI设计而成,实现对便携式装置所采集数据的无线传输、归一化处理和数据融合处理,能够根据不同区域划分和不同作物灌水下限进行相应的运算,从而得到估计精度较高、区域大小可调的多尺度精准灌溉决策信息。最后通过30 m×30 m草坪的土壤湿度为检测参数的田间验证,该系统的平均决策准确率大于90%,且可以根据需要增减检测点个数。因此既可以独立应用,也可以作为固定检测方式的有效补充,实现作物区域土壤湿度信息的精确采集,有效提高水资源利用率。 相似文献
8.
土壤墒情自动测报系统在绿洲农业区的应用 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
目前对采用水文干旱方法，即通过监视农田墒情的变化来建立抗旱决策信息系统研究还很少，文章阐述在干旱灌区建立土壤墒情监测预报和灌溉决策信息系统的重要性，提出适用于干旱灌区的土壤墒情监测方法和作物灌水预报模型，对土壤墒情自动测报及灌溉决策系统的信息传输、结构及功能作了详细论述。研究表明，通过计算机信息技术对农田墒情、气象信息、灌溉用水以及农业生产等综合信息实行一体化系统管理，提高了灌溉管理水平，节约了水资源。研究成果在干旱、半干旱地区具有参考和应用价值。 相似文献
9.
柑橘园土壤墒情远程监控系统设计与实现 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
针对传统的土壤墒情监测手段存在的监测范围小、采样率低等不足,设计实现了基于ZigBee无线传感网络和J2EE三层B/S架构技术的柑橘园土壤墒情远程监控系统。系统采用具有ZigBee无线数据传输功能的XBee-PRO模块和ECH2O型土壤水分传感器EC-5为核心组成传感器节点,部署于柑橘园的各个采集点对土壤墒情信息进行采集、预处理和无线发送等工作,通过基于ARM9的嵌入式网关与Internet网络连接,采集数据传输至远程Web主机,通过远程监控中心系统实现对采集数据分析处理和系统运行的远程和实时监控。进行了不同距离的传感器节点发送数据包的耗时和数据包发送成功率试验,在1 km以内耗时低于100 ms,数据包发送成功率高于98%。试验结果表明,系统实现了稳定可靠的数据传输,适合柑橘园土壤墒情的远程和实时监控。 相似文献
10.
基于地面红外检测系统验证的灌区地表温度遥感反演 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用遥感数据的大尺度特性和地面实时监测数据进行区域灌溉管理,用精准化信息技术支撑农业信息化,是现代农业发展的方向和研究热点。该文根据田间在线实时监测数据和Land Sat8卫星遥感数据反演,探讨遥感反演地表温度与地面实测数据的吻合程度,为大范围、区域性干旱监测和灌溉管理提供技术支撑。结果表明,在下垫面植被均匀、土壤水分空间变异性较小的区域,利用Land Sat8遥感影像反演地表温度,可以很好地与地面作物冠层温度监测结果相吻合;监测点数据可以代表其附近5个像元的情况。利用覃志豪法和简单Sobrino法计算地表比辐射率来遥感反演地表温度,对不同的作物类型有不同的适宜性。2015年9 d遥感反演结果与地面监测数据对比可见,在解放闸灌域沙壕渠试验点的玉米地,简单的Sobrino法结果更好,R~2达到0.76,均方根误差、相对误差和符合度指数分别达到2.32℃、7.8%和0.92。葵花地覃志豪法结果为宜,R~2达到0.85,均方根误差、相对误差和符合度指数分别达到1.97℃、6.5%和0.94。春小麦地宜用Sobrino法。对于北京大兴的冬小麦-夏玉米轮作,这2种方法差别不大。地面监测点布设方案和合理数目、点面数据结合进行区域干旱判断和灌溉管理,以及地面监测系统的优化改进,是进一步研究的重点。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
18.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
19.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献