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1.
施用氮磷钾对黄土丘陵区山地红枣林土壤酶与土壤肥力的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用野外试验与室内分析,研究了连续4 a施氮磷钾肥对黄土丘陵区山地枣园土壤酶活性及土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明:连续4 aNPK1施肥处理能够明显增强土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶的活性,提高土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量;在土壤剖面中总的趋势是土壤酶活性和土壤速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量随土层深度加深而降低。土壤酶活性与土壤养分因子的相关分析表明,在0~20 cm土层,磷酸酶与有机质、速效磷,过氧化氢酶与有机质、全氮呈显著或极显著性正相关。在20~40 cm,脲酶与有机质、全氮、速效氮,磷酸酶与速效钾,过氧化氢酶与速效磷,蔗糖酶与有机质、速效钾呈显著或极显著性正相关。在40~60 cm,脲酶与全氮、速效磷,磷酸酶与有机质、速效氮,过氧化氢酶与速效磷,蔗糖酶与有机质、全氮、速效磷呈显著或极显著正相关。 相似文献
2.
仁用杏园不同土层土壤养分含量的测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区,对仁用杏园的土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾进行了测定。0～500cm土层的土壤有机质为3．368g／kg,全氮为0．268g／kg,全磷为0．536g／kg,速效氮为13．644mg／kg。速效磷为2．202mg／kg,速效钾为50．406mg／kg。陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区仁用杏园无论是浅层、根系集中分布层还是源层土壤,土壤养分含量均较低,满足不了仁用杏的正常生长与开花结实。 相似文献
3.
蔬菜日光温室栽培条件下土壤养分累积特性研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
测定了陕西杨凌示范区不同日光温室栽培土壤剖面的养分含量及变化。结果表明,日光温室土壤有机质、硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量呈现显著累积趋势,其中以0~20 cm土层有机质、0~40 cm土层有效磷和速效钾以及0~200 cm土层硝态氮累积量尤为突出。蔬菜生长过程中温室土壤剖面中铵态氮含量的变化相对较小,而硝态氮含量呈逐渐降低趋势。蔬菜收获后土壤剖面(0~200 cm)硝态氮残留量在707~1 161 kg/hm2之间,平均达954kg/hm2,明显高于农田土壤。温室栽培条件下土壤电导率明显高于农田土壤,以土壤表层尤为突出。土壤硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾与土壤电导率之间的关系均达显著水平,其中硝态氮含量与土壤电导率间的关系最为密切,说明过量施用肥料特别是氮肥,是引起土壤盐分累积的主要原因。 相似文献
4.
洛阳市粮田土壤养分状况分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了洛阳市主要粮田土壤247个土壤样品的养分状况.结果表明,土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾的平均含量分别为1.25%、0.91 g/kg、10.88 mg/kg和128.7 mg/kg;总体而言,有机质和全氮含量处于低水平(1%～2%和0.8～1.0 g N/kg),速效磷处于中低水平(5～20 mg P/kg),速效钾处于中等水平(100～150 mg K/kg);有机质、全氮和速效磷含量的次数分布曲线呈高峰偏左的正偏峰,速效钾呈近似为高峰稍微偏右的正态峰;速效磷的变异程度(CV%)最大,有机质和全氮的次之,速效钾的最小. 相似文献
5.
塔里木绿洲种植制度对棉田土壤养分性状的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了研究塔里木绿洲种植制度对棉田土壤养分特性的影响,以棉田轮作方式(水稻→棉花、水稻→冬麦→棉花、水稻→冬麦-绿肥→棉花)和连作年限(3、5、8、10、15 a)为试验因素,对0~100 cm土层土壤进行了调查与试验。结果表明:短期轮作对棉田土壤养分含量无影响,棉花连作年限是不同层次土壤养分含量变化的主要影响因素,连作3、8、10、15 a土壤0~20 cm速效氮平均为40.60、48.75、51.96、44.35 mg/kg;速效磷平均为10.16、26.72、27.00、23.37 mg/kg;速效钾平均为184.70、142.60、130.20、105.56 mg/kg;有机质含量分别为10.43 g/kg、12.10g/kg、12.93 g/kg、13.56 mg/kg;无论轮作类型、连作年限长短,从垂直分布上,连作15 a、3 a土壤速效氮F值分别为79.01、299.45;速效磷F值分别为88.99、17.54;有机质F值分别为77.27和171.6。表明长期连作降低了上下层土壤速效氮和有机质含量差异而增加了上下层土壤速效磷含量差异;有机质含量随着土层深度的增加而降低;速效钾含量有随着土层深度的增加而增加的趋势。棉花长期连作有利于增加各层次土壤速效氮、速效磷和有机质含量,同时降低深层土壤速效钾的含量;连作8~10 a耕作层土壤速效氮、有效磷含量达到最大值分别为52.35 mg/kg和27.45 mg/kg。 相似文献
6.
艾比湖湿地泥炭土壤养分特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以新疆艾比湖湿地泥炭土壤为研究对象,结合分析化学的手段,对泥炭土壤中的有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、有效磷等养分含量、空间分布特征进行测定与统计分析。结果表明:土壤有机质、碱解氮含量呈现出较强的表聚性,养分含量中有机质含量较高;其它养分含量较低;泥炭土壤中表层土壤有机质与碱解氮、速效钾、有效磷存在显著相关性,泥炭深层土壤的有机质与碱解氮、有效磷相关性较强;空间变异特征显示,土壤各养分指标均表现为中等空间变异特征。 相似文献
7.
洛川苹果园土壤养分等级及与有机质的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在苹果优生区洛川县域范围内,选取管理措施不同的果园采集土壤样品,对其土壤有机质、全量N、P、K及速效养分和微量元素进行了等级分布研究。分析结果表明,洛川果园土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮属于偏低水平;土壤有效磷变异大,部分果园有累积现象,土壤速效钾含量丰富。微量元素铁、锰、铜、锌较缺乏,相对而言,缺锌程度最大;土壤有效铜变异较大。土壤有机质与全氮、碱解氮和有效磷呈极显著正相关,与有效铁、有效锌呈显著正相关,与有效铜、有效锰的相关性较低;苹果园产量随着土壤有机质含量的增加而增多。 相似文献
8.
江淮丘陵季节性干旱区灌溉与施氮量对土壤肥力和水稻水分利用效率的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用防雨棚池栽试验,研究灌溉模式和施氮量对水稻土壤肥力和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明,灌溉模式与施氮量对土壤化学特性、土壤微生物学特性、产量及水分利用效率有着显著影响.与常规灌溉相比,控制灌溉条件土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、全钾含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量、细菌数量、真菌数量和水分利用效率增加,碱解氮含量和放线菌数量降低.随着施氮量增加,土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、碱解氮含量、放线菌和真菌数量增加,而全磷含量、全钾含量、速效磷和速效钾含量降低,产量和水分利用效率呈现先增加后降低的趋势.在本研究条件下,以控制灌溉模式,施氮量180 kg·hm-2,产量达到11 495 kg·hm-2,节本增效效应最佳. 相似文献
9.
荒漠绿洲区不同土地利用方式下土壤养分差异分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以塔里木盆地北缘荒漠绿洲区(渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲)为研究对象,对耕地、林地、荒漠灌丛和盐碱草地利用方式下的土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾进行了测定及统计分析。结果表明:土壤各养分元素的空间变异性由强到弱的顺序依次为有效磷碱解氮速效钾全氮有机质;不同土层深度有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量在不同土地利用方式之间表现出显著的差异(P0.05),土壤碱解氮含量无显著差异(P0.05);不同土地利用方式有机质与全氮、碱解氮之间的相关性较强,有效磷与速效钾之间的相关性相对较弱。 相似文献
10.
博尔塔拉河下游河岸带土壤养分特征及其相关性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对博尔塔拉河下游河岸带土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾、pH进行了分析。结果表明：① 土壤有机质在表层和80 cm土层属于强变异;20 cm、40 cm和60 cm土层属于中等变异。② 有机质含量为0.03%～4.19%,差值较大;不同深度土壤有机质含量从表层到深层逐渐减少,递减规律显著;5层（0~10 cm、20 cm、40 cm、60 cm和80 cm）土壤之间有机质含量垂直方向的相关性特征显示,60 cm深度与其他层次土壤有机质含量呈弱正和弱负相关,0 cm与80 cm、20 cm与40 cm之间的相关性极显著。③ 土壤有机质含量与pH、速效钾含量呈负相关,与速效磷含量呈正相关,与全氮呈极显著正相关（[WTBX]R[WTBZ]=0.934）。④ 通过对土壤样品养分含量分级显示,土壤有机质含量和速效磷含量平均值分别为0.44%和1.99 mg•kg-1,均属于极缺乏型;全氮含量和速效钾含量平均为0.07%和39.78 mg•kg-1,属于很缺乏型;pH平均为7.47,属于中性。 相似文献
11.
Judith A. Turner Tracey Chantry Moray C. Taylor Marc C. Kennedy 《Plant pathology》2021,70(8):1759-1778
In continuation of the annual national surveys of winter wheat, which began in 1970, samples from between 250 and 350 randomly selected wheat crops in England and Wales between 1999 to 2019 were visually assessed for disease symptoms during the milky ripe development stages (GS 73–75). Septoria tritici blotch was the most prevalent and severe foliar disease each year, although annual levels fluctuated considerably and there was no overall significant change over the two decades. Incidence of brown rust, yellow rust, take-all, and barley yellow dwarf virus also showed no significant overall change during the survey period, whereas glume blotch, powdery mildew, eyespot, and sharp eyespot all showed significant decline. Fusarium ear blight has significantly increased in both incidence and severity, causing a serious epidemic in 2012, when 96% of crops were affected. Tan spot has been the third most prevalent foliar disease since 2009 although severity is still very low. Regional disease levels were consistent over the two decades, providing reliable baselines to measure changes in seasonal disease severity. There were significant changes in agronomic practice with a rise to predominance of minimum tillage over the use of ploughing, decreases in overall disease susceptibility of cultivars grown, a major increase in the use of oilseed rape in the rotation and a long-term trend towards earlier sowing. Fungicide use increased considerably, with over 98% crops sprayed and an average of 3.5 applications made per crop each year since 2014. Implications of changes over the last 21 years are discussed. 相似文献
12.
采用高效液相色谱和气相色谱法,分别研究了吡虫啉和百菌清在薄膜大棚设施内外葫芦叶和黄瓜中消解动态及其在葫芦和黄瓜中的残留量,并结合气象因子对产生残留差异的原因进行了分析。样品中的吡虫啉经乙腈和盐酸溶液提取,中性氧化铝和弗罗里硅土层析柱净化后,用高效液相色谱检测;百菌清经乙腈提取,中性氧化铝层析柱净化后,用气相色谱检测。结果表明:吡虫啉在设施内外葫芦叶和黄瓜中均消解迅速,施药7 d后,其在设施内外葫芦叶上的消解率分别为90.4%和98.7%,在黄瓜中的消解率分别为67.8%和85.9%;而百菌清在葫芦叶上的消解速率均比在黄瓜中的稍慢,施药7 d后其在设施内外葫芦叶上的消解率分别为15.4%和38.1%,在黄瓜中的消解率分别为87.8%和91.5%。表明2种农药在设施外2种蔬菜上的消解速率均快于设施内的。两种农药均是在设施外葫芦及黄瓜中的残留量低于设施内的,而降雨和光照强度可能是引起农药在设施内外蔬菜上残留差异的主要因子。 相似文献
13.
中国的沙暴、尘暴及其防治 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
沙尘暴在进入 90年代以来有进一步加剧趋势 ,其原因在于此期我国西北地区气候干暖化态势明显 ,人类超负荷开发资源加剧 ,从而导致沙尘暴的频繁发生 ,但总体上仍属于正常的灾害现象。我国沙暴只能发生于干旱半干旱区 ,尘暴则可波及半湿润与湿润区 ,由此而论 ,北京的沙尘暴属于尘暴范畴 ,北京不会形成沙漠区。防治沙尘暴必须采取水、土、植被综合防治措施 ,基本对策是 :1 .搞好流域为单元的水土资源合理利用规划 ,进行水土保持综合防治 ;2 .增加地表植被复盖 ,搞好防护林体系建设 ;3 .减轻土地利用强度 ,恢复提高土地抗蚀能力 ;4.加强管理体系建设 ,依法建设生态环境。建议国家设立水土保持为主要职能的生态环境建设委员会 ,统一协调布署我国的生态环境建设工作。 相似文献
14.
There are many possible ways to improve the economic crisis in Thailand, and it is agreed that development of agricultural production is ideal for improving the economic situation in an agricultural country such as Thailand. A strategic plan for agricultural and agro‐industry research is included in the national research agenda and can be classified into nine groups covering different research areas. Most research is based on the agricultural production of four main product groups: (i) crops; (ii) aquatic animals/plants and fisheries products; (iii) poultry, livestock and animal products; and (iv) forest resources. Trends in research and development in weed management for crop production will continue to support the food demands and the development of efficient production of quality products. 相似文献
15.
Variation in seed dormancy and light sensitivity was studied in Alopecurus myosuroides and Apera spica-venti . Seeds were collected from different populations, at different dates and from plants emerging in autumn or spring, and used in four experiments. In the first experiment, initial dormancy was investigated in light and darkness. In Expt 2, buried seeds were exhumed on 16 occasions, from September 1997 to March 2000, and germinated in light, in darkness and after a 5-s light exposure. In Expt 3, emergence was recorded for seeds sown in pots outdoors. In Expt 4, stratified seeds of A. myosuroides only were exposed to photon irradiance ranging from 0.1 to 25 600 μmol m−2 . Variation was high among seed collections, but both species showed winter annual dormancy patterns. Apera spica-venti germinated to high percentages in autumn but negligibly in spring. Alopecurus myosuroides germinated less in spring when tested in darkness and after a short light exposure and emerged poorly in spring, which reflected photo-desensitisation during cold stratification. We conclude that the peak of emergence in A. myosuroides , and to some extent in A. spica-venti , is largely regulated by exposure to light interacting with low-level dormancy. This offers valuable information regarding optimal timing of weed control measures. 相似文献
16.
Azinphos-methyl was applied to Shiraz winegrapes by commercial high-volume and hand-held sprayers during seasons 1993/94 and 1994/95. Residue levels in grapes resulting from treatments applied by commercial sprayer were below the maximum residue level (MRL) of 2 mg kg-1 for grapes in Australia, whereas residues resulting from treatments applied by hand-held sprayer still exceeded the MRL five weeks after final application. There was a strong correlation for most treatments between treatment concentration of azinphos-methyl and residue level in grapes, and in wine made from treated grapes. Applied at the recommended rate (1·2 g litre-1 wettable powder (WP) and 2·4 ml litre-1 suspension concentrate (SC)) by commercial high-volume sprayer, azinphos-methyl residue levels in wine were well below the MRL, and below the MRLs of most importing countries, except Denmark and Sweden. When applied by hand-held sprayer, residue levels in wine were 5·9–29·6 fold higher than those previously obtained by commercial application of insecticide. Since wines are often blends from different grape blocks and grape-growing districts, in practice, this is unlikely to be of concern. Wine made from grapes treated by commercial sprayer showed no detectable residues of azinphos-methyl after one year of storage. In both years, residue levels in grapes of both formulations of azinphos-methyl fluctuated during the five-week post-treatment period, although there was an overall downward trend. Previously unrecorded systemicity in azinphos-methyl was demonstrated in laboratory studies with barley seedlings, and this may explain these fluctuating data in grapes. The reduction of azinphos-methyl residues in grapes over time appears to be a complex phenomenon involving translocation of active ingredient combined with an increase in the size and weight of berries, producing fluctuating residue levels. © 1998 SCI 相似文献
17.
Selection of crop genotypes that are more competitive with weeds for light interception may improve crop yield stability in the presence of weeds. The effects of interference on ecophysiological characteristics of Abutilon theophrasti Medic. and three morphologically diverse grain sorghum hybrids was evaluated to determine the relative tolerance and suppressive ability of the three hybrids and specific traits that may contribute to those differences. A tall hybrid was more tolerant to A. theophrasti interference than two medium stature hybrids. Early leaf area growth of two medium-stature sorghum hybrids was reduced by A. theophrasti interference, whereas early growth of a tall hybrid was unaffected. The height of A. theophrasti was greater than two moderate-stature hybrids but lower than the tall hybrid. Greatest leaf area density (LD ) of the tall sorghum hybrid was above that of A. theophrasti , whereas greatest LD of medium-stature hybrids was below that of the weed. In monoculture, the partitioning of new biomass to various plant organs was similar among sorghum hybrids, whereas the tall sorghum hybrid partitioned less biomass to leaves and more to stems than medium hybrids in mixture. The results indicate that the three hybrids differ in their susceptibility to A. theophrasti competition. Crop traits that may contribute to greater crop competitiveness include greater maximum height and its growth rate and greater height of maximum leaf area distribution. 相似文献
18.
根据北京地区历史时期旱灾资料,利用数学统计方法中的参数区间估计研究了明清时期该地区旱灾的差异和气候的不同。结果表明：在北京地区明代（1368-1643年）276年内,共发生旱灾166次,平均1.66年发生1次;轻度旱灾47次,中度旱灾56次,大旱灾55次,特大旱灾8次。在清代（1644-1912年）的269年里,共发生... 相似文献
19.
西安夏、秋季降水与太阳黑子的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于西安市1960-2007年的降水数据和太阳黑子相对数,采用一元线性回归、Mann Kendall检验等方法,对西安降雨量进行分析,然后采用小波分析方法研究了西安夏、秋两季降水量与太阳黑子之间的关系。结果表明：夏、秋两季降水量约占西安全年降水量的80%;西安夏季降水量呈上升趋势,秋季降水量则呈下降趋势;降水量的变化与太阳黑子数多少密切相关,在太阳黑子出现极值年及2 a左右,降水量也出现极值;西安夏季降水量有10 a左右的周期,秋季降水量有9 a左右周期;太阳黑子在9 a时间尺度上与降水量有很强的相关性,且夏季降水量与太阳黑子相差1～2 a的正相关,秋季降水量则与太阳黑子提前2 a左右的负相关关系。 相似文献
20.
新疆湖泊沉积记录的气候水文变化及其环境效应 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在综合分析湖泊沉积记录的西北干旱区全新世气候特征及演变规律基础上,对新疆不同时间尺度上湖泊的水文变化进行了研究.新疆不同地区全新世气候环境存在差异,北疆全新世主要经历了早期温干、中期暖湿以及后期温十的气候演化过程,但不同湖泊记录的气候转型时间有所差别.南疆全新世以来湖泊记录研究较少,对气候演变规律有不同的认识,但中全新世暖湿气候特征具有一致性.根据近千年来的湖泊沉积记录研究,近百年来新疆处于暖干化阶段.总体来看,全新世以来湖泊水位出现了明显的波动.并呈现总体下降的趋势.然而,近50年来,随着流域人口增加、社会经济发展等强烈的人类活动影响,造成流域水资源的匮乏,导致湖面的快速萎缩,引起严重的区域环境问题.地质历史时期的湖面升降,敏感地体现了气候的波动过程,由气候因子波动及人类活动趋势分析,新疆湖泊水面将继续萎缩. 相似文献