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1.
The accumulation of phytic acid with relation to the deposition of the protein component in grain during maturation of three maize varieties grown under the same topographical and agrotechnical conditions over 2 crop years was investigated.
Phytic acid was determined by the spectrophotometric method of M ohamed et al. (1986).
Phytic acid content increased significantly (P = 0.05) up until the late stage of dough grain maturity. Afterwards, until full grain maturity, no significant changes of phytic acid content have been obtained. At the same time, changes of phytic acid content expressed on a dry matter basis correlate highly significantly (P = 0.001) and negatively with total nitrogen in both vegetation years (r = -0.848 and r = -0.845) and alpha-aminonitrogen content (r=-0.799 and r = -0.792), but highly significantly (P = 0.001) and positively with prolamine content (r = 0.823 and 0.654). Grain maturation under conditions of increased moisture and lower temperature resulted in lower phytic acid level. 相似文献
Phytic acid was determined by the spectrophotometric method of M ohamed et al. (1986).
Phytic acid content increased significantly (P = 0.05) up until the late stage of dough grain maturity. Afterwards, until full grain maturity, no significant changes of phytic acid content have been obtained. At the same time, changes of phytic acid content expressed on a dry matter basis correlate highly significantly (P = 0.001) and negatively with total nitrogen in both vegetation years (r = -0.848 and r = -0.845) and alpha-aminonitrogen content (r=-0.799 and r = -0.792), but highly significantly (P = 0.001) and positively with prolamine content (r = 0.823 and 0.654). Grain maturation under conditions of increased moisture and lower temperature resulted in lower phytic acid level. 相似文献
2.
M. Horvati&#; M. Ga&#;i&#; I. Vedrina-Dragojevi&#; 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1999,182(2):99-104
Dynamics of the accumulation of iron, copper, manganese and nickel, as well as their relationships with total ash, crude proteins and total dry matter during maize grain maturation were investigated. The investigation was carried out on normal maize hybrids grown under the same topographical and agrotechnical conditions. The amounts of particular microelements in the fresh grain matter increased significantly up to a late stage of dough maturation. The dynamics of their accumulation correlated positively and significantly with deposition of total dry matter, total ash and crude proteins, and were consistent with biological needs of the maize grain during development. The amounts of microelements expressed on a dry matter basis decreased significantly in a late stage of milky grain maturation. Further fluctuations were not significant. The correlation between particular microelements during grain maturation was positive and significant, as well as the correlation of particular microelements with crude proteins and total ash in the grain dry matter. 相似文献
3.
Dynamics of the accumulation of total ash and zinc, and their relationships with total dry matter, crude proteins and phytic acid during maize grain maturation were investigated. The investigation was carried out on normal maize hybrids grown under the same topographical and agrotechnical conditions over two consecutive vegetation years.
The amount of total ash, expressed on fresh and dry matter bases, changed significantly (P = 0.05 and P = 0.01) during grain maturation depending on maturity stage and variety. The dynamics of the accumulation of ash in fresh grain matter during maturation as well as the ash amount in dry matter of mature grains were significantly affected by environmental conditions.
The accumulation of zinc in fresh matter of developing grain was significantly affected (P = 0.05 and P = 0.01) by the degree of grain maturity and by variety, and correlates significantly (P = 0.001) and positively with the deposition of total dry matter, crude proteins as well as with phytic acid in both vegetation years.
The molar ratio of phytic acid and zinc increased significantly during grain maturation indicating a possible decrease of zinc availability. 相似文献
The amount of total ash, expressed on fresh and dry matter bases, changed significantly (P = 0.05 and P = 0.01) during grain maturation depending on maturity stage and variety. The dynamics of the accumulation of ash in fresh grain matter during maturation as well as the ash amount in dry matter of mature grains were significantly affected by environmental conditions.
The accumulation of zinc in fresh matter of developing grain was significantly affected (P = 0.05 and P = 0.01) by the degree of grain maturity and by variety, and correlates significantly (P = 0.001) and positively with the deposition of total dry matter, crude proteins as well as with phytic acid in both vegetation years.
The molar ratio of phytic acid and zinc increased significantly during grain maturation indicating a possible decrease of zinc availability. 相似文献
4.
Correlation between lysine, tryptophan and prolamine contents during maturation of the maize kernel
Changes in the contents of total nitrogen, prolamine, tryptophan and protein bound lysine, and the relative nutritive quality of proteins were studied during the maturation of three normal maize varieties, grown under the same topographical and agrotechnical conditions, in two successive crop years.
Total nitrogen was determined according to Kjeldahl's method, prolamine by the turbidity test, lysine by Carpenter's method and tryptophan was assessed fluorometrically.
A significant decrease (p = 0.01) in total nitrogen, tryptophan and bound lysine content in the dry grain matter was found in the late milk and early dough ripeness stages of the maize kernel. Parallel with the decrease in these components, the relative nutritive quality of proteins also decreased during maturation. Prolamine, which was present in the early milk stage in low quantities, increased significantly (p = 0.01) with kernel maturity, reaching the highest level in the early dough ripeness stage. During further kernel maturation no significant changes in the components studied were observed. The correlation coefficients between the contents of prolamine and total nitrogen, lysine and tryptophan, during the ripening of maize kernel were highly significant (p = 0.001): -0.891, -0.938, -0.856, respectively in the first crop year and –0.844, -0.833, -0.867, respectively in the second crop year. 相似文献
Changes in the contents of total nitrogen, prolamine, tryptophan and protein bound lysine, and the relative nutritive quality of proteins were studied during the maturation of three normal maize varieties, grown under the same topographical and agrotechnical conditions, in two successive crop years.
Total nitrogen was determined according to Kjeldahl's method, prolamine by the turbidity test, lysine by Carpenter's method and tryptophan was assessed fluorometrically.
A significant decrease (p = 0.01) in total nitrogen, tryptophan and bound lysine content in the dry grain matter was found in the late milk and early dough ripeness stages of the maize kernel. Parallel with the decrease in these components, the relative nutritive quality of proteins also decreased during maturation. Prolamine, which was present in the early milk stage in low quantities, increased significantly (p = 0.01) with kernel maturity, reaching the highest level in the early dough ripeness stage. During further kernel maturation no significant changes in the components studied were observed. The correlation coefficients between the contents of prolamine and total nitrogen, lysine and tryptophan, during the ripening of maize kernel were highly significant (p = 0.001): -0.891, -0.938, -0.856, respectively in the first crop year and –0.844, -0.833, -0.867, respectively in the second crop year. 相似文献
5.
A 4-year field study was carried out to determine dry matter and nitrogen accumulation until anthesis and at grain filling period and dry matter translocation and utilization in grain filling of barley. Twenty two-rowed spring barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. distichum L.) cultivars originated from different countries (Yugoslavia, Germany, Australia, the Czeck Republic, Netherlands, France and USA) were grown during 1995–1998 on a non-calcareous chernozem soil near Novi Sad (45° 20′N, 15° 51′E, 86 m asl). Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation depended on the cultivar and year. In a year with favorable weather conditions, 58% of dry matter was accumulated during pre-anthesis, while in a year with less favorable weather the amount was 48%. In the favorable year 91% and in unfavorable year 65% of nitrogen was accumulated until anthesis. The results indicated that the greater amount of dry matter and nitrogen accumulated before anthesis. Dry matter translocation efficiency depended on the cultivar and ranged from 3 to 16.4%, while the contribution of pre-anthesis assimilates to kernel varied from 4 to 24.2%. Cultivars that have been developed for the growing conditions of the area where the experimental site was located, i.e. adapted ones, did not use pre-anthesis dry matter for grain filling. High positive correlations (P<0.01) were found between biomass at anthesis and biological yield, dry matter translocation efficiency, contribution of translocated dry matter to grain yield, and total plant nitrogen at maturity. Accumulated nitrogen at anthesis was positively correlated (P<0.01) with growing degree–days until anthesis, dry matter at anthesis and dry matter translocation parameters. Heritability for the investigated characters was rather high, over 0.60. 相似文献
6.
氮肥施用对豫南稻茬小麦群体质量指标及产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了研究豫南稻茬小麦产量低而不稳的障碍因子及小麦群体质量指标,在豫南稻茬麦区田间条件下,系统研究了氮肥施用(0,150,225 kg/hm~2)对扬麦15和兰考1 982个冬小麦品种群体质量指标及产量的影响,并提出了相应的对策。结果表明,2个冬小麦品种籽粒产量均随氮肥用量增加而增加,说明在当前豫南稻茬麦区氮肥仍是影响小麦产量提高的主要限制因子,并且在相同氮肥供应条件下,兰考198小麦籽粒产量明显高于扬麦15品种。研究还发现,实现该地区小麦产量6 000 kg/hm~2左右,产量构成需达到以下指标:成穗数490万~620万穗/hm~2,穗粒数42粒,千粒质量37 g以上。进一步分析发现,达到上述产量目标,小麦起身期群体茎蘖数为680万~780万穗,起身、拔节和开花期的适宜叶面积指数分别为2.89~3.20,4.08~5.60,6.09~7.61,开花期和成熟期干物质积累量分别为13 025~16 568 kg/hm~2,20 888~24 090 kg/hm~2,且开花期和成熟期粒数叶比和粒重叶比分别应高于0.38粒/cm~2和9.45 mg/cm~2。根据本试验结果,初步认为,兰考198较扬麦15更适宜当前豫南稻茬麦区种植,实现6 000 kg/hm~2产量水平,全生育期氮肥用量应在225 kg/hm~2左右,并达到主要生育时期适宜的群体质量指标。 相似文献
7.
氮肥运筹对弱筋小麦宁麦9号群体结构和 产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为给弱筋小麦优质高产氮肥的精量确定提供科学依据,以弱筋小麦宁麦9号为材料,研究了氮肥不同基追比对其群体结构和产量的影响。结果表明：小麦籽粒产量、茎蘖成穗率、最大叶面积指数、成熟期生物产量和花后干物质积累量与拔节期追氮比例均呈极显著二次曲线关系;成穗数、茎蘖成穗率、最大叶面积指数、成熟期生物产量和花后干物质积累量与产量呈显著或极显著正相关关系。弱筋小麦实现6100kg/hm2以上产量水平的氮肥运筹技术,即在总施氮量为225kg/hm2条件下,采用追肥在拔节期一次施用,以氮肥基追比6：4和5：5为弱筋小麦宁麦9号最佳氮肥运筹方案,该群体各项质量指标均较为合理,形成了高效群体,成穗数为477~486万/hm2,茎蘖成穗率为48.6%~48.9%,最适宜叶面积指数为6.92~7.08,成熟期生物产量和花后干物质积累量分别为14460~15330kg/hm2和4455~4515kg/hm2。 相似文献
8.
以常规杂交粳稻常优3号和籼粳杂交超级稻甬优12为材料,通过叶面施肥分析了油菜素甾醇(BRs)对2个杂交粳稻灌浆期剑叶光合特性、群体干物质积累、氮素吸收利用、非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)积累和植株不同器官NSC/N的影响。结果表明,BRs对2个水稻叶片光合生理指标的影响表现为Gs>Tr>Pn>Ci。喷施2,4-表油菜素内酯(eBL)后能够增强灌浆期叶片净光合速率和蒸腾速率,维持叶绿素含量和胞间CO2浓度,从而提升叶片光合能力;以及增加群体干物质、氮素和NSC积累量以及干物质积累比例和积累速率、氮素吸收比例和吸收速率、NSC转运比例和转运速率,但降低了氮素干物质生产效率;喷施油菜素吡咯(Brz)后的上述生理效应相反。eBL提升了2个水稻品种花后干物质、NSC和氮素的转移量及氮素对籽粒贡献率,降低了干物质和NSC对籽粒贡献率;Brz则降低了干物质、NSC及氮素的转移量和转移率,提升了干物质和NSC对籽粒贡献率。2个杂交粳稻整个灌浆期地上部不同器官NSC、氮素转运量均表现为eBL>CK>Brz,籽粒灌浆前期>籽粒灌浆后期。2个水稻品种地上部不同器官NSC/N随着籽粒的不断充实呈现上升趋势,其中茎鞘、穗部NSC/N变化最为显著;eBL减小了叶片和茎鞘中的NSC/N,Brz则反之,但喷施BRs后穗部变化规律不明显。籼粳杂交超级稻甬优12比常规杂交粳稻常优3号具有更强的剑叶光合速率,更高的干物质和氮素及NSC积累量,更大的灌浆前期NSC和氮素转运量,最终籽粒实际产量较常优3号增加5.03%~9.32%;eBL对2个水稻品种干物质和氮素积累及NSC转运作用规律不一,Brz对甬优12干物质、氮素积累及NSC转运抑制效应大于常优3号。
9.
10.
Patterns of assimilation and partitioning of photosynthate and nitrogen in isogenic tall, semidwarf, and doubledwarf (Norin 10/5/Pawnee) 'Pawnee' hard red winter wheats ( Triticum aestivum L.) were studied under controlled environmental conditions and field conditions. The objective of the investigations was to determine reasons for the advantageous harvest index associated with dwarf genes. Plants were sampled at four growth stages and separated into plant parts as they developed. Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPC) and nitrate reductase (NR) activities in leaves differed among growth stages but not among isogenic lines. Fructosan in sheaths, stems, and roots increased from the soft dough stage to maturity, but differed little among the lines. Nitrogen concentrations decreased in leaf blades, stems, and roots as plants developed to the soft dough stage and then stayed nearly constant until maturity. Nitrogen in all plant parts frequently varied directly with the complement of dwarfing genes, being lowest in the tall line and highest in the doubledwarf line. The tall and semidwarf lines had significantly higher grain yield, test weight, total dry matter, spike number, and 1000-kernel weight than the doubledwarf line under either or both experimental conditions. The dwarf lines, however, had significantly higher kernel number per spike than the tall line. Harvest index was higher for the doubledwarf line (0.58) than for the two other lines (0.54). 相似文献
11.
籼、粳超级稻光合物质生产与转运特征的差异研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为阐明籼、粳超级稻干物质积累及光合生产特征的差异,以江苏地区大面积推广种植的5个超级杂交籼稻组合和5个常规粳型超级稻品种为试验材料,对稻麦两熟制条件下籼、粳超级稻干物质积累、分配、运转及叶面积、光合势、群体生长率、净同化率、秧苗素质、叶型等方面进行了系统的比较研究。结果表明,粳稻生育前期(移栽至拔节期)干物质积累量、光合势、群体生长率、净同化率及上三叶叶长、叶基角、叶开角、披垂度和叶面积衰减率、收获指数均小于籼稻,而生育中后期(拔节至成熟期)干物质积累量、光合势、群体生长率、净同化率及有效叶面积率、高效叶面积率、粒叶比(颖花/叶、实粒/叶、粒重/叶)、最大叶面积指数、总充实量、实收产量、生物产量、茎鞘最大输出量和表观输出量及比率均大于籼稻,差异显著或极显著。虽然粳稻主要生育期单茎干物重均不及籼稻,但群体数量优势保证粳稻具有较高的群体干物质积累量和叶面积,且随着生长发育的持续,群体光合物质生产优势不断加大,群体干物质积累量于抽穗后25 d前后超过籼稻。粳稻灌浆后期(乳熟至成熟期)仍保持强劲生长优势,而灌浆初期(抽穗至乳熟期)茎鞘贮存物质合理输出,有效保障了高效光合层的安全支撑及高积累产量库的流畅充实。高生物学产量的稳定形成和叶面积“稳升缓降”态势以及拔节至成熟期较强的高效光合物质生产,是粳稻光合系统高效持续产出、灌浆充实多及高产形成的重要特征和原因。 相似文献
12.
氮肥基追比对滴灌冬小麦干物质转运及氮素吸收分配的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了探究小麦滴灌条件下氮肥合适的基追比对冬小麦群体动态、干物质转运及氮素吸收分配的影响,以小麦‘鲁原502’为试验材料,设置4 种不同基追比滴灌处理,动态监测小麦群体动态、土壤碱解氮、全氮含量及植株全氮积累量,于成熟期监测干物质的吸收转运情况。研究表明,成熟期滴灌基追比为4:6 的小麦群体数量、籽粒干物质、土壤碱解氮含量、土壤全氮含量、植株全氮积累量分别为对照的1.12 倍、1.30 倍、1.25 倍、1.14 倍、1.15 倍,其他各时期也保持了相对较高的数值,显著高于其他处理。可见4:6的滴灌基追比,显著提高了小麦的群体数量、干物质向籽粒的转运及小麦对氮素的有效利用。 相似文献
13.
基于动态模拟模型分析冬小麦干物质积累特征对产量的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
为揭示冬小麦产量形成与干物质积累的定量关系,2009—2011年利用3个田间试验建立了不同播种期、基本苗、底肥用量、追氮时期和用量、冬前灌水量、返青后灌水量和灌水时期等的冬小麦群体,分析了冬小麦干物质积累过程特征对产量及其构成因素的影响机制和定量关系。冬前干物质积累特征用单株干物重和冬前茎蘖数来表示,越冬后特征由基于相对积温(RGDDi)的Logistic曲线特征来描述。结果表明,群体干物质积累最大速率、干物质积累速率的2个拐点等特征量与产量及其构成因子有紧密的联系,所建立的关系模型均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。对有关模型进一步用独立样本进行配对t-检验,结果模拟值与实际值差异不显著(P>0.05)。基于相对积温(RGDDi)的Logistic模型不仅能较好地描述小麦冬后干物质积累过程,而且其曲线特征也能用于分析冬小麦产量及其构成因素的形成规律,以此为基础的产量关系方程可用于冬小麦生产群体调控的理论分析。 相似文献
14.
基于产量和经济效益分析的青贮玉米-京科青贮516的利用模式研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
青贮玉米有整株青贮和粮饲兼用两种主要利用方式,一些通过审定的青贮玉米品种具有生物产量和子粒产量均较高的特点,而实现经济效益最优最终决定青贮玉米的推广和应用价值。以京科青贮516和农大108两个玉米品种在不同密度条件下的乳熟期整株产量、完熟期子粒产量以及经济效益差异为研究对象,进行了有关的分析与研究,综合比较,整株青贮经济效益要高于收获子粒,京科青贮516在60000株/hm2密度乳熟期生物产量、成熟期子粒产量均最高,不同收获期的所有组合中经济效益居第1位和第2位,乳熟期效益为7113.9元/hm2,完熟期效益为6947.7元/hm2,对乳熟期和完熟期的经济效益值进行成对数据t测验,t=1.775,t0.05=2.571,t 相似文献
15.
种植密度、氮肥和水分胁迫对玉米产量形成的影响 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20
为阐明种植密度、氮肥和水分胁迫对不同玉米品种产量形成的影响,选用6个玉米品种,在两种密度(45 000株 hm-2和75 000株 hm-2)、两种施氮水平(纯氮112.5 kg hm-2和337.5 kg hm-2)和两种水分(前期干旱控水和正常灌水)处理下进行大田试验,调查玉米源库性状的主要生理参数和籽粒产量。结果表明,在环境压力较小时(低密度、高氮和正常灌水),玉米品种间籽粒产量、源性状(叶面积指数、穗位叶净光合速率和群体源供应能力)、库性状(群体库容量)、源库协调性状(群体库源比值、籽粒灌浆速率和收获指数)以及成熟期干物质积累量和吐丝期至成熟期干物质积累量差异较小,而逆境胁迫下(高密度、低氮和干旱),差异较大。环境压力较大时(高密度、低氮和干旱),叶面积指数、群体源供应能力、成熟期干物质积累量、吐丝期至成熟期干物质积累量、群体库容量和收获指数与籽粒产量呈显著或极显著正相关。由此说明,在玉米品种产量改良中要强化逆境人工选择,以适应自然选择,改善玉米品种逆境下的群体源库性状,增强吐丝期至成熟期叶片的光合生产效率,强源促库,提高逆境下的生产能力和适应性。 相似文献
16.
为研究播种量对‘鑫麦296’干物质生产与转运能力,以及籽粒产量的影响,设计75、150、225、300、375 kg/hm25个播量条件,对5个播量条件下不同生育时期各器官干物质量和籽粒产量进行测定,并计算干物质转运量和转运率。结果表明,150 kg/hm2播量条件下,拔节—开花和开花—成熟2个阶段干物质积累量、花后干物质生产量、花后干物质生产对籽粒的贡献率和成熟期籽粒干物质量最高,且与其他播量差异均达显著水平;花后各器官干物质量均在150 kg/hm2播量水平条件下达到最高,其中收获期的穗部干物质量和花后各时期整株的干物质量也均在150 kg/hm2播量水平条件下达到最高,且与其他播量条件下差异达显著水平;‘鑫麦296’的产量在150 kg/hm2播量水平条件下达到最高,且与其他播量条件下差异达显著水平,在不同播量水平条件下产量变化趋势为150 kg/hm2>75 kg/hm2>225 kg/hm2>300 kg/hm2>375 kg/hm2。本研究可以为不同品种小麦的播量研究提供参考。 相似文献
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18.
播期对直播水稻产量、花后各器官干物质和氮素积累及转运的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究播期对直播水稻产量、花后干物质和氮素积累与转运的影响,以水稻品种白粳1号、长白9号和龙粳31号为供试材料,设置3个播期（SD1、SD2和SD3）,比较不同播期条件下3个品种的产量、抽穗期和成熟期各器官干物质及氮素积累与转运特点。3个品种抽穗期和成熟期各器官干物质及氮素积累量、抽穗至成熟期各器官干物质及氮素转运量和产量均表现为SD2>SD3>SD1。相关分析表明,产量与成熟期穗干物质及氮素积累量呈显著正相关,与叶片干物质和氮素转运量呈显著正相关。在本试验条件下,播期的推迟提高了3个品种有效穗数及结实率,进而提高了产量,同时促进了各器官物质转运量与转运率的提高。各品种SD2处理的产量及花后干物质、氮素积累量最高,SD2为适宜播期。 相似文献
19.
K. K. Mathan 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1989,163(3):196-200
The relationship between the aerial temperature, distribution pattern during the crop growth period, accumulated heat units and sunshine hours at different growth phases of sorghum (Co 25), and the growth parameters of the crop, sown on weekly intervals from January 29, 1986 to March, 1986 was studied at Coimbatore, India. Number of days for completion of germination, height of plant, leaf area index, grain, straw and total dry matter yield were found to be related to the sunshine hours. Grain and straw yield were negatively related with the heat units accumulated at the seeding stage. Grain yield alone was positively related to accumulated heat untis at flowering stage, while grain and straw yield were not related with heat units at growth, bootleg and maturity stage. Total accumulated heat units during the entire growth period of the crop was positively related to the grain and straw yield. Treatmental variations were significant for grain, straw, total dry matter production and other growth parameters except tiller numbers. An early cooler temperature followed by a warmer temperature during flowering, maturity phases are crucial for higher grain, straw and dry matter production. 相似文献
20.
籽粒蛋白质含量不同的转基因水稻株系产量形成特点 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
水稻籽粒蛋白质含量与产量的关系仍不十分清楚。本试验以日本晴和以其为亲本通过转基因方式获得的5个籽粒蛋白质含量有明显差异的水稻株系为材料,在大田栽培条件下研究上述株系产量的形成特点。结果表明,在相同施氮量条件下,蛋白质含量高的水稻株系,其产量水平相对较低,结实率与籽粒蛋白质含量呈显著负相关。随着施氮水平的提高,各株系籽粒蛋白质含量和产量明显增加,产量增加的主要原因是单位面积穗数和每穗粒数的增加。抽穗前积累的干物质少,抽穗后叶片功能期相对较短,光合速率低,灌浆结实期茎秆中的干物质和非结构性碳水化合物向籽粒转运率低,引起结实率下降,是导致籽粒蛋白质含量高的水稻株系产量降低的重要生理原因。 相似文献