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近年来,由于比目鱼类,如牙鲆、大菱鲆和大西洋大比目鱼的成功养殖,世界上掀起了海水养殖比目鱼的高潮。欧洲鳎鱼和塞内加尔鳎鱼是欧洲水产市场上的传统产品,很受欢迎。目前在欧盟市场的价格是9～13．5欧元／kg。这两种鱼类主要靠海洋捕捞上市,而欧盟对其捕捞配额限制越来越严格,因此非常支持这两种鱼类大规模商品化养殖的研究。笔者曾于2003年作为国家公派访问学者赴荷兰渔业研究所进行了为期一年的访问留学,在学习期间曾参加了欧洲鳎鱼育苗和养殖项目的研究工作。 相似文献
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<正>千岛湖渔业依托千岛湖优质的淡水鱼资源,创新经营、品牌营销,游出了我国第一条有机鱼,"淳"牌千岛湖有机鱼被授予中国驰名商标,成为全国第一个通过国家工商总局认定的活鱼类驰名商标。在"大众创新,万众创业"的时代背景下,千岛湖"文化渔业"产业的创意发展启程,淳鱼在历经传统渔业、品牌渔业的发展阶段后,逐步迈向"文化渔业、创意渔业"转轨新阶段。 相似文献
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1991年11月,将10尾比目鱼由西日本的福冈运到东京成田。经过6小时的空运,鱼在冬眠状态下全部存活。以后,在冬季将比目鱼由九州运到成田,亦获得100%的存活率。操作过程甚为简单:将养鱼的水缓慢冷却到鱼不能活动的程度(通常 相似文献
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英国生物学家(Harris)等人发现鱼能通过肠器官吸收疫苗,这样鱼场接种疫苗将变得与喂食一样方便。目前采用的鱼疫苗接种方法很不方便。有时鱼场对一些名贵鱼品种如鲑鱼、欧洲比目鱼等用人工注射法接种 相似文献
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半岛蓝色经济区战略与工业化养殖业的发展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《山东半岛蓝色经济区发展规划》于2011年1月经国务院正式批准,上升至主题为海洋经济的国家战略。此前（2010年10月）,山东、广东和浙江3省同被国务院列为全国海洋经济发展试点地区,而且连获国家战略的批复。由此预告世界,中国的海洋经济进入了一个全新的发展时期。海水养殖是海洋经济的重要组成部分,今后将以科技创新为动力,走海陆联动,引入高新技术,推动蓝色产业经济的高速转型升级和可持续发展。文章以鲆鲽类养殖产业为例,提出了借助半岛蓝色经济区的发展契机,排除养殖空间受限的制约因素,促进养殖技术体系由低端向高端提升,走出一条工业化发展之路的构想;并对工业化养殖发展理念、战略目标、实施路径和发展前景进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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鲆鲽类苗种技术创新与推广对策——基于生产者技术需求调研的思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
苗种是水产养殖生产的基础资料,苗种科技创新与推广的有效程度直接影响到产业可持续发展。以作为我国海水鱼类代表的鲆鲽类养殖业为例,基于养殖生产者的技术需求调研结果,提出了该产业苗种技术创新与推广的策略,即以市场为导向,始终将苗种科技创新作为重要的产业发展战略;密切结合产业发展转型战略,有效对接产业差别化需求,有差别地重点推进快速生长苗种、强抗逆性苗种以及全雌化优质苗种的培育与推广;因地制宜推进特色品种苗种培育,为塑造区域性鲆鲽类产品品牌提供支撑;认真做好战略储备性品种的苗种培育,切实推进产业的梯度发展;密切关注我国近海渔业资源修复之需求,培育适于增殖放流的鲆鲽类苗种。 相似文献
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《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(3-4):143-154
Abstract In contrast to freshwater aquaculture and the culture of anadromous species such as salmon, marine fish culture is in its infancy. The small larval size of many marine species presents significant challenges to culture, however, these highly valuable fish offer considerable promise for aquaculture. A particularly attractive group for marine aquaculture is the flatfish. The California halibut, Paralichthys californicus, with a range in nature from Washington State south to Baja California Sur, Mexico is one such species. With the goal of enhancing the fishery for this species, a hatchery program was developed over a decade ago. The hatchery at Redondo Beach, California, maintains a group of adults that routinely spawn throughout most of each year. Further development of routine culture and juvenile growout techniques ultimately aimed at commercial aquaculture was initiated last year with support from the California Sea Grant College Program. Profitable commercial ventures culturing various flatfish species already exist in other parts of the world, but development of a flatfish culture industry in California confronts unique challenges. Two challenges in particular are the relatively high cost of energy and stringent environmental regulations. To meet these challenges, a culture system built around recirculation technology is being developed that would allow for an energy-efficient industrial-like approach to the culture of California halibut while minimizing environmental impacts. 相似文献
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分析了不同规格鲆鲽类的生化组成并进行了营养价值研究和安全性评价。结果表明,不同规格的鲆鲽类鱼肉氨基酸都符合FAO/WHO公布的氨基酸理想模式:EAA/TAA含量在40%左右、EAA/NEAA在60%以上,重金属含量都符合国内外相关标准,所以鲆鲽类蛋白质都属于理想安全的优质蛋白质。不同规格鲆鲽类的FAA/TAA的比例都相近,而1～2kg的鲆鲽类的必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸含量普遍高于0.5kg的大菱鲆。 相似文献
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Trawls harness the innate avoidance behavior of fish to affect their capture. As such, effective bycatch reduction relies, in part, upon knowledge of behavioral differences between target and non-target species. The behavior of flatfish during herding, net entry and passage through trawls differs substantially from that of many roundfish. These differences result from the unique body morphology of flatfish and the constraints this morphology places upon their natural predator avoidance and evasion tactics. Paramount, in this regard, is the intimate association between flatfish and the seafloor. Flatfish utilize a detection minimization strategy that combines burial, highly evolved cryptic capabilities and low activity. Additionally, the maximum sustained swimming speeds and endurance of flatfishes are low compared to most roundfish. As a result, flatfish typically respond to trawl ground-gear at shorter distances, remain closer to the seafloor during herding and herd in the net mouth for a shorter time, prior to net entry, than roundfish. As is the case for roundfish species, light and temperature influence flatfish reactivity and herding behavior. At low ambient light levels herding behavior in flatfish breaks down, as fish initially respond to ground-gear by rising off the bottom, which removes them from the ground-gear's zone of influence. Similarly, at low temperatures some flatfish display reduced herding. Differences in behavior between flatfish and roundfish have spurred development of selective flatfish trawls, with low rise head ropes and/or open or large mesh intermediates that allow rising roundfish to exit the net opening, while flatfish remain close to the net floor, passing into the net and back to the codend. Lastly, a conceptual design for a counter-herding device is presented, which takes advantage of the longer reactive distances of roundfish, and their tendency to herd farther of the seafloor, thereby allowing them to be herded out of the path of the net, while not influencing the normal inward herding of flatfish. 相似文献
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以半滑舌鳎皮肤溃疡病的致病菌灿烂弧菌Vibrio splendidus和哈维氏弧菌Vibrio harveyi为指示菌,研究了循环水养殖系统各环节中细菌分布和消除工艺。结果表明,不健康的苗种携带病原菌进入养殖系统后,可分布在残饵、池壁污物、养殖工具及循环水各处理环节。而弧形筛过滤、曝气池气升、紫外线消毒是循环水养殖系统消除细菌的三大环节。用5×10-6 mol/L的KMnO4溶液浸泡工具2h,对细菌的杀灭率达到100%;用25×10-6 mol/L的KMnO4溶液擦拭养殖池壁污物1.5min后,细菌杀灭率高于90%;用100×10-6 mol/L浓度的H2O2溶液对养殖舌鳎病鱼进行药浴消毒处理10min,对体表细菌的杀灭率达到了94.49%。对鲆鲽鱼类循环水养殖系统中细菌的分布和消除效果进行了系统研究,研究结果可为建立循环水健康养殖工艺提供理论数据和参考。 相似文献
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Sung Il Lee Kerim Y. Aydin Paul D. Spencer Thomas K. Wilderbuer Chang Ik Zhang 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(3):411-434
We evaluated the role of flatfishes in the organization and structure of the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem using the Ecopath/Ecosim
approach. As basic input data for the Ecopath/Ecosim model, we used estimates of biomass from bottom trawl surveys and age-structured
population models, production/biomass (P/B) ratio, consumption/biomass (Q/B) ratio, diet composition (DC), and fisheries harvests for each component of species or species groups. We estimated the trophic
level of each component, niche overlaps among flatfishes, and the impacts of competition and predation on flatfish species
in the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem. Based on those estimates, we developed the tropho-dynamic structure of the ecosystem,
and the model was used to simulate ecological effects of fishery exploitation patterns. No single flatfish species appeared
to have a profound and uniquely important role in the organization and structure of the ecosystem. Instead, the most important
component among the guild of flatfish species appeared to be yellowfin sole Pleuronectes asper, which had greater biomass than other flatfish and a relatively diverse diet among the small flatfish species. Pacific halibut
Hippoglossus stenolepis, Greenland turbot Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, and arrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stomias were important keystone predators in the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem together with some groups of marine mammals and sea
birds. Intra flatfish complex cannibalism was not observed, however, substantial diet overlaps were common in the flatfish
guild system. 相似文献
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波浪作用下一种鲆鲽类方形网箱水动力特性数值模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对鲆鲽类方形重力式网箱在纯波浪条件下的水动力特性,采用数值模拟的方法对鲆鲽类方形深水重力式网箱的主要部件——浮架系统、配重系统、锚碇系统进行了模拟。将模拟结果与实验结果进行分析比较表明,数模与物模各量值吻合良好,平均相对误差均不超过9%,表明数值模拟的方法能较好地模拟鲆鲽类方形深水重力式网箱的水动力特性。在此基础上,用数值模拟的方法,进一步研究了底框质量和网衣高度的改变对网箱各参数的影响,模拟结果显示,底框质量改变主要影响锚绳受力和底框倾角,底框质量从80 g升至100 g再升至140 g的过程中,锚绳受力平均增幅分别为13%和19%,同时增大底框质量有助于减小底框运动倾角,其平均降幅分别为8.8%和9.3%;网衣高度由20 cm增至30 cm后,锚绳受力平均增加15%,同时网衣的增高导致对浮架和底框的牵制作用加大,使得浮架和底框的运动幅度有所减小,降幅不超过10%。在以上研究结果的基础上,为鲆鲽类网箱的设计与优化提供了参考建议。 相似文献
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PAUL D. SPENCER 《Fisheries Oceanography》2008,17(5):396-410
The general warming of the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) and the wide range of abundance exhibited by several eastern Bering Sea flatfish motivated an examination of how density‐dependent and density‐independent factors may influence the spatial distributions of EBS flatfish. In this study, EBS trawl survey data from 1982 to 2006 were used to examine how temporal changes in the distributions of six flatfish species groups [yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera), rock sole (Lepidopsetta sp.), flathead sole (Hippoglossoides sp.), Alaska plaice (Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus), arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes sp.), and Greenland turbot (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides)] are related to temporal changes in the location of the ‘cold pool’ (bottom water < 2°C), and how the area occupied by flatfish are related to the cold pool and population abundance. Rock sole and flathead sole distributions have generally moved northwest since 1982 and are significantly correlated with the movement of the cold pool, whereas arrowtooth flounder avoid the cold pool and their area occupied is inversely related to the size of the cold pool. The area occupied by arrowtooth flounder and rock sole are also significantly related to stock abundance. Multivariate statistical models indicate that the location of rock sole is more strongly related to stock abundance than to the cold pool, whereas the area occupied by arrowtooth flounder is more strongly related to the area of the cold pool rather than abundance. The temperatures occupied by several flatfish stocks indicate a substantial variability in suitable temperatures. These results suggest that a complex suite of density‐dependent and density‐independent factors may determine the response of EBS flatfish spatial distributions to increasing temperatures. 相似文献