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1.
猪尿液中盐酸克伦特罗残留的ELISA法和GC-MS法检测   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
克伦特罗(Clenbuterol，CL)，是一种人工合成的β2-肾上腺素受体激动剂。其药理作用为松弛支气管平滑肌、增加肺活量、降低气道阻力、增强支气管纤毛运动和促进痰液排出，临床上常用于防治哮喘、肺气肿等呼吸系统疾病。但当其应用剂量达治疗量的5～10倍时，CL可增强肌肉发育，降低脂肪沉积，因此又称为“瘦肉精”，常被作为饲料添加剂非法用于肉用动物的生产之中。更为重要的是，由于CL在动物体内吸收快，分布广，脂溶性高，具有残留性积累和半衰期长等药理特性。人在食用残留CL肉品后引起的中毒事件不断发生。因此，各国政府都禁止CL作为饲料添加剂用于肉用动物的生产中，我国政府也规定严禁在饲料中添加CL。同时制订了CL的最高残留限量标准。为了建立快速、敏感、特异、快速的CL免疫检测方法，本研究应用ELISA法和GC-MS法对照检测饲喂盐酸克伦特罗育肥猪的尿液样品，以确证盐酸克伦特罗快速检测ELISA试剂盒的精确性和稳定性。  相似文献   

2.
盐酸克伦特罗的危害性与检测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
2 0世纪 70年代末 ,美国等发达国家首次对盐酸克伦特罗 ( CL B)开发研究 ,80年代被广泛应用到畜禽生产中。 CL B作为饲料添加剂应用于养殖业在许多省市相当普遍 ,造成动物体内的残留量相当严重 ,并相继发生了食用含CL B猪肉或内脏引起中毒的事例。人食用了残留有 CL B的畜产品对健康造成严重的危害。文章对 CL B理化特性和对人畜的危害性 ,以及应用高效液相、气相色谱法以及电泳和免疫技术对 CL B残留的检测方法进行了概述  相似文献   

3.
青海省养猪生产中盐酸克伦特罗的检测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
盐酸克伦特罗(Clenbuerol，CL)是β类兴奋剂，俗称“瘦肉精”，在动物体内具有调节营养物质的流向和重新分配，促进肌肉组织生长，降低胴体脂肪含量，提高饲料报酬及肉品瘦肉率的作用。然而这种β兴奋剂残留、聚集在动物的可食组织中，人食用后会对肝、肾等内脏器官产生毒害，出现心悸、头疼、目眩、恶心、呕吐、心率加快、肌肉振颤等症状，严重者甚至死亡。中华人民共和国农业部已明令禁止在畜禽饲料中添加CL，但是近几年不法商贩受经济利益的驱使，违法滥用该药品造成中毒的事件时有报道．严重危害养殖业的发展和人民身体健康。笔者应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对青海省重点饲料生产、经营企业和养猪场、屠宰加工厂(点)的猪饲料、饮水和肝组织及尿液中CL的含量进行了检测。  相似文献   

4.
盐酸克伦特罗在动物组织中的残留及检测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
李慧  苏晓鸥 《饲料广角》2004,(15):21-24
综述了盐酸克伦特罗(HCl-clenbuterol,CL)在动物体内的残留及消除特性,指出如何合理选择供检靶组织。介绍了目前常用于检测CL的几种方法及国内外禁用CL的情况,提出要防止CL的滥用,必须增强对CL危害性的认识,完善监督检测体系。  相似文献   

5.
本试验旨在研制同时检测克伦特罗(CL)和莱克多巴胺(RAC)的多残留胶体金免疫层析试纸条(Multistrip).用细胞融合技术筛选CL和RAC杂交瘤细胞株,制备单克隆抗体,金标抗体竞争性膜层析技术研制Multistrip.该试纸条由样品垫、偶联垫、双检测线和质控线标记的NC膜、吸收垫等几部分构成,其中偶联垫上灌注有CL和RAC两种金标单克隆抗体,双检测线由检测抗原CL-OVA和RAC-BSA喷膜构成,间距2 mm.结果表明:多残留试纸条的CL和RAC目测检测限分别为1和2 ng·mL-1,检测时间5～8 min.基质呈阳性的真实样品用单残留试纸条、ELISA和GC-MS检测,结果一致,无假阳性或假阴性案例.该试纸条具有快速、敏感、特异、简便等特点,适合于现场检测和筛选.  相似文献   

6.
盐酸克伦特罗快速检测试纸条   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
盐酸克伦特罗(Clenbuterol,CLB) ,俗名“瘦肉精” ,具有“营养重分配”和“促生长剂”作用 ,20世纪80年代开始被广泛应用于畜禽生产。盐酸克伦特罗在动物体内具有吸收快、分布广、脂溶性高以及残留性积累和半衰期长等药理特性 ,人在食用残留有盐酸克伦特罗的肉品后易发生中毒。1997年以来我国政府先后颁布了一系列禁止使用盐酸克伦特罗的法律法规 ,农牧法 (2001)38号文规定ELISA方法为生猪尿样中盐酸克伦特罗快速筛选检测法。但由于ELISA检测对检测设备、环境条件、操作技能要求高 ,同时还受检测周期长、小批量检测成本高等因素的限制…  相似文献   

7.
盐酸克伦特罗单克隆抗体的制备及检测方法的初步建立   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
选择一种新型载体阳离子化牛血清白蛋白（CBSA）与半抗原盐酸克伦特罗（CL）进行偶联．鉴定后作为免疫原免疫Balb／C小鼠，同时以卵清白蛋白（OVA）与CL偶联制备筛选抗原。应用杂交瘤细胞融合技术筛选后获得了1株稳定分泌抗CL单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株，命名为2H5。抗体的亚类为IgM，腹水及细胞上清间接ELISA效价分别为1：20480和1：320，通过竞争阻断实验证明其具有良好的特异性及敏感性，将半抗原经酶标后应用竞争ELISA方法初步建立了CL的检测方法，检测限可达1ng／mL，为进一步制备CL残留检测试剂盒打下了基础。  相似文献   

8.
动物源食品中抗生素残留检测分析方法的研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
杨秀娟  张曦 《饲料广角》2004,(18):25-27
为了尽量降低药物在肉品中的残留,杜绝其对人类健康的危害,国家有关部门制定了许多相应的法律法规,这就要求肉品检验部门、饲料监督检查部门加强对动物饲料和肉食品中药物残留的检测。另外,随着社会的进步和人们对抗生素残留的日益重视,对肉品中抗生素最大残留限量(MRL)的制定也越来越严格,有的已降到几个μg/kg,有的甚至规定肉品中不能检出抗生素,这就在客观上要求改进传统的检测方法,引进先进的检测仪器,寻求一种快速、精确的检测方法,使得检测结果更加准确、可靠。动物性食品中抗生素残留检测方法主要有3类:第1类为微生物检测法,如杯碟…  相似文献   

9.
为进一步建立克伦特罗(CL)残留检测方法,给制备CL残留检测试剂盒打下基础,进行了CL单克隆抗体(McAb)的制备研究。以重氮反应,将CL与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、鸡卵清白蛋白(OVA)偶联,分别制备免疫原和检测原,并通过杂交瘤技术,获得了5株能稳定分泌特异结合CL小分子的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株(1E9A9、2A9C1、3F2E9、6G2E9、6E10D9)。这5株细胞株经过体外传代培养和冻存复苏后均能稳定分泌抗体。用间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定的这5株细胞上清液抗体效价分别为1:1.28×10~5、1:5.12×10~5、1:1.28×10~5、1:5.12×10~5、1:2.56×10~5;选用3F2E9、6E10D9细胞株,制备CL单克隆抗体腹水并纯化,其纯化后的腹水抗体效价分别为1:1.28×10~5、1:2.56×10~5,BCA(2,2-联喹啉-4,4-二甲酸二钠)方法检测的浓度分别为1.60 mg/mL、1.54 mg/mL;最终通过斑点ELISA(Dot-ELISA)方法测定CL抗原与这2株抗体有较强的结合力。在上述方法的制备及验证下,成功获得了特异性较高的CL单克隆抗体,为进一步研制CL残留检测试剂盒奠定了基础。  相似文献   

10.
盐酸克伦特罗在我国的非法使用及安全评价   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
本文回顾了违禁药物盐酸克伦特罗 (CL)在我国造成的中毒事件及我国政府对其非法使用的综合治理 ,介绍了CL引起食肉中毒的残留剂量范围 ,以及实验动物和人中毒后的一般症状和心脏功能损伤 ,提高人们对CL中毒危害的认识 ,建立以筛选法和确证法检测相结合的市场监管体系和加强综合治理措施是防止CL违禁使用的关键。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

13.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

14.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

15.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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16.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

17.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

18.
A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the gland cisterns and teat cisterns. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

19.
Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone.  相似文献   

20.
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