共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 406 毫秒
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大、小麦对镉的吸收、运输及在籽粒中的积累 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：22
大、小麦是全球最重要的粮食作物 ,生产镉低积累量的大、小麦对人们的健康至关重要 ,因为镉易被大、小麦吸收并在其体内积累。大、小麦籽粒中镉的含量与众多因素有关。根部特性是决定植株吸收镉的关键所在 ,根部特性主要决定于品种特性。根系细胞壁对镉的固定、液泡对镉的钝化、木质部液中镉的向外运输以及镉在穗部韧皮部中再运输共同决定籽粒中镉的含量。本文阐述了镉在植物体内的吸收、运输以及在籽粒中的积累规律 ,并讨论了降低大、小麦籽粒中镉积累的育种与栽培途径 相似文献
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水稻根系细胞膜质子泵在氮磷钾养分吸收中的作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《中国水稻科学》2016,(1)
水稻是我国最重要的粮食作物,其产量的形成与养分的吸收密切相关。氮、磷、钾是植物最重要的三种营养元素,它们在根系的吸收和转运直接影响养分的利用效率。植物细胞膜质子泵能够将细胞质中的H~+泵出细胞,在细胞膜内外形成H~+浓度梯度,建立膜电位,并形成质子驱动力,从而为各种养分离子的跨膜运输提供动力。本文综述了近年来关于水稻根系细胞膜质子泵在铵态氮、磷酸盐和钾离子吸收中的作用机理,为水稻养分利用效率的提高提供理论依据。 相似文献
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植物硒代谢机理及其以小麦为载体进行补硒的策略 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
硒是有机体不可缺少的一种生命元素,经植物吸收后转化为硒蛋白、硒核酸等多种生物大分子以及硒代半胱氨酸和硒代蛋氨酸等生物小分子有机物。大部分硒化合物具有抗氧化功能,可清除生物体内的自由氧,增强免疫力,延缓衰老,保护有机体,因此对植物以及人畜健康具有重要的影响。本文重点论述了植物对硒的吸收、硒在植物体内的转运和代谢机制以及植物对硒的耐性等方面的研究进展,并讨论了以富硒作物小麦为载体进行硒生物强化的有效途径。 相似文献
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不同锌效率基因型水稻籽粒中矿质元素的原位微区分布研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用同步辐射（SRXRF）结合ICP MS研究了足Zn条件下不同锌效率水稻籽粒中Zn及其他矿质元素的微区分布特征。结果表明SRXRF技术可高效分析水稻籽粒锌等矿质元素的微区分布特征。水稻籽粒中K和Ca元素的分布特征与其余4种元素相关不显著,而Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn元素的含量分布相互间则显著相关;水稻籽粒中K含量最高,移动性也最强,精米中K含量可达颖壳的52.6%~90.6%,而Ca在颖壳中含量最高。其余矿质元素含量最高值均出现在糊粉层;Zn、Fe等元素主要集中在水稻籽粒的胚及糊粉层等外层功能组织,在胚乳中由外向里呈递减趋势。此外,锌高效基因型IR8192在水稻籽粒各部位的Zn含量均低于锌低效基因型二九丰。可见,与锌低效品种相比,锌高效品种仅在低Zn水平下表现出更高的锌吸能力及利用效率,在足Zn条件下并无籽粒富锌特征。 相似文献
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Zn Uptake and Translocation in Rice Plants 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient with numerous cellular functions in plants, and its deficiency represents one of the most serious problems in human nutrition worldwide. Zn deficiency causes a decrease in plant growth and yield. On the other hand, Zn could be toxic if excess amounts are accumulated. Therefore, the uptake and transport of Zn must be strictly regulated. In this review, the dominant fluxes of Zn in soil?Croot?Cshoot translocation in rice plants (Oryza sativa) are described, including Zn uptake from soils in the form of Zn2+ and Zn-DMA at the root surface, and Zn translocation to shoots. Knowledge of these fluxes could be helpful to formulate genetic and physiologic strategies to address the widespread problem of Zn-limited crop growth. 相似文献
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叶面施用不同形态锌化合物对稻米锌浓度及有效性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2014年土培条件下,以日本晴、L81和L71为供试材料,开花及花后1周叶面喷施硫酸锌、柠檬酸锌、葡萄糖酸锌和EDTA二钠锌(Zn2+浓度均为0.2%,以喷施等量清水为对照),研究叶面喷施不同形态锌化合物对稻穗不同部位糙米锌浓度及有效性的影响。结果表明,稻穗不同部位糙米锌浓度差异显著,其中稻穗上部糙米锌浓度显著大于稻穗中部和下部,植酸、植酸与锌摩尔比则相反,不同处理趋势一致。与不施锌相比,硫酸锌、柠檬酸锌、葡萄糖酸锌和EDTA二钠锌使所有品种糙米锌浓度平均分别增加33%、31%、26%和27%,其中锌处理对稻穗上、中部糙米锌浓度的影响显著大于稻穗下部,供试材料中以日本晴的响应最大。锌处理对糙米植酸浓度影响较小,但对植酸与锌摩尔比影响较大。与对照相比,硫酸锌、柠檬酸锌、葡萄糖酸锌和EDTA二钠锌使所有品种糙米植酸与锌摩尔比平均分别下降25%、24%、22%和18%,其中稻穗上部和中部的降幅大于稻穗下部,日本晴和L71的降幅大于L81;锌处理×品种和锌处理×品种×部位间互作均达显著水平。以上数据说明,水稻籽粒生长早期喷锌处理可大幅增加糙米锌浓度及其生物有效性,增幅因锌化合物、供试品种以及籽粒在稻穗上的着生部位(以强势粒响应更大)而异。 相似文献
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Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, and anthocyanin is a secondary metabolite compound generally produced under stress conditions; both have benefits to human health. Rice is a staple food crop for most of the world’s population, and purple rice is well known as a natural source of Zn and anthocyanins, but their stability depends upon many factors. This review focuses on the opportunity to increase Zn and anthocyanin compounds in purple rice grains via Zn and nitrogen (N) management during cultivation. Variation in grain Zn concentration and anthocyanin compounds is found among purple rice varieties, thus presenting a challenge for breeding programs aiming at high grain Zn and anthocyanin contents. Genetic engineering has successfully achieved a high-efficiency vector system comprising two regulatory genes and six structural anthocyanin-related genes driven by endosperm-specific promoters to engineer purple endosperm rice that can provide new high-anthocyanin varieties. Grain Zn and anthocyanin concentrations in rice can also be affected by environmental factors during cultivation, e.g., light, temperature, soil salinity and nutrient (fertilizer) management. Applying N and Zn fertilizer is found to influence the physiological mechanisms of Zn absorption, uptake, transport and remobilization to promote grain Zn accumulation in rice, while N application can improve anthocyanin synthesis by promoting its biosynthesis pathway via the use of phenylalanine as a precursor. In summary, there is an opportunity to improve both grain Zn and anthocyanin in purple rice by appropriate management of Zn and N fertilizers during cultivation for specific varieties. 相似文献
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【目的】探明不同氮利用率水稻品种的氮素积累与转运特征及其机制。【方法】2个氮高效品种(武运粳30号和连粳7号)和2个氮低效品种(扬粳4038和宁粳1号)种植于大田,设置2个施氮量：全生育期不施氮(0N)和全生育期施氮180kg/hm2(180N),比较分析了不同氮利用率粳稻品种干物质生产、氮素积累与转运差异及其机制。【结果】与氮低效品种相比,氮高效品种具有较高的产量、氮肥利用率、总颖花量和结实率,较高的花前干物质转运量和花后干物质积累量,分蘖至穗分化始期和抽穗至成熟期较高的净同化率和作物生长率,抽穗期较高的糖花比,灌浆期较高的籽粒库活性、籽粒中脱落酸与1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸含量的比值和茎鞘中较高的非结构性碳水化合物的转运和蔗糖合成相关酶活性以及蔗糖转运蛋白基因的表达量,抽穗后较高的氮转运、氮素吸收量,灌浆期较高的比叶氮含量、叶片中细胞分裂素含量、氮代谢酶活性以及氮素转运相关基因的表达量。【结论】氮高效品种穗分化前和抽穗后较高的物质生产效率以及灌浆期较高的碳氮转运与积累是产量和氮肥利用率协同提高的重要机制。 相似文献
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G．CHANDEL S．BANERJEE S．SEE R．MEENA D．J．SHARMA S．B．VERULKAR 《水稻科学》2010,17(3):213-227
Deposition of protein and metal ions (Fe, Zn) in rice grains is a complex polygenic trait showing considerable environmental effect. To analyze the effect of nitrogen application levels and native soil properties on rice grain protein, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) contents, 32 rice genotypes were grown at three different locations each under 80 and 120 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer applications. In treatments with nitrogen fertilizer application, the brown rice grain protein content (GPC) increased significantly (1.1% to 7.0%) under higher nitrogen fertilizer application (120 kg/hm2) whereas grain Fe/Zn contents showed non-significant effect of nitrogen application level, thus suggesting that the rate of uptake and translocation of macro-elements does not influence the uptake and translocation of micro-elements. The pH, organic matter content and inherent Fe/Zn levels of native soil showed significant effects on grain Fe and Zn contents of all the rice genotypes. Grain Zn content of almost all the tested rice genotypes was found to increase at Location III having loamy soil texture, neutral pH value (pH 6.83) and higher organic matter content than the other two locations (Locations I and II), indicating significant influence of native soil properties on brown rice grain Zn content while grain Fe content showed significant genotype × environment interaction effect. Genotypic difference was found to be the most significant factor to affect grain Fe/Zn contents in all the tested rice genotypes, indicating that although native soil properties influence phyto-availability of micronutrients and consequently influencing absorption, translocation and grain deposition of Fe/Zn ions, yet genetic makeup of a plant determines its response to varied soil conditions and other external factors. Two indica rice genotypes R-RF-31 (27.62 μg/g grain Zn content and 7.80% GPC) and R1033-968-2-1 (30.05 μg/g grain Zn content and 8.47% GPC) were identified as high grain Zn and moderate GPC rice genotypes. These results indicate that soil property and organic matter content increase the availability of Fe and Zn in rhizosphere, which in turn enhances the uptake, translocation and redistribution of Fe/Zn into rice grains. 相似文献