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1.
Blaha T Meemken D Dickhaus CP Klein G 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2007,114(8):309-316
The recent crises in the meat industry due to meat-associated risks such as salmonella, nitrofen and dioxin prove that the traditional ante- and post mortem inspection of slaughter animals and carcasses is not any longer able to recognise and prevent the risks of today. Therefore, the EU Commission has issued Reg. (EC) 853/2004 and Reg. (EC) 854/2004 that regulate the transition of the traditional meat inspection, which demands inspecting each individual carcass in the same way, to a risk-based meat inspection, which is using relevant pieces of information about the previous production stages for making risk-based decisions on the intensity of the inspection of slaughter pig batches. The new EU legislation is not any longer prescribing exactly the inspection procedure, but defines the food safety goals. The consequence is that there are still various ideas and opinions on how to implement a reasonable risk-based meat inspection, and, in particular, on how to design the "relevant food chain information". The present paper is describing the legal framework and the objectives of the risk-based meat inspection, and proposals for designing the food chain information for the implementation of the risk-based ante- and post-mortem meat inspection are made and discussed. 相似文献
2.
Meintjes RA 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,193(2):344-348
The degree of depolarisation in a nociceptor created by a painful stimulus is influenced by numerous substances, including nerve growth factor, prostanoids, substance P and a range of inflammatory mediators. In the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, the frequency of an action potential may be increased or decreased by neurotransmitters, including substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, galanin, γ-amino butyric acid and glycine, as well as pro-inflammatory substances. The perception of pain can also be altered in the brain, where the sensation of pain is cognitively integrated. A range of analgesic drugs with different mechanisms of action are available for selection by veterinarians for pain relief. 相似文献
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4.
以酪蛋白为研究对象，选取复合风味蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、菠萝
蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶共7 种食品级蛋白酶，对牛乳酪蛋白进行酶解。通过牛乳过敏患者血清池，评估酶解产物致敏
原性，同时结合水解产物的分子质量分布、水解度、残留表位信息等指标，筛选出最适合用于生产低致敏酪蛋白产
品的蛋白酶。结果表明：在相同条件下经胰凝乳蛋白酶、复合风味蛋白酶处理后酪蛋白与特异性抗体结合能力降低
程度最大，可用于后续低致敏酪蛋白制备的候选蛋白酶；结合T细胞表位预测结果，对酪蛋白水解产物进一步分析
发现，酪蛋白经过胰凝乳蛋白酶酶解后，仅剩余1 条大于9 个氨基酸的T细胞表位肽段LHSMKEGIHAQQK。 相似文献
5.
ELISA(酶联免疫吸附)法是畜产品安全检测常用检测方法,商品化的试剂盒为检测工作提供了极大的方便。本文就ELISA法试剂盒检出限、交叉反应率、精密度和准确度等技术指标的定义及计算进行详细的阐述,旨在使从事畜产品安全检测人员能够正确使用试剂盒开展检测工作,确保检测结果的准确性。 相似文献
6.
Webbon P 《Equine veterinary journal》2012,44(1):8-12
The understanding and application of genetics have grown extremely quickly since it has become possible to sequence the whole genome of an organism. The human genome sequence was completed in 2001 and that of the horse in 2007. The significance of this is that it makes it more feasible to explain how both genetically simple and complex traits are transmitted from one generation to the next and, therefore, to make informed breeding decisions, modify how horses are managed and trained to minimise the risk of disease and injury, and improve methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of many conditions. The science of genetics/genomics will continue to grow internationally, limited only by the funds available. The application of the science to man, horses and other species raises very complex moral and commercial issues. Thoroughbred breeders are perceived by some as resistant to change, but their apparent intransigence is often based on a genuine concern for the integrity of the breed. By taking control of the application of the advances in genetics, the Thoroughbred industry potentially has the opportunity to improve both the health and performance of Thoroughbreds. If, however, the science is applied in an uncoordinated manner, driven by commercial interests with no underlying concern for the horses themselves, there is a very real risk that breeders, the Thoroughbred breed and individual horses will all suffer as a consequence. 相似文献
7.
Szulowski K Iwaniak W Pilaszek J Truszczyński M Chrobocińska M 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1999,22(1):33-40
Hare brucellosis is caused primarily by Brucella suis biovar 2. Hares along with wild boars are the natural reservoir of this microorganism. In view of restriction of applicability of traditional serological methods the work aimed to develop the ELISA to examine hare sera for the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen obtained from the strain S19 of Brucella abortus and the conjugate of antibodies against rabbit immunoglobulin with horseradish peroxidase were used in the test. Hares' sera positive and negative in the CFT were used as controls of the ELISA. The sera collected from 9 hares suspected to be infected with Brucella organisms, positive in CFT (in this number 7 hares revealed clinical symptoms or anathomopathological lesions characteristic of brucellosis), 6 sera from hares showing no symptoms of the disease, negative in CFT and 520 sera from hares monitored for brucellosis were tested. All serum samples from hares suspected for Brucella infection were positive in ELISA and 2 of them were negative in RBPT. Additionally among the samples from hares monitored 12 sera were positive in ELISA and CFT, whereas 9 sera from 12 ones were also positive in the RBPT. The obtained results indicated that the ELISA developed in our laboratory proved to be equivalent in specificity to CFT. In addition, ELISA proved to be more sensitive than RBPT for the diagnosis of Brucella infection in hares. 相似文献
8.
Optimum conditions for the radioimmunoprecipitation assay for the major internal protein of bovine leukemia virus 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The sensitivity of the radioimmunoprecipitation assay for the major internal protein (p24) of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was examined. Conditions were varied for the assay by 1) using larger amounts of serum and 2) increasing the amount of second antibody. Sensitivity for the p24 radioimmunoprecipitation test was greatest when 10 microliter of test serum and 200 microliter of rabbit anti-bovine IgG were used. Under these conditions there were no discrepancies between the p24 radioimmunoprecipitation test and the radioimmunoprecipitation test for the surface glycoprotein (gp51) in 380 cattle from commercial dairy herds. 相似文献
9.
There are several drugs available for the treatment of giardiasis in cats, including metronidazole. The purpose of this study was to determine whether metronidazole benzoate administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg, orally, twice a day for 7 days lessens or eliminates Giardia cyst shedding in cats with chronic infection. Twenty-six, adult, laboratory-reared cats were used in this study. Sixteen cats had been inoculated orally with cysts of a human Giardia sp. isolate and had completed a Giardia vaccine study in one animal holding room. The other ten cats were infected with the same Giardia sp. presumably by contamination from the adjacent room where the Giardia vaccine study cats were located. From each cat, a fecal sample was collected within 1 week of the start of treatment and then every 2 to 4 days for 15 days after treatment was completed. Fecal samples were analyzed for the presence of Giardia cysts using a commercially available direct immunofluorescence test (IFA). Clinical signs of drug toxicity were not detected during the study. 相似文献
10.
The nutritional requirements of most mammals exhibit a remarkable degree of similarity, a reflection of common evolutionary origin. However, among mammals two groups, ruminants and carnivores, appear to possess the greatest divergence in dietary requirements. The former group have been extensively studied, their nutritional peculiarities arising from a specialized pregastric digestive system. Carnivores have been largely neglected by nutritionists, and yet offer a most interesting divergence in dietary requirements amongst mammals. It would appear that the specialized diet, i.e. animal tissue, of true carnivores has permitted metabolic adaptation through modification of enzymes and enzyme systems which are expressed as peculiarities in nutritional requirements. The purpose of this paper is to review the metabolic basis for some of the nutritional peculiarities of the domestic cat, a true carnivore which has received the most attention. The following nutrients, or metabolic functions, are discussed: vitamin A, niacin, taurine, arginine, gluconeogenesis, nitrogen conservation and essential fatty acids. The latter two topics are covered by other discussants at this symposium and are only included here for completeness. The reader is requested to consult the relevant papers of Rogers & Morris (1982) and Rivers (1982). 相似文献
11.
林涌谋 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(3):186-189
学生党建工作是新形势下高校学生思想政治工作最为有效的途径之一。中国高职教育历史较短,高职院校学生党建工作在不断加强和改进,当前比较突出的问题是：学生在校时间短而党员培养发展时间长的矛盾、学生利己意识与党员利他需要的矛盾、学生文化素质落后与党员先进性要求的矛盾、学校党建重发展轻培养的矛盾。针对这些问题,高职院校要采取党建知识教育前移,健全党建组织网络,切实加强党员先进性再教育等对策给予解决。 相似文献
12.
RJ DOBSON RB BESIER EH BARNES SCJ LOVE A VIZARD K BELL LF Le JAMBRE 《Australian veterinary journal》2001,79(11):756-761
OBJECTIVE: To provide principles for the appropriate use of avermectin/milbemycin or macrocyclic lactone (ML) anthelmintics in sheep, to ensure effective worm control and to minimise selection for ML resistance. STRATEGY: The principles were based on an assessment of the information currently available. The MLs were categorised into three groups (ivermectin [IVM], abamectin [ABA] and moxidectin [MOX]) based on structural differences, persistence and efficacy against ML resistant strains. The reported order of activity or efficacy against ML resistant worm strains was IVM相似文献
13.
P Very R Bocquentin G Duvallet 《Revue d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux》1990,43(3):325-329
The double microcentrifugation technique, described by KRATZER and ONDIEK (1989) for the parasitological diagnosis of trypanosomes, has been tested both in the laboratory and in the field. The limits of detection obtained here were not as low as those described in the original experiment, but the sensitivity of this technique for the detection of Trypanosoma brucei, T. congolense and T. vivax was better than the phase contrast buffy coat method. This technique, which is easy to apply in the field, is highly recommended, especially for epidemiological surveys. A protocol and a list of equipment are included. 相似文献
14.
R R Pascoe 《Equine veterinary journal》1983,15(1):40-42
Within a group of 130 mares which, in the event, carried twin pregnancies, 29 (22.3 per cent) produced their twins following diagnosis of a single palpable follicle at service and a single pregnancy 42 days later. The whole group of 130 twin-pregnant mares gave birth to only 17 live foals (13 per cent). Breeding results for the following season were available for 102 of these mares, when 38 (37 per cent) produced live foals. Thus over the two seasons an average 23 per cent of this group produced live foals. In a second group, comprising 70 mares, twin pregnancy had been diagnosed in all of them by rectal palpation. Five methods of treatment were then applied to five subgroups of mares and 20 (28 per cent) of the 70 mares produced live foals that season. Breeding results for the following season were available for 53 of these mares; 33 (61 per cent) then produced live foals. Thus over the two seasons an average 46 per cent of the treated group produced live foals. The administration of a prostaglandin analogue at less than 35 days of gestation was outstandingly successful as a method of treatment. 相似文献
15.
B Skalka 《Veterinární medicína》1985,30(8):477-484
A simplified scheme for the subdivision of coagulase-positive staphylococci and another simplified scheme for the diagnostics of coagulase-negative species were worked out. On the basis of the production of staphylokinase, coagulation of human and bovine plasma, acetoin production from glucose, and growth on agar with crystal violet, it is possible to identify S. aureus with its biovars A, B, C1, C2, D, as well as S. intermedius. The coagulase-negative species can be diagnosed according to their sensitivity to novobiocin, nitrate reduction, fermentation of maltose, sucrose, salicin, xylose, trehalose, mannitol and mannose, and haemolytic activity. The proposed diagnostic schemes were verified with success on the collection strains and on the 1305 staphylococci strains isolated largely from the bovine mammary gland, from dogs, man and domestic fowl. In S. aureus strains a close correlation was demonstrated between their biotype characteristics and the host species. A similar correlation was determined for S. intermedius. As to the coagulase-negative species, S. epidermidis, S. hominis and S. haemolyticus were diagnosed most frequently. Both schemes represent a reliable, prompt and technically simple method of the diagnostics of the Staphylococcus microorganisms. 相似文献
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17.
E Brummerstedt 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1976,17(4):395-402
Counterimmunoelectrophoresis as a test method for making the diagnosis of plasmacytosis in mink demands the specific virus antigen. The method for preparation of the antigen according to Cho & Ingram (1972 a, b) with minor modifications is described in details, and results obtained at 62 antigen preparations are presented. In addition an ultrafiltration method is outlined which may be useful as a replacement for ultracentrifugation procedures used in the technique described by Cho & Ingram (1974). 相似文献
18.
Waberski D Petrounkina A Weitze KF Töpfer-Petersen E 《Tier?rztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere》1999,27(1):1-7
The prediction of fertility is a primary goal in the field of reproductive medicine. The aim of the present paper is to describe the value of conventional and modern sperm analysis systems considering the process of fertilization. The classical assessment of motility and morphology enables the rough estimation of semen quality in order to select ejaculates for the use in artificial insemination. Recent methods for sperm diagnosis, such as fluorescent marking for the detection of sperm plasma membrane integrity, the hypoosmotic swelling test, and computer assisted semen analysis allow for the evaluation of a large number of spermatozoa and the assessment of sperm dynamics under in vitro-fertilization conditions. The oocyte penetration test investigates the ability of spermatozoa for capacitation, hyperactivation and acrosome reaction in vitro. The amount of specific seminal plasma proteins is related to fertility and thereby provides an additional semen evaluation method. For the use of a given semen test the specific in vitro condition has to be considered. In addition, the evaluated criteria relevant for the process of fertilization need to be defined. The combination of selected semen tests gives a higher accuracy for the prediction of fertilizing capacity compared with a single test. 相似文献
19.
大脑皮质神经元培养中胰蛋白酶消化分离技术的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨大脑皮质神经元培养中胰蛋白酶消化分离法的最佳条件, 取新生大鼠大脑皮质组织，在不同的胰蛋白酶消化条件下分离培养神经元，通过细胞形态观察以及染色计数比较不同消化条件对神经元活性的影响。结果表明，0.25％胰蛋白酶，37℃，5 min消化分离的神经元活性较好，细胞产率也较高。在新生大鼠大脑皮质神经元培养时，采用0.25％胰蛋白酶，37℃，5 min可消化分离到单层、生长活性较好的神经元。 相似文献
20.
In this study the effect of artificial selection on BLUP EBV for production traits on the allele frequencies of a pleiotropic QTL affecting both production and disease susceptibility was investigated. Stochastic simulations were used to model artificial selection on a production trait that is controlled, in part, by a biallelic QTL that also controls susceptibility to disease. The QTL allele increasing production also increased susceptibility to disease. Different modes of action and proportions of variation accounted for by the QTL were assessed for the production trait. The main results indicated that alleles that confer susceptibility to the disease could be maintained in the population over a long period, depending on the mode of action of the QTL. In addition, the results of the study indicate that, under various conditions, it is possible to find pleiotropic QTL that control 2 traits despite these traits appearing to be uncorrelated. Therefore, in practice, an estimate of the genetic correlation between 2 traits may be misleading when the presence of such a QTL exists. The results of this study have implications for breeding programs. For example, if a pleiotropic QTL exists that favors heterozygotes for a production trait, it would be very difficult to remove disease susceptibility alleles via traditional selection methods. 相似文献