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1.
赭曲霉(Aspergillus ochraceus)不仅能够引起谷物霉腐,而且能够代谢产生具有强肾毒性、致癌、致畸、致突变的赭曲霉毒素A (ochratoxinA,OTA),严重危害人类健康.然而,赭曲霉也能够发酵应用于甾体转化和生产木葡聚糖酶等有益方面.为深入解析赭曲霉中OTA的生物合成与调控机制以及探索其有益的基因资源,本研究基于同源重组的原理,利用聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)介导的原生质体转化方法成功构建了赭曲霉的遗传转化体系.基于赭曲霉对潮霉素的敏感性,本研究选择以潮霉素抗性基因作为赭曲霉遗传转化体系的筛选标记基因,筛选浓度为70 μg/mL以上,为保障筛选的稳定性和减少假阳性,选择浓度100 μg/mL的潮霉素进行筛选.赭曲霉原生质体的质量和浓度是转化成功的必备条件,本研究优化2％蜗牛酶和2％纤维素酶为原生质体制备的适宜细胞壁酶解条件.本研究采用融合PCR和巢式PCR技术获得目的基因上下游和潮霉素抗性基因相融合的拟转化DNA片段,利用PEG介导的原生质体转化方法将拟转化DNA片段转化入赭曲霉原生质体,经潮霉素抗性筛选、PCR测序验证鉴定是否为阳性转化子.赭曲霉遗传转化体系的成功构建为今后赭曲霉在OTA生物合成及其分子调控机制和工业生产应用研究的开展提供了有利的技术保障. 相似文献
2.
高抗重金属盐的微紫青霉菌(Penicillium janthinellum)菌株GXCR的遗传转化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我们曾分离到一株高抗多种重金属盐的微紫青霉菌(Penicillium janthinellum)菌株GXCR。本研究在该菌株中建立了基于携带苯菌灵抗性基因(Benr)的质粒pCPXBN-1、聚乙二醇(PEG)介导的原生质体转化体系。原生质体的产量和再生的最佳条件是酶解液中的酶浓度在0.6%~0.8%(纤维素酶∶蜗牛酶=1∶1)、孢子萌发后培养24 h的菌体和0.05 mol/L二硫苏半糖醇(DTT)预处理。最佳转化组合条件为3×108原生质体/mL,50μg质粒DNA组合条件下,40%PEG4000,山梨糖醇(sorbitol)-三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷盐酸盐(Tris-HCl)-氯化钙(CaCl2)缓冲液(STC)[1 mol/L sorbitol,50 mmol/L Tris-HCl(pH 7.0),50 mmol/L CaCl2],室温转化20 min。在此条件下的转化效率为0.3个转化子/μg DNA。 相似文献
3.
绿色木霉的原生质体制备与转化条件 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)原生质体制备和再生的条件进行了较详细的分析,并在此基础上进行了木霉的转化.结果表明,木霉原生质体形成的合适条件为培养24 h的菌丝用4 mg/mL的Glucanex在磷酸盐缓冲液中(pH 6.98)、30℃、振荡(40 r/min)酶解4 h,原生质体产量达到4.7×107个/mg.原生质体在0.3 mol/L肌醇和0.3 mol/L KCl的CM培养基上再生率为14.5%.对绿色木霉原生质体的激发子基因转化,其转化率为每微克DNA得到1～2个转化子.转化子的PCR鉴定以及激发子抗体的特异酶联免疫测定(ELISA)结果,表明外源基因已转入绿色木霉并有稳定产物表达. 相似文献
4.
苹果腐烂病菌是引起我国苹果腐烂病的主要病原真菌,对苹果产业造成了严重的经济损失。为有效控制病害的发生,本试验研究了VmHMG对苹果腐烂病菌的生长发育及致病性的影响。本研究通过融合PCR技术将苹果腐烂病菌HMG-box基因上下游片段与及潮霉素筛选标记基因Hpt片段,构建敲除载体,利用聚乙二醇(PEG)介导的原生质体转化,再经潮霉素初筛、PCR扩增和Southern杂交验证,最终从95个转化子中得到2株敲除突变体Δ1-5、Δ2-22,敲除效率为2.1%。与野生菌株相比,Δ1-5、Δ2-22在菌落颜色、子实体产生等方面没有发生明显变化;突变株平均生长速率分别下降了10.8%和19.8%,但致病性分别增加了48.5%和56.2%。由此可知,VmHMG基因缺失抑制了苹果腐烂病菌的生长,增强了其致病性,对其他性状影响不明显。本研究通过获得VmHMG基因敲除突变体,初步分析了该基因的功能,为明确病菌的生长发育及致病作用机制奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
5.
棉花农杆菌基因转化体系的优化和转苜蓿抗菌肽基因(alfAFP)植株的获得 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了优化根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导的棉花(Gossypium hirsutumL.)下胚轴切段的基因转化体系,以苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)抗菌肽基因(alflafa antifungul peptide,alfAFP)为目标,利用γ-葡萄糖甘酸酶基因(gus)和潮霉素抗性基因(Hpt)的检测方法,分析了根癌农杆菌菌种、菌液浓度、浸染下胚轴的时间、共培养中乙酰丁香酮(AS)的浓度、共培养温度和时间等因子对基因转化的影响.优化分析表明,用农杆菌菌株LBA4404,当OD_(600)值为0.5～0.7的菌液浸染5～7日龄的棉花无菌苗下胚轴切段10～15 min.在含200 μmol/L AS的共培养基中21℃暗培养60h,可更有效地提高转化率.经上述条件处理的下胚轴在含50 mg/L潮霉素的愈伤诱导培养基上培养3周可产生转化率最高的愈伤组织.愈伤组织经分化培养获得15株再生棉花,经过PCR和PCR-Southern分析.发现其中12株含有外源基因alfAFP. 相似文献
6.
摘要:将一个2.8 kb的CaMV35S启动子/SchiA编码区/Nos终止区融合基因插入到植物转化载体pCAMBIA1301的多克隆酶切位点，得到1个14.6 kb的新植物转化质粒pBG1112,用花器介导法转化水稻（Oryza sativa ），经PCR检测，初步证实已将目的基因整合到受体植物的基因组中。一部分转基因T3代潮霉素抗性阳性植株对水稻纹枯病(Rhizoctonia solani )和稻瘟病（Pyricularia oryzae）的抗性较非转化对照增强。RT-PCR表明抗病性植株为阳性，而不抗病的植株为阴性。将RT-PCR产物测序后，用BLAST软件分析序列可知，该序列为细菌几丁质酶基因核苷酸序列而不是植物几丁质酶基因的核苷酸序列。T4代转基因水稻的几丁质酶活力高于对照未转基因植株，表明转入的外源几丁质酶基因能正常表达。 相似文献
7.
农杆菌介导的CFL(Cucumber-FLO-LFY)基因遗传转化大岩桐 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立和优化了农杆菌(A grobacterium tumefaciens)介导的大岩桐(Sinningia speciosa)遗传转化方法,司时将CFL(Cucumber-FLO-LFY)基因转入大岩桐中,期望获得提早开花的转基因植株.采用双酶切法将CFL基因连接到质粒载体pCAMBIA13011上,得到具有CaMV35S组成型启动子的植物表达载体pCA-CFL.以大岩桐无菌苗叶片为材料,进行潮霉素(hygromycin,Hyg)浓度梯度培养,确认20mg/L hyg为筛选压.采用超声波处理、农杆菌液浸泡等多种方法进行大岩桐转基因,GUS检测结果表明,超声波处理10 s的方法转化效率最高.转化后的叶片进行诱导培养并经过2轮Hyg筛选后,获得一批Hyg抗性再生植株.进一步用PCR、斑点杂交检测发现,CFL基因已整合到大岩桐基因组中.将转基因大岩桐移栽到盆中并在长日照的环境下生长直至开花.经分析表明,超过71%的转基因大岩桐比野生型提早26～32 d开花,且大部分的转基因植株不形成侧枝而是直接在顶端成花.研究结果提示,CFL基因和LEAFY(LFY)基因在功能上是同源的. 相似文献
8.
白藜芦醇是具有抗病及多种保健功能的芪类次生代谢物,胡萝卜(Daucus carota var.sativa)则是富含β胡萝卜素等多种营养成分的重要蔬菜。研究着眼于创建具有白藜芦醇保健功能的胡萝卜新种质资源,在对葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)白藜芦醇合成酶(resveratrol synthase,RS)基因在胡萝卜中高效表达的密码子优化基础上构建无潮霉素磷酸转移酶(HPT)抗性基因的转化载体pCB-RS-hyg-,应用根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导法将pCB和pCB-RS-hyg-共转化到胡萝卜并获得再生植株。经过T0、T1和T2代的逐代筛选,获得2个白藜芦醇含量较高(11.34和15.23mg/g)的转基因胡萝卜株系。 相似文献
9.
本研究从哈茨木霉（rrichoderma harzianMm）A25—2总RNA中利用RT—PCR的方法扩增到其纤维二糖水解酶I基因的cDNA序列,并对该基因编码的氨基酸序列进行分析,得到cbhI基因中编码催化功能域的序列。将催化功能域编码序列克隆到表达载体pCP—GH中,用PEG—CaCl2介导的原生质体转化方法将重组质粒转化到绿色木霉（Trichoderma viride）HP35—3中,筛选得到12个转化子。以P-NPC为底物,测定了该12个转化子的酶活力,获得比活力最高的转化子Tv／CDHI-CBM-5,其纤维二糖水解酶活力是HP35—3的3．8倍。SDS—PAGE分析表明,绿色木霉表达了导入的含A25—2纤维二糖水解酶I催化功能域的编码序列。 相似文献
10.
为建立高效稳定的蜜蜂球囊菌似scosphaeraapis）遗传转化体系,构建具有不同表型特征的球囊菌转化子,本实验对影响蜜蜂球囊菌菌株原生质体制备及再生的因子进行了系统的研究,同时对蜜蜂球囊菌原生质体的释放及再生过程进行了显微观察。结果表明,采用液体培养基进行24h培养的蜜蜂球囊菌菌体,在28℃条件下,应用50mg／mL的崩溃酶,经4h酶解所制备的原生质体释放量最大,达到34．00×10^5／mL。在上述条件下,采用0．8mol／L柠檬酸与NaCl的混合液作为稳渗剂,原生质体的再生率也较高,达到53．06％。蜜蜂球囊菌以菌丝断裂方式释放原生质体,原生质体再生时表现为原生质体先是突出,其后延长,并最终发育成为正常菌丝。本实验首次优化了蜜蜂球囊菌原生质体制备实验流程及原生质体再生最佳条件,为深入研究蜜蜂球囊菌的致病机理及寻找蜜蜂球囊菌致病相关基因奠定基础。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
19.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
20.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献