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新城疫(ND)和H5亚型高致病性禽流感(AI)是危害我国养禽业的主要疫病,目前几乎所有规模化蛋鸡场都进行疫苗的接种预防,临床上评价ND和AI免疫效果的重要指标就是疫苗免疫后抗体的血凝抑制(HI)效价.近年来,我国对H5亚型禽流感实施了强制免疫策略,目前使用的疫苗为Re-4+Re-5双价灭活疫苗.因此,为了解江苏蛋鸡群中ND和H5亚型AI免疫抗体的水平,我们分别以新城疫病毒LaSota、H5亚型禽流感的Re-4和Re-5诊断抗原作为4单位病毒,对近两年来采集的血清样品进行了抗体HI效价的测定,以了解当前规模化蛋鸡群中疫病防治的水平,进而为ND和AI的防控提供有益参考. 相似文献
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新城疫（ND）是危害我国养禽业的主要疫病之一,在我国由于疫苗的广泛使用,ND的发病率和死亡率均得到了较好的控制。我国用于新城疫预防的疫苗种类相对较多,临床上评价ND疫苗的免疫效果的重要指标就是疫苗免疫后血清的HI抗体效价。 相似文献
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<正>1引言:毫无疑问,新城疫(ND)是造成养禽业巨大经济损失的重要疫病之一。尽管该病早在85年前就被人们所认识,病原体为禽副黏病毒1型(AMPV-1)的成员,仅有一个血清型,已有多种类型的商品化疫苗可供使用,但是,新城疫仍持续在全球范围内对兽医工作者和养禽生产者构成威胁和挑战。在养禽业发展的初期,养禽业者的主要目标是防止新城疫给家禽造成高死亡率。随着与该病防控相关的科技进步,养禽业开始不仅仅关注ND疫苗的有 相似文献
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正鸡新城疫(ND)、鸡传染性支气管炎(IB)、鸡减蛋综合征(EDS)和禽流感(AI)是危害养禽业最主要的传染病,具有高致病力和高死亡率特点,造成严重的经济损失,现在针对新型疫苗毒株不断出现,在养殖实际中需要科学的免疫程序,以便充分发挥新疫苗的免疫效力。哈药集团生物疫苗有限公司(以下简称哈药疫苗)推出了鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、减蛋综合征、禽 相似文献
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新城疫(ND)是由新城疫病毒(NDV)引起的禽类的一种以呼吸道、消化道黏膜出血为典型症状的急性传染病,是危害养禽业的重要的疫病之一。近年来,随着新城疫活苗和油乳剂灭活苗的广泛应用,禽类典型新城疫的发病率越来越少,但是在免疫鸡群发生非典型ND却越来越普遍,给养鸡业造成很大经济损失。针对免疫鸡群中非典型ND的普遍发生,学者们众说纷纭,有的认为存在超强毒,有的认为存在一种新型病原,有的认为由于并发症如大肠杆菌病的发生,使本来不能致病的疫苗株变成致病株,还有的观点是免疫失败所致。为了探索病因,西北农林科技大学禽病研究室2000年从ND免疫鸡群中分离了一株ND强毒株, 相似文献
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新城疫(Newcastle disease,ND)是一种烈性病毒性家禽传染病,曾被世界动物卫生组织(OIE)列为A类传染病.本病自1926年首次发现以来,已经在世界范围内多次流行,给养禽业造成了巨大的经济损失[1].免疫接种是控制ND的主要手段.目前常用的有弱毒疫苗、中等毒力疫苗和灭活疫苗等常规疫苗,虽然商品鸡群多次进行免疫接种,但由于环境中强毒的存在,仍有可能感染新城疫病毒,造成ND以不同的形式发生和流行.为了弥补常规疫苗的不足,国内外一些实验室从20世纪80年代末开始研制ND基因工程疫苗,在DNA疫苗、亚单位疫苗和活载体疫苗等方面都进行了有益的探索.在重组活载体疫苗研究中,NDV主要免疫保护性抗原F和HN已在多种载体系统中得到表达. 相似文献
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The prevalence of Salmonella in fresh pork cuttings in Denmark in the years 2002 and 2006 was investigated at retail and compared with the retail supply pattern. A total of 1025 and 3473 samples were taken in 2002 from butcher's shops and supermarkets, respectively. The corresponding numbers in 2006 were 259 from butchers' shops and 628 from supermarkets. In 2002, 1.2% of all samples were positive for Salmonella; butchers' shops and supermarkets had 1.8% and 1.0% positive samples, respectively. The overall prevalence in 2006 was 4.2%, with prevalence of 8.1% and 2.6% for butchers' shops and supermarkets, respectively. Hence, increases around 3- to 5-fold were found. There was neither observed any parallel increase in Salmonella positive carcasses in Danish slaughterhouses during the study period, nor were any changes in supply routes towards slaughterhouses with higher prevalence observed, which could explain the apparent increase. We hypothesize that hygiene levels and ability to avoid cross-contamination and prevent growth of the organism, in the meat processing chain after slaughter were the most likely responsible factors. Results from this study indicate that the hygiene performance, particularly at retail, has a significant impact on the occurrence of Salmonella. This implies that there is no direct link between slaughterhouse Salmonella surveillance data and the level of Salmonella contamination at retail. To improve risk assessment of Salmonella in fresh pork meat, this study underlines the need for comprehensive retail data. 相似文献
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Helminth and protozoan parasites in dogs and cats in Belgium 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study investigates the level of helminthic and protozoal infestation over the last 10 years in strays, well-cared-for dogs and cats. Determination of the prevalence of infections was based either on faecal examination or on worm counts at necropsy. Of 2324 faecal flotations (NaCl sp.gr. 1.20) of stray dogs, 34.2% had eggs or proglottids of one or more worm species consisting of Toxocara canis (17.4%), Toxascaris leonina (10.1%), Uncinaria stenocephala (11.4%), Trichuris vulpis (7.0%) and cestodes (2.1%). Isospora oocysts were observed in 5.2% of the dogs. The data on the distribution of the various worm species in the positive dogs indicate that T. canis eggs were by far the most common (50.9%). Necropsy data from 212 infected dogs indicate that 38.9% were infected with T. canis and 33.7% with T. leonina. The overall prevalence of worm infestation of 246 well-cared-for kennel dogs, based on worm egg counts by the McMaster technique, was 36.1%. Of 30 feline faecal samples examined by flotation, 83.3% were positive for parasites, including Toxocara cati (60%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (36.6%), Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis (20%) and coccidia (30%). Toxocara cati was the most frequently found worm species at the necropsy of 25 cats (52%). Toxoplasma was not observed. 相似文献
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Yong Wu Na-Jiao Zhao Yan Cao Zhuo Sun Qin Wang Zhao-Ying Liu Zhi-Liang Sun 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(2):208-214
Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (Cmax, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their Cmax (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (Css) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance. 相似文献
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Chlortetracycline in swine-bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in fasted and fed pigs 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
C. R. KILROY W. F. HALL D. P. BANE R. F. BEVILL G. D. KORITZ 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1990,13(1):49-58
Chlortetracycline hydrochloride was administered intra-arterially (11 mg/kg) and as an oral drench (33 mg/kg) to ten 21.0-31.5-kg pigs. Five of the pigs were fasted 18 h prior to dosing and five of the pigs were fed ad libitum prior to dosing. The mean volume of distribution determined by area-under-the-curve calculations for the fasted pigs (0.967 +/- 0.210 l/kg) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than the mean volume of distribution for the fed pigs (1.39 +/- 0.31 l/kg). Mean total body clearance of the drug was also significantly less (P less than 0.05) in the fasted pigs (0.165 +/- 0.055 l/kg/h) as compared to the fed pigs (0.307 +/- 0.053 l/kg/h). The elimination constants (beta) were not found to be statistically different (P less than 0.05): 0.1811 +/- 0.0057 for the fasted pigs; 0.2260 +/- 0.0461 for the fed pigs. The bioavailability for both groups was similar; 19.12 +/- 8.3% for the fasted pigs and 17.88 +/- 5.3% for the fed pigs. In a second experiment three groups of six pigs which weighed 34.5-44.1 kg were fed a corn-soy diet ad libitum. The rations were fortified with chlortetracycline at 100, 400 or 1000 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg feed. Chlortetracycline concentrations were determined in plasma samples collected over a 6-day period. Plasma chlortetracycline concentrations reach a plateau within 24 h after initial access to the trial diets and were highly correlated with the dose of the drug consumed (r2 = 0.97). 相似文献
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2005年如果没有年底的禽流感疫情,对于我国蛋鸡、肉鸡生产来说应该是一个非常完美的丰收年,是哪些因素导致了2005年蛋鸡市场如此好的行情?2006年我国家禽市场又将走向何方?……作者对以上热点问题进行了深入分析研究,供读者参考。 相似文献
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b. bengtsson s-o. jacobsson j. luthman & a. franklin 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1997,20(4):258-261
Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug. 相似文献
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug. 相似文献
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Campos SG Cavaglieri LR Fernández Juri MG Dalcero AM Krüger C Keller LA Magnoli CE Rosa CA 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(3):377-383
Commercial feedstuffs are a basic element in modern pet husbandry in the world. In dogs, the effect of mycotoxins is severe and can lead to death. Few reports on the influence of dietary mycotoxins were found in the scientific literature. The aims of this work were to isolate and identify the mycoflora and to determine the aflatoxins (AFs) natural occurrence in raw materials and ready dry pet food. Therefore, the aflatoxigenic capacity of Aspergillus flavus species was investigated. Aspergillus was the prevalent genera (65-89%) followed by Penicillium and Fusarium spp. Aspergillus flavus was the most prevalent species, followed by Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus versicolor. Aspergillus flavus frequencies ranged from 58% to 86% except in sorghum meal. All samples assayed (except corn grains and ready pet food) showed Fusarium spp. contamination. Corn meal and corn meal and gluten samples had 100% Fusarium verticillioides. Fusarium graminearum was isolated from sorghum meal. Aspergillus flavus strains (75%) isolated from raw materials and 57% from pet food were able to produce AFs. All samples showed AFs contamination percentages over 70%; corn and sorghum meal obtained the highest AFs levels. Ready pet food did not show quantitative levels of the tested toxins. This is the first report of the aflatoxigenic capacity by A. flavus from Brazilian pet food. 相似文献