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1.
选用国内11个玉米自交系,采用GriffingⅣ双列杂交设计组配出55个杂交组合,对穗粒重、穗长、穗粗等8个穗部性状一般配合力和特殊配合力进行分析,结果表明:穗行数、行粒数、轴粗、秃尖等性状主要由基因的加性效应起作用,穗粒重主要是受非加性基因效应的作用;郑58×5003/412、昌7-2×综31、B73×昌7-2等10个组合的单穗粒重和千粒重的特殊配合力较高;昌7-2、P138、B73、242/B84具有较高单穗粒重性状GCA效应优势;昌7-2和郑58自交系秃尖性状上一般配合力为负数;5003/412、P138、综31具有穗长和行粒数性状GCA效应优势。 相似文献
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为了明确不同耐密型玉米品种农艺性状与产量的关系,对玉米产量与穗部性状进行相关性分析。结果表明:(1)产量与百粒重、单穗粒重、秃尖长及出籽率均呈极显著正相关;穗行数与产量呈极显著负相关。偏相关分析中单穗粒重、出籽率和百粒重对产量影响较大,但相关性不显著。(2)单穗粒重与行粒数相关系数最大。(3)天农9号相关性分析中,穗粗、单穗粒重和百粒重对产量影响较大,品种改良时优先选择大粒组合;太玉339产量受秃尖长影响最大,其次是出籽率和穗行数,品种改良时优先选择穗行数多的组合;太玉803产量受穗长、穗行数和出籽率影响较大,品种改良时可以优先选择果穗长和穗行数多的组合。(4)不同种植密度下,单穗粒重是决定产量的最主要因素,百粒重和穗长都对产量有显著影响;中密度时还可通过提高脱水速率和增加行粒数提高产量;高密度时还可通过增大出籽率提高产量。 相似文献
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为了明确玉米果穗相关性状的配合力及其遗传效应,按NCⅡ遗传交配设计,对参试的20个玉米自交系(9个母本,11个父本)的9个性状的一般配合力、特殊配合力、广义遗传力、狭义遗传力进行分析。结果表明,5个自交系JZF5、JZF2、JZM10、JZM5、JZM3在穗粒重等多个性状上兼具一般配合力(GCA)有益的显著或极显著值。穗粒重特殊配合力(SCA)排名前5的杂交组合JZF5×JZM4、JZF2×JZM1、JZF8×JZM5、JZF6×JZM5、JZF7×JZM5,它们的亲本之一穗粒重GCA为极显著正值,提示在杂交种组配时应兼顾GCA和SCA效应。穗长、秃尖长、行粒数、穗行数、水份含量加性遗传方差占比大于70%,穗粒重的加性遗传方差占比为35.7%,主要由非加性遗传方差构成。广义遗传力上,水份含量>秃尖长>穗行数>穗长>穗粒重>行粒数>穗轴重>穗宽>百粒重,其中秃尖长、穗行数的广义遗传力大于60%,水分含量的广义遗传力大于70%。狭义遗传力上,秃尖长>水份含量>穗行数>穗长>行粒数>穗轴重>穗宽>百粒重>穗粒重,其中秃尖长、水份含量和穗行数的狭义遗传力大于50%,适宜在早代进行选择；百粒重和穗粒重的狭义遗传力最低,分别是22.8%和19.7%,不宜在早代进行选择。本研究的果穗部分性状供试特性偏向父本,建议关注父本对玉米杂交种果穗相关性状的重要影响。 相似文献
4.
用陕A群自交系KA105、91227与甘肃省自育NSS群的14个自交系进行配合力测定,结果表明,KA105与各自交系单株产量的一般配合力(GCA)总体比较高,91227与各自交系单株产量的特殊配合力(SCA)总体比较高,单株产量总配合力(TCA)效应值较高的组合依次为KA105×1802、KA105×F5001、KA105×F0601和91227×1802。各性状的特殊配合力(SCA)的相关性分析表明,单株产量与秃尖长呈负相关,与其他性状均呈正相关,其中与穗位高、出籽率呈极显著正相关。在自交系选系中株高、穗长、出籽率、轴粗、雄穗分枝、穗行数、百粒重和穗粗可以早代进行选择,单株产量、穗位高和行粒数可在高代进行选择。 相似文献
5.
利用12个玉米自交系，按双列杂交模式设计组配66个杂交组合．分析了8个穗部性状的配合力和遗传参数。试验表明一般配合力在亲本间存在显著差异，各自交系的特殊配合力，在同一性状不同组合间及同一组合不同性状间也有显著差异，穗粗、容重、子粒行数等性状主要受加性效应控制，遗传力较高，可以在早代选择．而单穗粒重、产量、每行粒数等性状则遗传力较低。 相似文献
6.
玉米杂交种主要农艺性状的通径分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章对玉米10个主要农艺性状进行通径分析,结果表明:单穗粒重是提高籽粒产量的决定因素;株高、百粒重、生育期、穗行数、行粒数是影响产量的重要因素;穗长、穗粗与产量呈正相关,主要是通过单穗粒重和百粒重间接影响的,而穗位高虽与产量呈正相关,但主要是通过株高和单穗粒重的间接影响,对出籽率的直观选择,难以实现大的突破。因此,在选育优良玉米新品种考虑农艺性状时,不但要着眼于某一性状对产量的突出作用,更要重视研究其它性状对突破产量的综合效应。 相似文献
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为提高玉米育种效率,发挥黄淮海地区玉米种质资源的生产潜力,以3个自选系为母本,5个外引美系为父本作为基础材料,采用不完全双列杂交(NCII 3×5)设计组配15份杂交组合,分析其产量及产量相关性状亲本的一般配合力(GCA)效应和组合的特殊配合力(SCA)效应,并对各性状特殊配合力进行相关性分析。结果表明,7个产量性状中,百粒重组合间变异系数最大,达12.15%,产量组合间差异其次。各性状的遗传率为16.95%～86.20%;其中,出籽率最高为86.20%,行粒数最低为16.95%。产量相关性状与产量的特殊配合力相关性依次为:穗粗﹥百粒重﹥穗长,穗行数、行粒数及出籽率与产量的特殊配合力之间差异不显著,说明穗粗是筛选高产杂交种的关键。母本的3个自选系中S102产量的一般配合力最高,在穗粗、百粒重和出籽率性状上,S102的一般配合力均表现突出;父本M4的产量一般配合力最大,且M4的穗粗、穗行数一般配合力最高,说明S102和M4应作为今后研究的重点。从产量特殊配合力来看,S102×M5最高,杂交组合S103×M3和S101×M1也表现较为突出,均可作为今后育种的研究重点。 相似文献
9.
为了揭示玉米主要农艺性状对产量的影响,以‘盛农玉6号’、‘LCBB18-12’、‘百隆玉303’、‘惠农单5号’和‘西抗18’5个玉米新组合为材料,用Excel和SPSSPRO在线统计分析平台对包括生育期、株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、秃尖、单穗粒重、百粒重和产量的11个农艺性状进行灰色关联度分析。结果表明,所考察的性状对产量的影响依次为穗行数(0.85)、穗粗(0.846)、百粒重(0.845)、株高(0.843)、单穗粒重(0.839)、生育期(0.827)、穗长(0.817)、行粒数(0.812)、穗位高(0.812)、秃尖(0.59)。除秃尖以外的9个性状与产量的关联度均较大,关联系数在0.8以上,秃尖这一性状与产量的关联度相对较小,关联系数为0.59。由此可推断,穗行数、穗粗、百粒重、株高、单穗粒重、生育期、穗长、行粒数、穗位高是产量构成的主要因子。该结果为高产育种实践提供理论参考。 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
15.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
16.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
17.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献