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介绍了一种简易实用的蚕种催青室温湿度自动控制系统的工作原理、选型设计、使用方法和应用试验.该系统对加温和加湿两部分采用分开设计和统一控制相结合,使蚕种催青室的温度和湿度相对稳定,更有利于蚕卵胚胎的正常发育,提高蚕种预期整齐孵化率. 相似文献
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蚕种催青是养蚕生产过程中的首要环节。其质量直接关系到蚕种孵化率的高低、蚁蚕的整齐度、强健度以及蚕茧的产质量。我县近年来由于改进了催青设施,加强了催青技术管理,年催青10多万张蚕种,实用孵化率一直保持在98%以上,为此,笔者根据多年来的催青经验对提高蚕种催青质量谈几点体会,与同行交流商榷,以期共同进步。1改进催青设施,为蚕种保护提供适宜的环境条件。催青的温度、湿度、空气和光线等环境条件对提高蚕种催青质量起着至关重要的作用。为此,我县建成可催青10万张蚕种的双向匀风式恒气流自动控制蚕种催青室。该设施的改进:一是蚕种架… 相似文献
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<正>蚕种催青质量是蚕茧丰收的基础,性能良好的催青设施是提高蚕种催青一日孵化率的重要保证。德清县乾元催青室催青设施建造于20世纪80年代,近年来经常发生故障,已进入维修高峰期。2010年春期在农业局及经作站领导的支持下,对催青室进行了WS-CQ型温湿度智能仪表自动控制系统改造,改进了催青设施,为确保蚕种催青质量提供了有力保障。 相似文献
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改进加温设施简化催青操作 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通常催青室都采用电炉或火缸加温,因上下左右温度不均匀,在催青中往往采取摇卵和调种等措施加以弥补。否则就会因感温度不均匀而导致胚子发育不齐,影响一日孵化率。为了保证蚕种的催青质量,提高一日孵化率,并达到简化催青操作,降低催青劳动强度,节省催青成本的目的,我县对催青室加温补湿等设施进行了改进,同时简化了催青操作技术,现将情况介绍如下。一、催青加温补湿及控制系统的改进 相似文献
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利用sch基因具有胚胎期高温致死的特性，将伴性赤蚁（sch）导入实用品种中可实现专养雄蚕。通过常规和高温干燥催青处理sch雄蚕品种，找出降低雌蚕比率的有效途径，并对其孵化率进行t检验。得出结论：sch雄蚕品种在33℃、RH60％下雄蚕孵化率达到91．12％，雌蚕比率基本得到控制，雄蚕孵化率与常规催青技术处理sch雄蚕品种的雌雄实用孵化有一定的差异，经t检验中系差异显著，日系达到差异极显著水平；根据两日的雌蚕比率不同，提出采用一日收蚁法技术提高sch雄蚕品种的雄蚕率。 相似文献
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蚕种催青是蚕桑生产上的重要工作,它责任大、技术要求高,特别是随着省力化的普及应用及规模生产的需要,蚕农对催青质量的要求越来越高。蚕种孵化率是检验蚕种催青质量好坏的重要指标,虽然孵化率的高低受诸多因素的制约,但是科学的催青方法和合理的环境保护可以有效地弥补蚕种内在质量的不足。多年来,我们不断摸索、学习和总结,催青质量不断提高。我市年发蚕种10万多张,单期催青蚕种5万余张,一日孵化率均达90%以上,实用孵化率98%以上,蚕农反映较好。笔者根据多年催青实践,就如何做好蚕种催青工作谈几点看法。1提前做好催青准备1.1检修设备我市催青室建设较早,设备较为落后,采用电热风器加温、电热补湿器补湿、人工控制。每期催青前,我们都要组织水电工对电路、水路、热风器、补湿器、灯具设施检查、维修、调试,确保催青工作安全顺利进行。1.2消毒整理提前对催青室里里外外、催青用具等彻底地打扫、清洗,然后用有效氯1%消毒液及毒消散先后消毒两次,并将其它催青用品如遮黑布、领种布等清洗干净备用。这项工作在催青前十天结束,然后开门窗排净室内消毒残气。1.3培训人员由于催青工作时间短、待遇低,催青人员很难固定,每期培训均有一些新手,因此,我们特别注意催... 相似文献
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氧气对低地鸡蛋胚胎死亡和孵化率的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过模拟常压低氧和高海拔增氧孵化试验，研究了氧气浓度对低地良种鸡蛋胚胎死亡率和孵化率的影响。死亡胚胎的分布用2阶段增长模型分析。模拟2900m海拔常压低氧孵化增加了胚胎后期死亡率，使孵化率降低到接近2900m海拔实际孵化率水平；2900m海拔全期增氧孵化可以有效降低前期和后期胚胎死亡率，大大提高孵化率；阶段增氧孵化也能不同程度提高孵化率，改变胚胎死亡分布，其中效果最好的为前期增氧组。结果说明低氧是影响2900m海拔鸡蛋孵化的最主要因素。 相似文献
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Effect of intensity of eggshell pigment and illuminated incubation on hatchability of brown eggs 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The effects of intensity of brown eggshell pigment (light (LBP), medium (MBP) and dark (DBP)) and light intensity during incubation (low and high, 900 to 1380 and 1430 to 2080 lux, respectively) on eggshell characteristics, embryonic growth, hatchability traits, chick hatching weight and hatching time were investigated using eggs from a meat-type breeder (Hybro) flock at 32, 36 and 41 weeks of age in three trials. With eggs of similar weights the intensity of brown pigment was not associated with eggshell weight and thickness, and did not influence embryo weight and egg weight loss during incubation. The shade of brown pigment of eggs laid by young hens influenced the percentage hatchability (HP) of eggs incubated under light. Illuminated incubation improved HP of LBP eggs (compared with MBP and DBP eggs) from 32- and 36-week-old hens, but had no significant effect on HP of eggs from 41-week-old hens. Light intensity during incubation did not influence egg weight loss. High intensity of light during incubation reduced HP and increased early death percentage (EDP) in the LBP and MBP groups, and did not influence HP and EDP in the DBP group. Brown eggshell pigment and intensity of light during incubation did not influence hatching time. It is concluded that the shade of brown pigment, intensity of light during incubation and age of the breeder hens influenced the hatchability performance of embryos from brown eggs. Light during incubation improved the hatchability of embryos in light brown eggs laid by young hens and the shade of brown pigment of eggs laid by older hens did not influence hatchability under illuminated incubation. High intensity of light during incubation reduced hatchability of light and medium brown eggs, but not the dark brown eggs. 相似文献
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Improving turkey poult quality by correcting incubator humidity to match eggshell conductance 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
One of the most important factors determining hatchability of avian eggs is their proper water budget during incubation. We show here that water budget changes of turkey eggs effect not only hatchability but also poult quality. In addition to an increase in hatchability of 3.3%, poult quality was increased by 7.3%. This was achieved by sorting eggs into low (less than 18.5), medium (18.5 to 22.0) and high (greater than 22.0) eggshell mass-specific water vapour, conductance categories and incubating them in matching incubation humidities of 21.8, 26.6 and 31.4 Torr, corresponding to relative humidities of 45, 55 and 65% at 37.5 degrees C, respectively. A total diffusive water loss of 11.5% (range 10 to 14%) of the initial egg mass in 25 d of incubation yielded maximal hatchability and poult quality. 相似文献
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1. This study was conducted to examine some egg characteristics and determine the effects of eggshell thickness and eggshell porosity on water loss and hatchability of eggs in ostriches. 2. Shell thickness did not correlate significantly with hatchability. However, eggs of low shell thickness lost more mass (13.03%) than those with intermediate (11.22%) and high (10.36%) shell thickness. Mass loss during incubation was higher in hatched (11.98%) than unhatched eggs (11.09%). Shell thickness was negatively correlated to egg mass loss (r = -0.65). 3. The pore density was correlated with hatchability. Hatchability was 50% lower in eggs with low pore densities (40.93%) than with high densities (80.94%). Pore density was positively correlated with egg mass loss (r = 0.63). Incubation mass losses of hatched and unhatched eggs were not significantly different. 4. Mean eggshell water vapour conductance (G) value and shell conductance constant (k) were 87.77 +/- 4.21 mg H2O/d/Torr and 2.44 respectively (n = 15). 5. Because of eggshell functional properties and resulting low egg mass loss hatchability is low when ostrich eggs are artificially incubated. The mass of eggs used in the experiment was relatively high and their eggshell water vapour conductance was low. As a result, egg incubation mass loss was lower than it should be. It is concluded that incubator humidity should be low (25%) to allow enough mass loss during incubation from the eggs. 相似文献
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1. The effects of initial egg mass (IEM) and percentage mass loss during incubation (%ML) on hatchability of rock partridge eggs were investigated. 2. Eggs at the extremes of IEM had lower fertility and embryonic mortality. 3. Eggs at the extremes of %ML also had low fertility and hatchability was disproportionately reduced in eggs that had lost less mass during incubation. 4. Chick mass was a function of both IEM and mass lost during incubation. 5. In these respects rock partridge eggs are similar to that of other domesticated species of poultry. 相似文献
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1. Eggs from a layer-type breeder flock (Baladi, King Saud University) between 50 and 63 weeks of age were used in three trials to study the effects of electrical field (EF) during incubation on albumen and yolk heights, incubation temperature, egg weight loss and hatchability traits. The effects of egg size and eggshell characteristics on hatchability traits of eggs incubated under EF were investigated. 2. Eggs were weighed and graded into three weight classes (small, medium, and large). The physical dimensions, eggshell characteristics, and conductance of eggs were examined. The incubator was divided into two compartments for the control and EF treatments. Two aluminium plates were fitted on the inside walls of the EF compartment, face to face, and connected to a step up electric transformer. Eggs were exposed constantly to the EF during the first 18 d of incubation at the level of 30 kV/m, 60 Hz. 3. Egg size influenced the physical dimensions and eggshell characteristics of eggs. Large eggs had higher egg weight, egg surface area, egg volume, eggshell conductance, and eggshell weight and lower yolk weight percentage than medium or small size eggs. Small eggs had lower egg length and higher egg density than large or medium size eggs. Large eggs had higher eggshell thickness than small size eggs. 4. EF incubation of eggs raised incubation temperature by 0.06 degrees C, and increased the percentage of egg weight loss, hatchability, and weight of hatching chicks and reduced the early embryo deaths, and length of incubation by approximately 9.8, 19.6, 1.7, 62.1 and 2.1%, respectively. 5. There was no significant difference between the two incubation treatments in the heights of albumen and yolk of incubated eggs, percentages of late embryo deaths, and pips with live and dead embryos. Hatchability traits were not significantly influenced by egg size. 6. It was concluded that EF incubation of eggs increased hatchability, chick-hatching weight, and reduced the length of incubation of Baladi eggs. Differences in the physical dimensions and eggshell characteristics of eggs did not influence hatchability traits of eggs under EF incubation. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2006,15(4):579-583
In several countries, there is a well-developed market for Red-Legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) eggs for incubation. Although Red-Legged partridge eggs produced at game farms are sold with a guaranteed average hatchability, there is a marked seasonal variation in fertility and hatchability. Therefore, an average incubating hatchability value cannot be generalized across the whole breeding season. In this research, the influence that the laying date has upon the fertility and hatchability of incubated eggs and the hatchability of the fertile eggs incubated at a farm of Red-Legged partridge was analyzed. It was found that the laying date did indeed influence the fertility and hatchability of the incubated eggs. Fertility and hatchability were greater in the eggs set in the incubator between mid February and late March than those of the eggs set in late April and early May. Hatchability of fertile eggs was greater in the eggs set in the incubator in mid March and lower in the eggs set in late April. The higher values obtained during the middle of the laying period and the lower ones obtained at the end of the laying period cause the game farms’ need to inform their potential customers of the eggs’ expected hatchability as a function of their laying date. 相似文献