共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
利用灰色系统理论,结合黑龙江省15个林业局过去10 a的具体数据,对2008—2009年黑龙江省林业生物质的产量进行了研究。预测结果表明,黑龙江省生物质资源连年下降,该结论对于合理利用林业生物质资源、合理开发化石资源、合理安排林业系统的生产和管理具有重要的作用。 相似文献
2.
林业生物质能源作为生物质能源的重要组成部分,具有可再生、低碳、环保绿色等优点,是化石能源替代的重要新能源。在生物质能源利用上,国内外已获得多项技术突破,并建立一些产业链。我国生物质能源开发技术还落后于发达国家,林业生物质能源利用存在投入产出比失衡,成本居高且替代化石能源时机不成熟。我国发展林业生物质能源在加大科研及资金投入的同时,要做长远发展规划,保护以前建立的林分,注重新品种驯化及选育,在积累林分培育技术的同时,结合＂以树养树＂策略,促进林业生物质能源产业的健康发展。 相似文献
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随着化石能源的不断枯竭,生物质能源的作用日益凸显。在生物质能利用过程中会遇到各种问题,即生物能快速、广泛发展的制约条件。在生物质储存、使用时,干燥过程成为其关键环节。该文就生物质油粉料气流输送干燥设备的国内外发展现状与发展趋势进行了探讨,并对自行设计的生物质制油装置干燥系统理论进行了分析,认为在生物质制油装置上配套气流干燥、输送系统,利用热烟尾气使制油粉料得到干燥,可大大节约成本,是值得推广使用的工艺处理模式。 相似文献
4.
Goldemberg J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1978,200(4338):158-164
Brazil's energy options and current outlook are examined, and a summary of known reserves of fossil and renewable energy resources is given. Brazil has abundant renewable energy resources but very modest reserves of fossil fuels. Consequently, the emphasis in the future will have to be on the utilization of solar energy, hydroelectric power, and biomass in a program designed to preserve local traditions and culture. 相似文献
5.
我国生物质能源产业科技创新发展对策研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着化石能源的过度开采和使用,世界各国面临着不同程度的化石能源短缺和生态危机,开发和利用清洁可再生能源已成为各国关注的焦点,对于正处于经济结构转型时期的我国也有重要的战略意义,不仅可以缓解能源短缺,而且其双向清洁性对于保护生态环境和减排温室气体具有现实意义。深入剖析了在我国发展生物质能源产业的战略意义、面临的机遇及挑战,提出了对策措施和政策建议,对生物质能源产业在我国的发展具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
6.
[目的]在管道模型假说和前期提出的树木年轮水分输导模式基础上,从理论和应用两个层面探讨了长白落叶松树冠生产力结构及4种落叶松的叶生物量估测模型,期望为树冠生产力评价和树木年轮水分输导模式研究提供理论与技术支持.[方法]利用不同林龄和不同种落叶松树冠解析、生物量调查及树干染色试验数据,基于管道模型和树木年轮水分输导模式分... 相似文献
7.
Pyrolysis mass spectrometry of complex organic materials 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
H L Meuzelaar W Windig A M Harper S M Huff W H McClennen J M Richards 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,226(4672):268-274
Pyrolysis mass spectrometry in combination with computerized multivariate statistical analysis enables qualitative and quantitative analysis of nonvolatile organic materials containing molecular assemblies of a complexity and size far beyond the capabilities of direct mass spectrometry. The state of the art in pyrolysis mass spectrometry techniques is illustrated through specific applications, including structural determination and quality control of synthetic polymers, quantitative analysis of polymer mixtures, classification and structural characterization of fossil organic matter, and nonsupervised numerical extraction of component patterns from complex biological samples. 相似文献
8.
中国生物质能源发展现状及问题探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
当前世界正面临着严重的化石能源危机,生物质能源发展已受到越来越多国家的关注。文章综述了生物燃气、生物液体燃料、微藻能源、固体成型燃料等生物质能源技术的主要进展,分析了我国生物质能源产业发展中出现的一些问题,并基于此提出了完善和修改生物质能源产品价格补贴、强制性生物质液体燃料收购、鼓励生物质液体燃料消费等激励政策,设立专项加快开发和应用具有自主知识产权的国产化技术,以及大力度发展非粮生物质能源和利用边际土地建立生物质能源基地等政策建议。 相似文献
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Land clearing and the biofuel carbon debt 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Increasing energy use, climate change, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuels make switching to low-carbon fuels a high priority. Biofuels are a potential low-carbon energy source, but whether biofuels offer carbon savings depends on how they are produced. Converting rainforests, peatlands, savannas, or grasslands to produce food crop-based biofuels in Brazil, Southeast Asia, and the United States creates a "biofuel carbon debt" by releasing 17 to 420 times more CO2 than the annual greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions that these biofuels would provide by displacing fossil fuels. In contrast, biofuels made from waste biomass or from biomass grown on degraded and abandoned agricultural lands planted with perennials incur little or no carbon debt and can offer immediate and sustained GHG advantages. 相似文献
11.
Revelle R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1980,209(4452):164-174
Outside of China, the countries of southern and eastern Asia contain 30 percent of the world's population but only 2 percent of the known fossil fuel resources. Economic growth has resulted in increasing imports of petroleum and petroleum products. Because of the tenfold rise in oil prices since 1972, several of these countries are faced with two dilemmas-one short range and one long range. Unless they can discover more fossil fuel resources within their own borders, they must either incur dangerously growing foreign exchange deficits or drastically slow their economic growth. Research and development in energy production, conversion, and conservation should eventually allow local energy sources, of which the most promising is biomass energy, to be substituted for imported fuels. But diverting scarce land and water to plantations of fast-growing trees or other kinds of biomass may seriously limit food production in these crowded countries. 相似文献
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Fate of fossil fuel carbon dioxide and the global carbon budget 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The fate of fossil fuel carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere depends on the exchange rates of carbon between the atmosphere and three major carbon reservoirs, namely, the oceans, shallow-water sediments, and the terrestrial biosphere. Various assumptions and models used to estimate the global carbon budget for the last 20 years are reviewed and evaluated. Several versions of recent atmosphere-ocean models appear to give reliable and mutually consistent estimates for carbon dioxide uptake by the oceans. On the other hand, there is no compelling evidence which establishes that the terrestrial biomass has decreased at a rate comparable to that of fossil fuel combustion over the last two decades, as has been recently claimed. 相似文献
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15.
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2015,(1)
The major source of energy comes from fossil fuels.The current situation in the fi eld of fuel and energy is becoming more problematic as world population continues to grow because of the limitation of fossil fuels reserve and its pressure on environment.This review aims to fi nd economic,reliable,renewable and non-polluting energy sources to reduce high energy tariffs in Russian Federation.Biofuel is fuel derived directly from plants,or indirectly from agricultural,commercial,domestic,and/or industrial wastes.Other alternative energy sources including solar energy and electric power generation are also discussed.Over 100 Mt of biomass available for energy purposes is produced every year in Russian.One of the downsides of biomass energy is its potential threatens to food security and forage industries.An innovative approach proved that multicomponent fuel(80%diesel oil content for motor and 64%for in stove fuel)can remarkably reduce the costs.This paper proposed that the most promising energy model for future is based on direct solar energy conversion and transcontinental terawatt power transmission with the use of resonant wave-guide technology. 相似文献
16.
生物炼制是以可再生生物质资源为原料,生产能源与化工产品的新兴工业模式.是转变经济增长模式.保障社会经济可持续发展的重大战略需求.微生物细胞工厂是生物炼制技术至关重要的核心.世界各国纷纷设立重大研究计划支持细胞工厂的研究,以期获得生物炼制技术的领先地位.该文简要回顾了生物炼制的重大计划和进展,展望了生物炼制的前景. 相似文献
17.
不同肥料对连作烟草根际土壤微生物及酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
烟草连作障碍是制约烟草产量与品质的关键因素。以连作12年的烟草土壤为对象,通过施用不同肥料, 研究了不同肥料对连作烟草产量、根际土壤微生物量、土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明：不同施肥处理对连作烟草产量及土壤微生物及酶活性的影响存在一定差异,施用农家肥有利于提高连作烟草产量。土壤微生物量分析结果显示,不同施肥处理后烟草根际土壤微生物量碳、氮及微生物呼吸强度依次为：农家肥>有机肥>氮肥>复合肥。与土壤营养循环相关酶活性的分析结果表明,不同施肥处理后烟草根际土壤中性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性以有机肥处理后活性最大,而酸性磷酸酶则以农家肥处理后活性最高。与土壤生物抗逆性相关的多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶活性分析的结果显示,不同施肥处理后烟草根际土壤抗性相关酶活性大小依次为：农家肥>有机肥>氮肥>复合肥。 相似文献
18.
通过采集海口周边热带淡水水样,用平板分离纯化法获得158株纯藻,选择其中4株（CE1,CE14,CE18,CE31）经初步鉴定的小球藻进行缺陷培养（HSM,HSM-N,HSM—S,HSM-P4种培养基培养）及油脂含量测定,结果显示：N和S2种元素缺乏对这4株小球藻生物量影响较大,且使这4株小球藻的含油量显著高于在HSM培养基培养的含油量;P元素的缺乏对这4株小球藻生物量影响较小,仅使CE1和CE18的油脂含量显著上升。CE14生长迅速,油脂含量高,其在HSM-S培养基中的油脂含量高于其他3种培养基,占细胞干重的86．55％。对CE14进行18S rDNA鉴定,得出CE14藻株属于绿藻门,绿藻纲,绿球藻目,小球藻科,小球藻属,与Chlorella vulgaris的18S rDNA基因的相似度为99％。 相似文献
19.
随着对化石能源的不断开采,对矿物燃料的过度依赖,使得化石能源已经濒临枯竭,寻找一种新能源来代替化石能源是21世纪的科研主题。目前,对于能源植物的开发和利用备受人们的关注,它与石油资源不同,是可再生资源,且燃烧产物没有污染。本文通过对能源植物的开发和利用进行简单的介绍和粗浅的分析,进而发表一些浅见。 相似文献
20.
改性沸石改良底泥对土壤中微生物生物量碳及酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了减小底泥中重金属的活性,实现底泥回田再利用,以洞庭湖重金属污染底泥为实验对象,探究以Na Cl和壳聚糖改性沸石改良的底泥对土壤中微生物生物量碳和生物酶(脲酶和脱氢酶)活性的影响。实验结果表明,两种沸石改良底泥添加后,土壤中水溶态金属浓度减小。Na Cl改性沸石处理组(沸石/底泥质量比3/7)和壳聚糖改性沸石处理组(沸石/底泥质量比1/9、3/7和6/4)中微生物量碳含量增加,微生物量C/N比最大提高至原来的2.8倍。壳聚糖改性沸石添加底泥对土壤生物酶影响较Na Cl改性沸石明显,土壤脲酶和脱氢酶活性随壳聚糖改性沸石投加量的增加而明显提升,壳聚糖改性沸石最大投加量组中(6/4)脲酶和脱氢酶活性较对照组分别增大1.1、1.6倍。 相似文献