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1.
雪莲果水溶性粗多糖提取分离工艺优化 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为了考察雪莲果中粗多糖的较优提取分离工艺,采用水提取法提取雪莲果中多糖,以提取温度、料液比、提取时间、乙醇终浓度为影响因素,在单因素试验的基础上进行四因素三水平的正交试验。正交试验以粗多糖得率为考察指标,优化粗多糖的提取分离工艺。四因素中提取温度对试验结果影响最大,其次是乙醇终浓度和料液比,最后是提取时间。雪莲果粗多糖较优提取分离工艺为提取温度90℃,乙醇终体积分数为80%,料液比1∶20g/L,提取时间2 h。在此条件下粗多糖得率为5.11%,粗多糖的总糖质量分数为46.2%。 相似文献
2.
蒸汽爆破玉米芯水解液脱毒及其发酵生产燃料丁醇 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探究以玉米芯为原料生产燃料丁醇的最佳工艺技术,该研究对蒸汽爆破玉米芯水解液的脱毒方式及脱毒后的水解液的丙酮丁醇发酵进行了研究。结果表明:D301树脂对玉米芯水解液进行脱毒的综合效果最好,甲酸、乙酸和总酚的脱除率分别达到60%、46.04%和56.31%,香草醛脱除率为100%,对糠醛和5-HMF的脱除率分别达到了82.95%和87.52%;同时总糖的损失率为4.38%。D301树脂脱毒后的水解液经C.acetobutylicum CICC 8016发酵丁醇和总溶剂产量分别为5.2和7.5 g/L,葡萄糖和总糖的利用率分别达到100%和73.67%。当D301树脂脱毒的玉米芯水解液初始糖的质量浓度为50 g/L时,丁醇和总溶剂(丙酮、丁醇和乙醇)的质量浓度分别达到最大9.7和14.6 g/L。该研究为利用玉米芯工业化生产燃料丁醇提供了可靠的技术支持。 相似文献
3.
应用自行研制的ACA(Alginate-Chitosan-Alginate)微胶囊技术体系,考察了芦荟液ACA微胶囊成囊过程及微胶囊24h平衡透析过程中芦荟多糖、芦荟蒽醌类化合物渗透分离情况。结果表明,芦荟液微胶囊化过程及微胶囊24h平衡透析后芦荟多糖总渗出率为27.7%,渗出多糖分子量<7600;芦荟蒽醌总渗出率为98.3%。在有利于保持活性的条件下,较好地实现了芦荟多糖和芦荟蒽醌两类不同功效成分的分离。 相似文献
4.
新郑灰枣富含各种营养成分,特别是多糖具有抗氧化抗癌等许多生物效应。为研究新郑灰枣多糖的提纯工艺,该文在超声波酶法联合提取、乙醇沉淀、超滤膜过滤得到的粗多糖的基础上,筛选出的AB-8大孔树脂纯化多糖,并对树脂的动态吸附解吸特性进行研究。响应曲面法优化AB-8大孔树脂动态吸附工艺条件,最佳动态吸附条件为:上样速率1.5mL/min,料液浓度2.2mg/mL,pH值5.6,最大动态吸附量为19.52mg/g;正交试验优化AB-8大孔树脂动态解吸的最佳工艺条件为:氯化钠浓度为0.4mol/L,乙醇添加量60%,盐酸浓度0.2mol/L,流速1.5mL/min,最优动态解吸率为85.21%。通过树脂纯化,多糖纯度可达88.87%。该红枣多糖提纯技术是一种非常有效的方法,在医疗及保健行业具有巨大的应用潜力和市场。 相似文献
5.
以产自陕西、四川、甘肃的南五味子为材料,测定其中木脂素质量分数和总多糖质量分数,结果显示,四川、陕西、甘肃产南五味子的折合药材木脂素质量分数分别为1.8725%、1.4126%、1.2534%;甘肃产南五味子的折合药材木脂素含量最低。整粒提取时,四川、陕西、甘肃产南五味子的折合药材总多糖质量分数分别为10.080%、9.665%、11.180%;研碎提取时,四川、陕西、甘肃产南五味子的折合药材总多糖质量分数为9.560%、10.360%、12.830%。整粒提取和研碎后提取均以甘肃产南五味子折合药材总多糖质量分数高于四川产和陕西产。 相似文献
6.
牛蒡菊糖脱色工艺的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究了6种离子交换树脂和吸附树脂对牛蒡菊糖溶液中色素脱除的影响,筛选出3种树脂：非极性大孔吸附树脂DA201-B和DA201-C、大孔弱碱性的阴离子交换树脂D301-G,通过正交试验对脱色条件进行优化。结果表明：采用树脂D301-G,在pH 6.5,35℃下,牛蒡菊糖溶液的脱色率可达到95%,多糖保留率为75%,蛋白质去除率87%,牛蒡中的色素可能主要以阴离子色素、非极性小分子色素为主。 相似文献
7.
大孔吸附树脂分离纯化红小豆多酚工艺及效果 总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1
为开发利用红小豆加工副产物中的生理活性物质,该研究采用大孔树脂吸附法对煮制红小豆水的多酚类物质进行分离纯化,比较了5种不同型号大孔树脂对红小豆多酚的吸附分离效果,从中筛选出HPD 600型树脂作为理想的吸附剂;研究了 HPD 600树脂对红小豆多酚的吸附等温线,结果表明,该吸附等温线与 Langmuir、Freundlich函数曲线的拟合程度非常高,且采用Langmuir模型的拟合效果略优于Freundlich模型。静态和动态吸附、洗脱试验结果表明：样品液浓度、温度、pH值、乙醇浓度、上样流速及洗脱流速等因素均对HPD 600树脂吸附分离红小豆多酚有影响。较理想的工艺参数为：30℃是较适宜的静态吸附温度;保持煮制红小豆水本身的多酚浓度0.96 mg/mL和pH值6.8,上样体积200 mL,上样流速1.0 mL/min进行动态吸附;吸附饱和平衡后,采用50 mL 60%乙醇溶液,以1.5 mL/min的流速进行动态洗脱。依此得到的红小豆多酚纯化液,其总酚含量和总抗氧化能力均有显著提高,约为纯化前的2.2倍。 相似文献
8.
牛粪螺旋压榨固液分离工艺参数优化 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
为了优化粪便固液分离工艺,用作者研制的固液分离机对鲜牛粪进行固液分离,以进料水料比、榨条间隙、螺旋转速作为影响因素,以分离后固形物料中总固体（TS）含量为主要考察指标,以处理牛粪生产率、液料中固体去除率为参考指标,采用3因素5水平进行二次正交旋转组合试验设计,探讨了螺旋压榨工艺参数对固液分离效果的影响,得到了优化的工艺参数：进料水料比为0.65,榨条间隙为1.5 mm,螺旋转速68 r/min时,分离后固形物料中总固体（TS）质量分数可以达到40%以上,研究结果可为牛粪固液分离提供参考依据。 相似文献
9.
【目的】研究镉(Cd)处理下水稻根系细胞壁果胶对Cd胁迫的响应,进一步深化Cd安全水稻材料根系细胞壁Cd的固持机制。【方法】以Cd安全水稻材料D62B为研究对象,普通材料Luhui17为对照进行水培试验。设4个Cd质量浓度处理：0 mg/L (CK)、0.5 mg/L (Cd0.5)、1.0 mg/L (Cd1)、2.0 mg/L (Cd2)。在水稻分蘖期采集根系样品,分析细胞壁多糖中果胶、半纤维1、半纤维2以及残渣部分的Cd含量,测定果胶糖醛酸含量、果胶酯化度、果胶甲酯酶(PME)活性、根系过氧化氢(H2O2)含量以及细胞壁过氧化物酶(POD)活性,进而分析根系细胞壁果胶对Cd的响应特征。【结果】1) Cd胁迫下,D62B和Luhui17根系细胞壁果胶合成增加,根系细胞壁低酯化和高酯化果胶糖醛酸含量均表现为D62B高于Luhui17。Cd处理下D62B根系细胞壁低酯化和高酯化果胶糖醛酸含量较对照分别增加了13.21%～71.82%和22.10%～64.27%,Luhui17分别增加了24.14%～137.86%和13.12%～41.26%。... 相似文献
10.
超滤膜分离纯化花生壳中水溶性膳食纤维 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为探索花生壳中水溶性膳食纤维(SDF)的有效分离纯化方法和效果,选择适宜的膜组件,采用不同截留分子量的超滤膜以及优化膜分离过程的操作条件,对SDF提取液进行超滤分离,试验结果表明:选用PS-30聚砜膜,在压力为0.08MPa、料液比为1:75g/mL、温度为30℃时,分离纯化效果最为显著。其中,膜通量达到127.2L/(m2·h)、SDF的得率达到67.56%,非淀粉多糖(NSP)的质量分数由49.85%提高到92.36%,蛋白质量分数从5.53%降到0.92%。与传统的提取法比较,超滤膜分离纯化花生壳水溶性膳食纤维具有生产周期短,成本低,产品纯度高等优点。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献