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1.
研究了在饲料中添加"健肝散"预防丁(鱼岁)(Tinca tinca)脂肪肝的作用.采用"健肝散"添加量分别为0 1%、0.2%、0.4%的饲料进行丁(鱼岁)养殖试验,试验周期为40 d,观察"健肝散"对其生长指标、血清主要生理、生化指标的影响.结果表明,当"健肝散"添加量为0.4%时,丁(鱼岁)的增重率、相对生长率和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇最高,肝脏脂肪含量最低,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P＜0.05),与氯化胆碱组均无显著差异(P＞0.05);血浆中胆固醇、甘油三酯含量最高,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P＜0.05),与氯化胆碱组有显著差异(P＜0.05);谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶的活性较低,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P＜0.05),其中乳酸脱氢酶的活性显著低于氯化胆碱组(P＜0.05).当"健肝散"添加量为0.2%和0.4%时,肝体比均较低,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P＜0.05),与氯化胆碱组无显著差异(P＞0.05);添加量为0.1%、0.2%和0.4%时,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均较高,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P＜0.05),与氯化胆碱组无显著差异(P＞0.05).在本研究条件下,丁(鱼岁)饲料中添加0.4%的"健肝散"时,可有效预防其脂肪肝疾病. 相似文献
2.
研究了在饲料中添加健肝散预防丁(Tinca tinca)脂肪肝的作用。采用健肝散添加量分别为0.1%、0.2%、0.4%的饲料进行丁养殖试验,试验周期为40d,观察健肝散对其生长指标、血清主要生理、生化指标的影响。结果表明,当健肝散添加量为0.4%时,丁的增重率、相对生长率和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇最高,肝脏脂肪含量最低,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05),与氯化胆碱组均无显著差异(P>0.05);血浆中胆固醇、甘油三酯含量最高,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05),与氯化胆碱组有显著差异(P<0.05);谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶的活性较低,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05),其中乳酸脱氢酶的活性显著低于氯化胆碱组(P<0.05)。当健肝散添加量为0.2%和0.4%时,肝体比均较低,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05),与氯化胆碱组无显著差异(P>0.05);添加量为0.1%、0.2%和0.4%时,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均较高,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05),与氯化胆碱组无显著差异(P>0.05)。在本研究条件下,丁饲料中添加0.4%的健肝散时,可有效预防其脂肪... 相似文献
3.
研究了在饲料中添加"健肝散"预防丁(Tinca tinca)脂肪肝的作用。采用"健肝散"添加量分别为0.1%、0.2%、0.4%的饲料进行丁养殖试验,试验周期为40d,观察"健肝散"对其生长指标、血清主要生理、生化指标的影响。结果表明,当"健肝散"添加量为0.4%时,丁的增重率、相对生长率和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇最高,肝脏脂肪含量最低,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05),与氯化胆碱组均无显著差异(P>0.05);血浆中胆固醇、甘油三酯含量最高,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05),与氯化胆碱组有显著差异(P<0.05);谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶的活性较低,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05),其中乳酸脱氢酶的活性显著低于氯化胆碱组(P<0.05)。当"健肝散"添加量为0.2%和0.4%时,肝体比均较低,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05),与氯化胆碱组无显著差异(P>0.05);添加量为0.1%、0.2%和0.4%时,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均较高,与空白对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05),与氯化胆碱组无显著差异(P>0.05)。在本研究条件下,丁鱼岁饲料中添加0.4%的“健肝散”时,可有效预防其脂肪肝疾病。 相似文献
4.
饲料中添加氯化胆碱对草鱼成鱼生长、脂肪沉积和脂肪代谢酶活性的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
选用初始体质量为(314.7±9.9)g的草鱼(Ctenophary ngodon idella)240尾,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每重复20尾鱼,分别饲喂氯化胆碱添加量为0%(对照组)、0.2%、0.4%和0.6%(占饲料的质量分数)的4组饲料(粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量分别为28.01%和4.54%),胆碱实测含量分别为1010mg/kg、2516mg/kg、4184mg/kg、5852mg/kg,养殖77d后,考察氯化胆碱对草鱼成鱼生长性能、脂肪沉积及脂肪代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比较,添加0.4%和0.6%氯化胆碱可显著提高鱼体增重率(P0.05)、特定生长率(P0.05),降低饲料系数(P0.05);添加0.2%～0.6%氯化胆碱可显著降低肝胰脏和全鱼脂肪含量(P0.05);添加0.4%和0.6%氯化胆碱,肌肉脂肪含量显著下降(P0.05);添加0.2%～0.6%氯化胆碱可显著提高血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量(P0.05),添加0.4%和0.6%氯化胆碱可显著降低肝胰脏甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量(P0.05);在脂肪代谢酶方面,添加0.2%～0.6%氯化胆碱可显著提高前肠脂肪酶活性(P0.05),添加0.6%氯化胆碱显著提高脂蛋白脂酶活性(P0.05),添加0.4%～0.6%氯化胆碱可显著升高肝脂酶和总脂酶活性(P0.05)。综上所述,适量添加胆碱能改善草鱼成鱼生长性能,提高饲料利用率,降低肝胰脏、全鱼和肌肉的脂肪含量,提高脂肪代谢酶活性。建议草鱼实用饲料中氯化胆碱添加量为0.4%～0.6%。 相似文献
5.
饲料中添加胆碱预防罗非鱼脂肪肝病变的作用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用胆碱添加量分别为0.0%、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%和0.4%的饲料进行奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus×O.au-reus)养殖实验,实验周期为50 d。结果表明,当胆碱添加量为0.3%时,罗非鱼的肥满度[(4.00±0.20)%]和增重率[(699.51±31.32)%]达到峰值,饲料系数最低(2.00±0.12),血浆中胆固醇[(2.59±0.03)mmol/L]、甘油三酯[(2.24±0.99)mmol/L]、高密度脂蛋白[(0.94±0.17)mmol/L]和低密度脂蛋白[(0.32±0.01)mmol/L]含量较高;当胆碱添加量为0.2%时,肝体比[(2.99±0.07)%]、血浆中谷丙转氨酶活性[(52.33±13.32)U/L]、谷草转氨酶活性[(267±16.97)U/L]、乳酸脱氢酶活性[(1163.50±85.56)U/L]最低,肝脏脂肪含量[(38.84±0.57)%]、血浆淀粉酶活性[(52.00±12.73)U/L]、胆囊中胆汁酸浓度[(70745±7007.43)μmol/L]较低。在本研究条件下,建议奥尼罗非鱼饲料中胆碱添加量以0.2%~0.3%为宜。 相似文献
6.
为研究蛋氨酸铬对鲤血清生化指标和非特异性免疫指标的影响,配制蛋氨酸铬添加水平分别为0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6、3.2 mg/kg的7种饲料,选取初始体质量为(40.95±4.80)g的鲤1 260尾,进行了为期8周的饲养试验。结果表明:(1)添加0.4 mg/kg蛋氨酸铬的试验组,其胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)含量最低,与其它组差异显著(P0.05);添加1.6 mg/kg的组,其高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量最高;添加0.8mg/kg的组,其低密度脂蛋白(LDL)显著高于对照组(P0.05)。添加0.4~3.2 mg/kg蛋氨酸铬的试验组,鲤血清中的谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性高于对照组(P0.05)。(2)添加蛋氨酸铬的试验组,鲤肝胰脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性均高于对照组;0.8 mg/kg添加组的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著高于对照组(P0.05);0.4 mg/kg添加组的丙二酮(MDA)含量低于其它各组。添加0.2~3.2 mg/kg蛋氨酸铬的试验组,其AKP活性显著低于对照组(P0.05);鲤肝胰脏中谷草转氨酶(GOT)的活性随着蛋氨酸铬添加量的增加呈现上升趋势,且均显著高于对照组(P0.05);除3.2 mg/kg添加组外,其它各组的谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性均显著下降。综上所述,在饲料中添加0.4~0.8 mg/kg的蛋氨酸铬能够增强鲤肝胰脏的非特异性免疫力。 相似文献
7.
饲料中添加氯化胆碱、甜菜碱和溶血卵磷脂对异育银鲫生长、脂肪代谢和血液指标的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
选取450尾健康的异育银鲫鱼种[体重为(7.46±0.2)g],随机分成5组,其中1组为对照组,2、3、4和5为试验组,投喂的饲料是在基础饲料中分别添加0.05%溶血卵磷脂、0.1%的溶血卵磷脂、0.1%甜菜碱和0.15%氯化胆碱(共含氯化胆碱0.21%),在室内可控温循环水养殖系统中饲养67d,研究3种添加剂对异育银鲫生长、脂肪代谢和血液指标等的影响。结果表明,各试验组异育银鲫的增重率比对照组均有提高,其中0.1%甜菜碱组和高剂量氯化胆碱(0.21%)组增重率分别比对照组提高了10.28%和9.23%,且差异显著(P<0.05)。试验组的饲料系数均比对照组有所下降,其中高剂量氯化胆碱(0.21%)组、0.1%的溶血卵磷脂组和0.1%甜菜碱组与对照组相比显著降低(P<0.05)。试验组的营养物质表观消化率、肌肉中蛋白质的含量与对照组相比均有提高,而肝体比、肝脏中脂肪含量、肌肉中脂肪含量均比对照组有所降低,其中试验组肝体比、肝脏中脂肪含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。血浆生化指标显示:高剂量氯化胆碱(0.21%)组和添加0.1%甜菜碱组血浆中的甘油三酯比对照组有所下降(P>0.05),而0.05%溶血卵磷脂、... 相似文献
8.
饲料脂肪水平对许氏平鲉脂肪沉积、血液生化指标及脂肪代谢酶活性的影响 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
以鱼油为脂肪源,分别配制脂肪水平为3.7%、6.8%、9.6%、13.1%、15.6%的5种实验饲料,对平均初始体质量为(7.13±0.03)g的许氏平鲉进行为期60 d的饲养实验,探讨饲料脂肪水平对许氏平鲉形体指数、脂肪沉积、血液生化指标与脂肪代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明:肝体指数、脏体指数随着饲料脂肪水平的升高显著提高(P0.05),脂肪水平对肥满度没有显著影响(P0.05);许氏平鲉鱼体脂肪沉积随饲料脂肪水平的增加显著提高(P0.05),15.6%全鱼、肌肉、肝脏脂肪含量最高,显著高于3.7%、6.8%组(P0.05)。随着脂肪添加量的增加,许氏平鲉肝脏葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)和苹果酸脱氢酶(MHD)活性显著降低(P0.05),15.6%与13.1%组G6PDH、MHD活性显著低于3.7%和6.8%组(P0.05);肝酯酶(HL)和脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)活性显著升高(P0.05),15.6%与13.1%组HL和LPL活性显著高于3.7%和6.8%组(P0.05)。血液甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(CHO)含量随着饲料脂肪水平增加有下降的趋势,15.6%组的TG和CHO含量显著低于3.7%和6.8%组(P0.05);血液中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)与碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性呈上升趋势(P0.05),15.6%组最高;低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)呈先上升后下降的趋势(P0.05)。研究表明,饲料脂肪水平对许氏平鲉形体指数、脂肪沉积、血液生化指标及脂肪代谢酶活性影响显著,但过高的脂肪水平将使许氏平鲉肝脏脂肪沉积增多,当饲料脂肪水平高于9.6%时不利于鱼类健康生长。 相似文献
9.
饲料中添加复方中草药对凡纳滨对虾生长、消化酶和免疫相关酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验选取以黄芪（Astragalus membranaceus）、板蓝根（Baphicacanthus cusia）等为主要成分的中草药饲料添加剂配制5组饲料[添加量分别为0（对照组）、0.1%、0.2%、0.4%和0.8%],连续投喂凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeusvannamei）[初始体质量为（4.14±0.06）g]56 d,每组3个重复,研究复方中草药对凡纳滨对虾生长、消化酶活性和免疫相关酶活性的影响。结果显示,试验组对虾的成活率均高于对照组,其中0.2%组差异显著（P〈0.05）;0.2%组和0.8%组的相对增重率显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。试验组肝胰脏和肠道的消化酶活性均高于对照组,其中0.2%组的肝蛋白酶和肝淀粉酶显著增高（P〈0.05）,0.1%组和0.4%组的肠蛋白酶和肠淀粉酶显著增高（P〈0.05）。0.2%组的碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性显著高于其他组（P〈0.05）;试验组的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性均高于对照组;随着中草药添加量的增加,过氧化物酶（POD）指标呈现先下降后增高的趋势,0.4%组显著降低（P〈0.05）。结果表明,饲料中添加复方中草药能促进凡纳滨对虾生长、消化酶和免疫相关酶活性,适宜添加量为0.2%。 相似文献
10.
将30日龄、体质量约4.7g的青鱼放养在12个网箱中,每箱40尾,分别投喂添加0(对照组)、0.3%、0.6%和1.2%壳寡糖的饲料50d,每种饲料3个重复,研究壳寡糖添加量对青鱼血清特定生化指标、肝和肠白介素-2(IL-2)、白介素-8(IL-8)和白介素-10(IL-10)mRNA表达量的影响。试验结果显示,与对照组比较,0.3%壳寡糖组青鱼血清乳酸脱氢酶的活性显著降低(P0.05),0.6%壳寡糖组青鱼血清甘油三酯、葡萄糖的含量和乳酸脱氢酶的活性显著降低(P0.05),0.3%组的肝IL-2和IL-10的表达量显著提高(P0.05),0.6%壳寡糖组的肝IL-2和IL-8的表达量显著提高(P0.05)。试验结果表明,在饲料中添加壳寡糖能促进青鱼幼鱼肝和肠白介素的表达,增强免疫力,降低血糖血脂含量,其中以添加0.6%壳寡糖的效果最佳。 相似文献
11.
养殖鱼类脂肪肝成因及相关思考 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
养殖鱼类脂肪肝病,是困扰水产养殖业多年的广发性病害,虽经多年研究和防治实践,至今尚不能得到根本遏制。本文回顾了近年来在养殖鱼类脂肪肝研究领域的重要研究成果,从营养和饲料、养殖环境、鱼类生理特性、物种差异和遗传变异等5个方面系统总结了导致养殖鱼类肝脏脂肪过量累积的原因。在综述已有成果的基础上,分析了当前鱼类脂肪肝研究和防治实践中存在的可能误区,并结合自身多年在鱼类、哺乳动物和人类脂肪肝研究中的成果和经验,探讨了养殖鱼类脂肪肝发生的生物学机制,提出了"营养型脂肪肝"与"氧化型脂肪肝"的区分标准,揭示了当前鱼类脂肪肝防治的复杂性和困难性,并对今后鱼类脂肪肝研究和防治实践提出了具体的研究方向和防治策略。 相似文献
12.
Abstract. Starry flounder Platichthys stellatus (Pallas) from the Duwamish River estuary, which has received large volumes of pollutants in the past, and starry flounder from two relatively unpolluted reference areas were examined for pathological conditions. Gross and microscopic examination of starry flounders from the Duwamish River estuary revealed one or more of the following unusual liver characteristics in 92% (monthly range 85–100%) of the fish: liver discolouration, liver enlargement, severe fatty vacuolation of the hepatocytes, centrolobular cellular degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, megalocytic hepatocytes, proliferating perivascular fibroblasts displacing adjacent liver parenchyma, hepatic structural disarray and increased basophilia of hepatocytes in localized areas. Livers of starry flounders, usually spent spawners, from one of the reference areas also had one or more of these characteristics, although at a much lower frequency (<13%), and these included liver discolouration, increased fatty vacuolation of the hepatocytes and hepatic structural disarray. 相似文献
13.
在骡鸭与樱桃谷鸭的填肥料中添加4%玉米油或鸭油,研究添加动植物油脂填饲对鸭产肝性能的差异影响。结果表明:添加玉米油,与添加鸭油填饲相比,2个品种鸭获得较高的肝重与较低的料肝比,且骡鸭添加玉米油组的肥肝率显著高于鸭油组(高出30%);经填饲,骡鸭的肥肝重较樱桃谷鸭高,同时料肝比较低,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。意味着肥肝生产中,填饲时添加玉米油较添加鸭油更利于提高产肝性能;并且对骡鸭更有效。对于其根本原因,需进一步从分子水平上研究鸭肝的生脂酶基因、与甘油三酯分泌及脂肪分解相关酶基因的表达差异。 相似文献
14.
Ricardo C. Martino Lulz C. Trugo José Eurico P. Cyrino Leandro Portz 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2003,34(2):192-202
The effect of dietary lipid on culture performance, fatty acid composition of carcass, and the liver polar lipid of surubim fingerlings Pseudoplatystoma coruscans was investigated. Five isonitrogenous (46.5% crude protein) and isolipidic (19% crude lipid) diets were formulated with squid liver oil (SLO) and white fat (pig lard-PL) as lipid sources. Diet 1 was supplemented with 12% SLO, diet 2 with 8% SLO and 4% PL, diet 3 with 6% SLO and 6% PL, diet 4 with 4% SLO and 8% PL, and diet 5 with 12% PL. Fish were fed to apparent satiation over a 64-d feeding trial. No statistically significant difference ( P >0.05) was observed in growth performance of fish. In contrast, fatty acid profile of fish carcass and liver polar lipid fraction was affected ( P 0.05) by dietary fatty acid composition. Palmitic (16:O) and the oleic (18:1n-9) acids were the major saturated and monoene fatty acids respectively found in fish carcass, independent of the lipid source in the diets. The total amount of saturated and monoene fatty acids was significantly higher ( P 0.05) in the carcass of the fish fed diets 4 and 5, than in the other fish. The concentration ( P 0.05) of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids and the n-3/n-6 ratio in fish carcass and in polar lipid fraction of liver increased in direct proportion to the level of squid liver oil in diet. Results of this experiment clearly demonstrated that both squid liver oil and pig lard have a positive nutritive value for surubim and that it is possible to increase the n-3 to n-6 ratio in favor of n-3, without loss in the growth performance, feeding fish with a diet containing a lipid source rich in this fatty acid. 相似文献
15.
Silvia Nogales-Mérida Ana Tomás-Vidal Miguel Jover Cerdá Silvia Martínez-Llorens 《Aquaculture International》2011,19(5):917-929
Four isonitrogenous (42% crude protein) and isolipidic (20%) diets were formulated using four different percentages of pork
fat to substitute fish oil at 0, 25, 50 and 75% to evaluate the performance, body composition, fatty acids and liver histology
of sharpsnout sea bream juveniles. One hundred and twenty fish (average weight 33.4 ± 2.9 g) were randomly distributed into
pens (90 l capacity). Triplicate groups were fed each test diet twice a day to apparent satiation for 84 days. No difference
was observed for feeding and growth performance. The only significant difference with respect to carcass was in moisture content
(P < 0.05). With respect to liver fatty acids, there were significant differences in EPA and DHA, being fish fed 75% of pork
fat that obtained the lowest value. With respect to muscle fatty acids, there were significant differences in saturated fatty
acids and fish fed 0% of pork fat obtained the lowest value, but in poly unsaturated fatty acids the 75% of pork fat reported
the lowest value. Although in both fish muscle and liver fatty acids, fish fed 75% pork fat diet presented significant difference
in n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids and n3/n6, but in LA fish fed the 0% of pork fat diet presented the lowest value in
liver and in fish muscle not only the 0% but also the 25% of pork fat diet obtained the lowest value. 相似文献
16.
17.
Carl D. Webster James H. Tidwell Laura S. Goodgame Daniel H. Yancey 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1994,25(1):126-134
Channel catfish Zctalurus punetatus were fasted for 20, 40, 60, and 80 d. Proximate and fatty acid composition of liver, abdominal fat, muscle, and viscera were determined. Percentage moisture, protein, and lipid of viscera showed little change during the period of fasting. Percentage protein in muscle decreased ( P < 0.05) after 20 d of fasting from time 0 (control), while percentage lipid increased ( P < 0.05). Fish fasted for 0, 40, 60, and 80 d were not different ( P > 0.05). In the liver, percentage lipid was higher in fish that were not fasted (0 d) than in fish fasted 20, 40, 60, and 80 d ( P < 0.05). while percentage moisture was lower in control fish compared to all other treatments ( P < 0.05). Fatty acid composition of muscle and liver indicated that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 22:6(n-3), was conserved in these tissues during fasting, while oleic acid, 18:1(n-9), concentration decreased during fasting. Fatty acid composition of abdominal fat indicated that a high percentage (>50%) of the total lipid was composed of oleic acid and there was little change in levels of individual fatty acids in abdominal fat during 80 d of fasting. 相似文献
18.
Triplicate groups of 40 Japanese sea bass Lateolabrax japonicus reared in freshwater (average weight, 9.52±0.47 g) were fed with six isonitrogenous (∼46% crude protein) diets containing 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14% or 16% lipid for 10 weeks respectively. The results showed that the maximum weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake (FI) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) all occurred at the 10% lipid level ( P <0.05) and growth depression occurred when the dietary lipid level was over 12%. Whole body and liver lipid concentrations were enhanced with the increase in the dietary lipid levels, but the muscle lipid content did not significantly change with the increase in the dietary lipid levels. Both liver pepsin and trypsin activities increased with dietary lipid levels ranging from 6% to 10%, and then decreased with a further increase in the dietary lipid content. Liver lipase activities showed a positive correlation with dietary lipid levels, but amylase activities were not markedly influenced by dietary lipid levels. High proportions of 18:1n-9, 20:1n-9, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA), 22:1n-11 and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA), and low concentrations of n-6 fatty acids, particularly 18:2n-6 occurring in the liver and muscle, to some extent, reflected the fatty acid composition in experimental diets. 相似文献
19.
中华鳖非寄生性肝病组织病理研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
运用病理解剖,显微与亚显微组织病理学研究方法,详细研究了温室养殖中华鳖非寄生性肝病的组织病理学特征,结果表明,肝脏是该病最严重的病灶,按病程发展的病理变化和典型临床症状,划分为Ｉ～Ⅳ时期。病鳖表现出肝损害所致的组织炎症反应,肝细胞水样变性和脂肪变性,肝性水肿和血肿,肝细胞坏死,肝组织硬变和腹水等病理特征。随着病程的发展,肝脏由功能不全到功能衰竭,直至病鳖死亡。文中还探讨了该病的致病因和防治措施。 相似文献