共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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自交系Ｃ８６０５的选育与应用刘忠山，王奎森，王生，张洪梅（辽宁省铁岭市农科所１１２６１６）（铁岭市农业技术推广总站１１２０００）在玉米育种中以选育抗病、高产、优质的中熟杂交种为主要目标。我们采用一环系、二环系，回交改良选育自交系的方法选育，同时引进一... 相似文献
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加入WTO后对玉米育种研究的思考 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
就玉米育种研究在我国加入WTO以后如何面对机遇和挑战。如何面对激烈的市场竞争，怎样调整育种方向，怎样改变传统的育种模式，从三个方面进行了阐述。首先普通玉米育种研究要进行改革的调整。一要丰富和创新种质资源，丰富育种材料，从面越过玉米育种所处的平台期，选育出产量高，综合抗性好的新品种。二是利用生物技术提高育种水平。三是开展品质育种，注意选育高淀粉、高油、高赖氨酸的玉米新品种。其次是在继续搞好普通玉米育种的同时，积极开展特种玉米的研究与利用，选育甜玉米、糯玉米、青饲玉米和爆裂玉米新品种 ，从而增强玉米育种的竞争力。最后是育种的改革，玉米育种与种业机构要走强强联合的道路，组建育种、制种、加工、销售和开发创收一体化的集团军，从而增强自身生存能力，增强抵御市场冲击的能力，使玉米育种在未来的发展中立于不败之地。 相似文献
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目前,世界各国都在致力于培育适应本国各地区土壤、气候特点及不同生产水平的优良杂交种。当前各国的玉米育种主要以高产形态和生理基础为依据,重点选育高密度条件下的高产类型。重视株型紧凑,叶片上举,秆坚硬强壮、多抗类型的选择。那么辽宁省玉米育种家选育的理想株型应是,上部叶片直立,下部叶片平展,叶片光合效率高,适合密植,苗期耐低温,抗倒抗病耐瘠薄,灌浆期延长的高产品种。 相似文献
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与中熟棉相比 ，中旱熟棉在产量潜力、抗病性及纤维品质等方面存在差距，本文从“生态育种”、种质搜集、选择重点及株型育种等方面探讨了选育２００Ｋｇ．ｈｍ＾－２中旱熟棉花品种的育种策略。 相似文献
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良种在农业生产上的推广应用,对提高农作物的产量、品质起到了显著的作用。随着生产的日益发展,良种的选育和推广受到愈加广泛的重视,当前,新的育种技术,特别是生物工程技术在育种中的应用,为选育高产、优质、抗逆性强的新品种提供了有效的手段。生物工程技术运用于育种,表现了广阔的前景。目前已在烟草、番茄、大豆、马铃薯、水稻、玉米、棉花等作物的育种中获得 相似文献
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密度压力下玉米杂交种农艺性状与产量相关性研究 总被引：16，自引：5，他引：16
对近40年25个玉米杂交种的农艺性状与产量关系进行了研究。采用逐步回归、通径分析和偏向关等方法分析了不同密度下其农艺性状与产量的关系。结果表明:各个密度下的农艺性状对产量的影响不同。在低密度下,千粒重>病株率>行粒数>穗行数>穗位高>空秆率;在中密度下,千粒重>株高>行粒数>空秆率>倒伏率>穗行数>出籽率;在高密度下,千粒重>空秆率>穗位高>行粒数>倒伏率>穗行数>出籽率。在华北地区玉米杂交种选育中,主攻方向是选育千粒重高、耐密、抗倒伏的品种。在保持株高、穗位高、生育期等性状在现有水平的基础上,应重点强调在高密度压力下对倒伏株率和空秆率的选择,优先考虑千粒重的增加,其次是行粒数的增加。 相似文献
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Practices and Prospects of Super Hybrid Rice Breeding 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
CHEN Li-yun XIAO Ying-hui TANG Wen-bang LEI Dong-yang 《水稻科学》2007,14(2):71-77
The great progress in super rice breeding both in China and other countries has been made in recent years. However, there were three main problems in super rice breeding: 1) the super rice varieties were still rare; 2) most super rice varieties exhibited narrow adaptability; and 3) current breeding theories emphasized too much on the rice growth model, but they were unpractical in guidance for rice breeding. According to the authors’ experience on the rice breeding, the breeding strategies including three steps (super parent breeding, super hybrid rice breeding and super hybrid rice seed production) were proposed, and the objectives of each step and the key technologies to achieve the goals were elucidated in detail. The super parent of hybrid rice should exhibit excellent performance in all agronomic traits, with the yield or sink capacity reached the level of the hybrid rice control in regional trials. The super hybrid rice combination should meet the following criteria: good rice quality, wide adaptation, lodging resistance, resistance to main insects and diseases, and the yield exceeded above 8% over the control varieties in the national and provincial regional trials. To achieve the goal, the technical strategies, such as selecting optimal combination of the parents, increasing selection pressure, paying more attention to harmony of ideal plant type, excellent physiological traits and all the agronomic traits, should be emphasized. The yield of seed production should reach 3.75 t/ha and 5.25 t/ha for the super hybrid rice combinations derived from early-season and middle-season types of male sterile lines, respectively. The main technologies for raising seed production yield included selecting optimum seed production site, using the male sterile line with large sink capacity and good outcrossing characteristics, and improving the amount of the pollen by intensive cultivation of the male parent. According to the technologies of the three-step breeding on super hybrid rice, two super rice parents, including a male parent 996 and a thermo(photo)-genic male sterile [T(P)GMS] line C815S, were bred. Furthermore, a super early hybrid rice combination, Luliangyou 996, which could be used as a double-season early rice variety in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China, was bred by using the super rice variety 996 as the male parent, and several hybrid rice combinations with higher yield than control variety in regional trials both of Hunan Province and state were bred with the T(P)GMS line C815S as the female parent. 相似文献
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鲜食型玉米育种目标和品种标准的探讨 总被引：29，自引：7，他引：29
本文根据鲜食型玉米的特殊性,结合我国鲜食型玉米科研和生产现状,就现阶段鲜食型玉米的育种目标和有关鲜食型玉米的品质、产量、抗性及有关农艺性状等品种标准问题进行探讨。 相似文献
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Lodging-related morphological traits of hybrid rice in a tropical irrigated ecosystem 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. Sirajul Islam Shaobing Peng Romeo M. Visperas Nelzo Ereful M. Sultan Uddin Bhuiya A.W. Julfiquar 《Field Crops Research》2007
Hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been proven to be effective in increasing yield potential, but lodging often limits its yield in high-yielding environments. This study was conducted to determine genotypic variation in lodging resistance and lodging-related morphological traits among hybrid and non-hybrid check varieties, and to identify the key morphological traits associated with lodging resistance. Lodging behavior of 16 rice genotypes, including 12 hybrids and four inbreds, was studied at the International Rice Research Institute farm during the 2004 wet season (WS) and 2005 dry season (DS). Grain yield and visual score of lodging were determined at maturity. Lodging-related morphological traits were measured at 30 days after flowering. Large genotypic differences in lodging-related morphological traits were observed. Among these traits, dry weight per unit length, breaking resistance, and lodging index (bending moment/breaking resistance × 100) of lower internodes were significantly correlated with visual score of lodging. Several hybrids demonstrated high lodging resistance although their average plant height was over 120 cm. The lodging-related morphological traits and visual score of lodging in these hybrids were comparable with those of the non-hybrid check varieties with strong lodging resistance. These results suggest that increases in dry weight per unit length and breaking resistance of lower internodes are primary targets for reducing lodging index, thus improving overall lodging resistance of hybrid rice in a breeding program. 相似文献
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2006～2009年间吉林省通过审定的玉米品种有203个,对审定品种的抗性鉴定结果进行分析,比较吉林省审定品种的抗性水平变化。结果表明,吉林省通过审定的品种在抗性方面大多属于综合中抗水平,在审定品种对所有病虫害的抗性鉴定结果中,对玉米大斑病、玉米茎腐病和玉米螟的抗性审定严格控制,对吉林省区域性发生且危害小的玉米弯孢菌叶斑病和能够通过种衣剂防控的玉米丝黑穗病要求相对降低。抗源筛选和分子辅助育种是现代抗逆育种的基础条件,耐密抗倒伏成为现代育种的重要指标。 相似文献
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多抗、高配合力玉米自交系丹598是以外引具有抗大斑病单基因的玉米自交系OH43H3,与具有抗大斑病多基因抗性的丹340、丹黄02和配合力较高、农艺性状较好的丹黄11及抗尾孢菌、弯孢菌叶斑病很强的外引杂交种后代选系丹黄18,经单交、复合杂交、回交及多代自交选育而成.鉴定与应用结果表明:丹598具有抗病、抗虫、抗倒伏、耐旱、配合力高、自身产量较高和适应性强等特点.以丹598为亲本,与Reid和Lancaster种群选系杂交具有很强的杂交优势,如丹玉26、丹玉39、丹科2123和东单60等已在全国大面积推广应用 相似文献
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[目的]明确影响中熟玉米品种产量的主要因素,为辽宁省中熟玉米品种选育和生产提供参考。[方法]根据2019年参加辽宁省中熟玉米区域试验种植的9个玉米新品种相关的农艺性状数据,利用多元线性回归法对玉米新品种的主要性状进行相关性分析,揭示其变化规律,为玉米农艺性状的选择提供参考。[结果]辽宁省中熟玉米品种与产量密切相关的农艺性状是百粒重、行粒数、出籽率、空秆率和穗长等;百粒重和行粒数是辽宁省中熟玉米杂交种选育的主要影响因素。[结论]在选育中熟玉米品种时,要在保证适当百粒重和果穗长度的前提下,注重选育出籽率高、空秆率低的品种。在高产玉米品种选育中应增强抗倒性、降低空秆率、提高出籽率,适当增加百粒重和穗粗,降低穗位高。 相似文献
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超级杂交稻育种三步法设想与实践 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
介绍了国内外水稻超高产育种的基本情况,提出了当前我国水稻超高产育种面临的新问题,即超级稻品种资源匮乏、部分超级杂交稻组合适应性较差、超高产水稻育种理论过于模式化等。针对当前形势,结合多年育种实践,提出了超级杂交稻育种三步法设想,即超级亲本选育——超级杂交组合选育——超级杂交制种,并详细阐述了各步骤的标准和实现其目标的技术路线。超级亲本要求综合性状优良,产量水平或库容量达到或基本达到各级区试对照杂交稻组合的水平。超级杂交稻组合的标准是品质优、适应性广、耐肥抗倒、对主要病虫害达中抗以上水平,产量水平较国家或省区试中对照增产8%左右。其选育的技术路线是通过双亲最佳组配方式,增加选择压力,注重理想株型和优良生理机能及其各性状间的高度协调。超级杂交制种产量水平根据不育系的类型来确定,其中早稻类型不育系杂交制种产量要求大面积达到3.75 t/hm2以上,中稻类型的不育系要求达到5.25 t/hm2以上。其技术路线是通过选择最佳的制种基地,选用库容量大和异交结实特性好的不育系,通过超大行比与超常规培育父本措施提高父本的花粉量,从而提高制种产量。按照超级杂交稻育种三步法的技术路线,成功选育了父本996和两用核不育系C815S两个超级杂交稻亲本,利用前者选育出适合长江中下游稻区作双季早稻种植的超级杂交早稻组合陆两优996,用后者选配出几个增产幅度大、极有应用前景的超级稻新组合。 相似文献