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利用简化基因组测序技术SLAF-seq,对国内外引进选育的81份鲜食甜、糯玉米自交系进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,共获得803 058个SLAF标签,其中,多态性SLAF标签373 764个。通过序列分析,获得169 128个有效单核苷酸(SNP)多态标记,利用这些SNP标记分析和构建了81份鲜食甜、糯玉米资源的群体结构和系统发生树,并将其分为2个群。结果表明,简化基因组测序技术SLAF-seq能高效、低廉地开发出大量SNP标记,是作物种质资源群体遗传分析的有效工具。研究结果为甜玉米不同基因的聚合、温-热种质杂交育种、鲜食甜、糯玉米亚种间杂交育种提供依据,有利于鲜食甜、糯玉米自交系的高效利用、品种选育及杂种优势群的建立。 相似文献
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玉米抗锈病自交系种质的发掘与评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用遗传育种上较为常用的184份玉米自交系(包括121份普通玉米和63份糯玉米),在两个环境下对锈病抗性进行鉴定,共筛选出K22、齐319、T2等18份高抗系和农大1145、中128、R-8等18份抗病系,普通玉米自交系中高抗和抗病的占26%,糯玉米自交系中只占6%。基于SNP标记基因频率的系统聚类将184份自交系划分为9个类群,从血缘类群上来看,普通玉米自交系中P类群最抗,塘四平头类群锈病抗性最差;糯玉米自交系中热带类群抗性稍好,所有类群间病情指数差异均达到极显著水平。 相似文献
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利用SNP标记划分甜玉米自交系的杂种优势类群 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
利用1 031个SNP标记对39份甜玉米自交系进行基因型分析,结果表明,1 031个SNP标记在供试材料中的平均多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.290,最小等位基因频率(MAF)平均值为0.275。39份自交系间遗传距离变化范围为0.032~0.678,平均值为0.430。通过Neighbor-joining(NJ)聚类分析,将供试材料划分为5个类群,分别为华珍母本群、京甜糯2群、彩甜糯群、温带种质群和华珍父本群。5个类群间遗传距离变化范围较小,在0.394~0.445之间。华珍父本群与温带种质群之间的遗传距离为0.394,彩甜糯群与华珍父本群、温带种质群之间的遗传距离为0.445。 相似文献
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利用SSR标记研究85个玉米自交系的遗传多样性 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：18
利用均匀分布在玉米基因组上的70对SSR引物研究了73个国内外早熟类群玉米自交系、6份CIMMYT标准测验种和6份国内标准测验种的遗传多样性。研究结果表明，70对引物在供试材料中共检测出286个等位基因变异，每对引物检测出2～8个等位基因，平均4.1个。每个位点的多态性信息量(PIC)变化为0.18～0.81，平均为0.58。85个自交系之间的遗传相似系数变化范围在0.43～0.93之间，平均为0.66。UPGMA聚类分析表明，85份供试自交系划分为6个亚群合并后为A、B两大类群，主坐标分析结果与聚类分析结果相似，均与自交系系谱来源关系基本一致。外来种质和未知自交系被划分到相应的杂种优势类群。 相似文献
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利用3个密度的SNP标记对44份玉米自交系进行杂种优势群划分,包括8份对照自交系和36份辽宁省常用育种自交系。利用56k玉米芯片共筛选得到了46 899个高质量的SNP标记,作为高密度SNP标记划分杂种优势群,然后筛选1 008、101个SNP标记分别作为中密度和低密度SNP标记用于分群。结果表明,部分自交系的遗传相似度达到90%以上,不宜作为不同自交系进行育种应用。3个密度下的SNP标记都有效地将待测玉米自交系划分为4个杂种优势群,分别为瑞德群、兰卡斯特群、旅大红骨与塘四平头混合群以及类PH4CV群。对比高密度SNP标记,利用中低密度SNP标记划分的杂种优势群内部分自交系间的遗传距离发生变化,不能精确解析杂种优势群群内自交系的亲缘关系。划分杂种优势群可以采用中低密度的SNP育种芯片;群内自交系亲缘关系的区分应该采用高密度SNP芯片。 相似文献
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用SSR标记划分云南糯玉米地方品种资源遗传类群的研究 总被引：16，自引：6，他引：16
利用SSR标记对37个云南糯玉米地方品种遗传多样性和遗传关系进行研究,和5个国内主要自交系进行优势群的划分。结果表明:从国内外所用的63对核心引物中筛选出PIC值高、稳定的20对玉米核心SSR引物扩增出225个等位基因,平均多态信息量PIC值为0.87、标记索引系数MI值9.91、Shannon多样性指数I为0.54;37个云南糯玉米地方品种可划分为5大类群13个小类群;少数的云南糯玉米种质资源与常见的5大杂种优势群的遗传距离较近,而大多数资源则较远,可形成多个单独的类群,云南糯玉米地方种质资源具有广泛的遗传基础;来自不同地区或来自同一地区不同云南糯玉米资源与5大优势群之间的遗传相似度均有很大差异。 相似文献
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玉米生理成熟后子粒自然脱水速率是影响收获时子粒含水量的重要因素之一。以179份玉米自交系为试验材料,分别在生理成熟期和收获期测定子粒含水量,分析生理成熟后子粒脱水速率。通过聚类分析,179份玉米自交系按子粒脱水速率快慢可分为4类,属于子粒脱水速率快的自交系有13份,平均脱水速率为1.29%/d。利用2 824个SNP标记,将13份快速脱水的玉米自交系划分为5个杂种优势群,可为选育收获期子粒含水量低、适宜机收子粒的玉米品种提供参考。 相似文献
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黄淮海地区主要玉米自交系的SSR遗传多样性分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用70对SSR引物研究了我国黄淮海地区63份玉米自交系的遗传多样性。共检测出277个等位基因变异,每对引物检测等位基因2～7个,平均3.96个,每个位点的多态性信息量介于0.177～0.827,平均0.581。63份自交系之间的遗传相似系数变化范围在0.62～0.91。聚类分析表明,63份自交系被划分为4个群。在黄淮海地区利用的骨干种质为PA(Reid)、塘四平头(D)和PB(non-Reid),杂种优势模式主要为PA×塘四平头。群内平均遗传相似系数高于群间的平均遗传相似系数,生产上主要推广杂交种的亲本自交系大多来自不同杂种优势群。提供27对区分能力强的SSR引物,用于供试自交系的快速聚类,结果与系谱来源及70对引物的聚类结果基本一致。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献