首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The concentration of total plasma bile acids was measured in normal sheep and in sheep in which liver damage was induced by chronic copper poisoning, ligated bile ducts or induced ketosis. All three treatments produced a rise in total bile acid concentration in plasma which was proportional to the degree of hepatic damage seen histologically and which tended to parallel changes in activity of iditol, and glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate amino-transferase in plasma. Plasma bile acid concentration was a more sensitive method of detecting these types of liver damage than was the measurement of total plasma bilirubin concentration, and could be used to assess alterations in liver function in sheep.  相似文献   

2.
The clinicopathological features of 50 cases of equine hepatic disease were reviewed. There was a wide range of clinical signs and at least 50 per cent of the animals exhibited either dull demeanour, anorexia, abdominal pain, cerebral dysfunction and/or weight loss. Life-threatening complications of hepatic failure recorded were: gastric impaction in 10 cases, bilateral laryngeal paralysis in seven cases and coagulopathy in five cases. All the cases had high activities of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and most had high activities of glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and high concentrations of bile acids. Fewer of the horses had abnormal concentrations of bilirubin, albumin and globulin. The horses that were euthanased or died had significantly higher concentrations of GGT, GLDH and bile acids than the survivors. There were biochemical data for 18 cases with signs of hepatic encephalopathy, all of them had plasma ammonia levels greater than 90 micromol/litre but this was not significantly correlated with the clinical severity of the condition. Half of the cases with hepatic encephalopathy were hyperglycaemic, none was hypoglycaemic, and none had abnormally low levels of plasma urea.  相似文献   

3.
The concentrations of phenobarbitone, albumin, bile acids and cholesterol, and the activities of alkaline phosphatase (AP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) were measured in the serum of 95 epileptic dogs whose clinical signs were controlled with phenobarbitone. The dogs were divided into groups on the basis of the concentration of phenobarbitone in their serum, the dose administered and the duration of the treatment. The concentration of phenobarbitone in serum was directly related to the activities of ALT, AP, GGT and GLDH and inversely related to the concentration of albumin. There was no significant relationship between the duration of treatment and the serum concentration of phenobarbitone, but there was a significant relationship between the duration of treatment and the activities of ALT, AP and GLDH. Thirty-five of the dogs (37 per cent) had serum activities of AP above the normal range, 19 had abnormally high activities of ALT, and 15 had high activities of GLDH, but these incidences were not related to the serum concentration of phenobarbitone. The dogs receiving higher doses for longer periods had the highest incidence of high activities of AP, ALT and GLDH. The concentration of bile acids in seven of the dogs was above the normal range but there was no relationship between the concentration and either the serum concentration, dose or duration of treatment with phenobarbitone.  相似文献   

4.
The concentrations of copper, molybdenum and zinc were measured in the liver of normal grazing sheep and lambs from Eastern Norway, and in sheep dead of chronic copper poisoning. The following mean values were found: Normal sheep: 173 ± 130 μg Gu/g wet weight, 1.0 ±0.3 μg Mo/g, and 49 ± 10 μg Zn/g; lambs: 129 ± 59 μg Gu/g, 0.9 ± 0.3 μg Mo/g, and 46 ±9 μg Zn/g; sheep dead of copper poisoning: 429 ± 249 μg Gu/g, 0.4 ± 0.1 μg Mo/g, and 43 ± 2d μg Zn/g. Sheep with low liver copper (Gu < 10 μg/g) were also analyzed for molybdenum and zinc, with the following results: 1.0 ± 0.2 μg Mo/g, and 45 ± 8 μg Zn/g wet weight. The differences in liver copper between all the groups, and the differences in molybdenum concentrations between the normal sheep and the lambs and between the normal sheep and the poisoned sheep were significant (P < 0.001). No significant correlations between liver copper/liver molybdenum or liver copper/liver zinc were detected.  相似文献   

5.
The complement-fixation test used at Onderstepoort was compared with the method used at A.D.R.I. on infected calf and sheep sera. In the first method, the tests are incubated at 37°C for 90 minutes and the test sera are inactivated at 53°C; whereas in the A.D.R.I. method, the test sera are inactivated at 60°C for 30 minutes, incubation is at 9°C for 18 hours, and guinea-pig complement is supplemented with 5 per cent fresh, non-inactivated, normal calf serum. Serial serum samples from one of six experimentally infected calves were negative in the Onderstepoort test, three calves gave only trace reactions and two showed maximum titres of 1:10 whereas all six had maximum serum titres of 1:10 to 1:80 in the A.D.R.I. test. A good correlation was obtained, however, between the results of the two methods with the sera of experimentally inoculated sheep although titres 3 to 8 times higher were obtained with the A.D.R.I.'s test. Post inoculation bleedings from each sheep reacted in both tests.  相似文献   

6.
Plasma bile acids, plasma amino acids, and the total hepatic pools of aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase were compared in control sheep (Group 1), sheep with subclinical pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis (Group 2), and in sheep with acute hepatocellular necrosis associated with the hemolytic phase of chronic copper poisoning (Group 3). Subclinical pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis was not associated with any changes in bile acid or amino acid status but was associated with a significant decline in the hepatic pools of sorbitol dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase. This observation could not be explained in terms of enzyme leakage from damaged hepatocytes and suggested that pyrrolizidine alkaloids might specifically inhibit hepatocellular enzyme synthesis. Group 3 sheep also had reduced hepatic enzyme pools which were at least partly referable to enzyme leakage from damaged hepatocytes. In these sheep, increases in plasma bile acids were a more sensitive index of hepatic function than were either increased aromatic amino acid concentration or the ratio between branched chain and aromatic amino acids.  相似文献   

7.
The effect of dietary chloride content (0·2, 0·4 and 1·3 per cent chloride on a dry matter basis) on the disposition of a single oral dose of bromide (14 mg kg−1 was evaluated in normal beagles. Increasing the dietary chloride content from 0·2 to 1·3 per cent resulted in a significant decrease in the mean apparent elimination half-life from 69 ± 22 days to 24 ± 7 days. The mean area under the concentration curve ( ) for dogs fed 1·3 per cent chloride was significantly smaller than the for dogs fed 0·2 per cent chloride. Dietary chloride had no effect on the maximum serum concentrations (Cmax) or on the time (Tmax) to reach the maximum concentrations. The steady-state serum bromide concentrations predicted from the single dose data for daily doses of 14 mg kg−1 of bromide were significantly lower in dogs fed 1·3 per cent chloride (310 ± 150 mg litre−1) than in dogs fed 0·2 per cent chloride (1950 ± 1140 mg litre−1). The predicted mean daily doses of bromide necessary to maintain serum levels within the therapeutic range for dogs fed 1·3 per cent chloride (43 ± 13 mg kg−1) were almost twice as high as the dose estimated for dogs fed 0·4 per cent chloride (22 ± 3 mg kg−1) and nearly three times as high as the dose estimated for dogs fed 0·2 per cent chloride (15 ± 4 mg kg−l). These differences were statistically significant (P=0·002).  相似文献   

8.
The clinical usefulness of measuring serum bile acid concentrations as a diagnostic test for hepatobiliary disease was examined in 80 cats that were suspected of having hepatic disease. Serum values of total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) also were measured. Fasting serum bile acid values were determined by use of solid-phase radioimmunoassay for total conjugated bile acids or by a direct enzymatic spectrophotometric method. A definitive diagnosis was established by histologic examination of the liver, and on the basis of these findings, cats were assigned to groups (1 to 8, respectively) including: extrahepatic bile duct obstruction, hepatic lipidosis, cirrhosis, intrahepatic cholestasis (cholangiohepatitis, cholangitis), neoplasia, hepatic necrosis, portosystemic vascular anomalies, and miscellaneous. Cats in group 8 had no morphologic evidence of hepatobiliary disease or had hepatic lesions that were mild. Test efficacy of fasting serum bile acids, total bilirubin, ALP, ALT, and AST were expressed by use of 4 indices: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. The diagnostic efficacy of fasting serum bile acids was examined alone and in combinations with the other tests. There was wide overlapping of values of fasting serum bile acids, total bilirubin, ALP, ALT, and AST among cats in groups 1 to 7. The specificity of fasting serum bile acids for the diagnosis of hepatic disease exceeded 90% at values greater than or equal to 5 mumol/L and reached 100% at greater than or equal to 15 mumol/L.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

9.
Eleven native sheep, 1–2 years old, of both sexes were randomly divided into two groups, 6 sheep being allocated to the experimental group and 5 serving as controls. The sheep in the experimental group were fed 80% Tribulus terrestris and 20% alfalfa hay and wheat straw, while the control sheep were given a mixture of 40% alfalfa hay and 60% wheat straw. Clinical signs of hepatogenous photosensitivity were observed from day 11, including reddening and crust formation on the muzzle, nose, ears and eyelids, depression, weight loss, icterus, conjunctivitis, and yellow discoloration of the urine. Laboratory findings on weekly samples indicated significant differences (p<0.05) in white blood cell count, total plasma protein and fibrinogen, total and direct bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations, and aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities. There were no significant differences in the packed cell volume, in the neutrophil, lymphocyte or eosinophil counts, or in the serum calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium or chloride concentrations. At necropsy of the experimental animals, there were various degrees of generalized icterus and the livers were swollen and discolored by bile pigment. Histopathological examination revealed varying amounts of crystalloid material in the bile ducts and renal tubules, hepatocellular degeneration, biliary fibrosis and proliferation, renal tubular necrosis and focal necrosis of cardiac muscle.  相似文献   

10.
Point-of-care analyzers (POCAs) for quantitative assessment of bile acids (BAs) are scarce in veterinary medicine. We evaluated the Fuji Dri-Chem Immuno AU10V analyzer and v-BA test kit (Fujifilm) for detection of feline and canine total serum BA concentration. Results were compared with a 5th-generation assay as reference method and a 3rd-generation assay, both run on a bench-top analyzer. Analytical performance was assessed at 3 different concentration ranges, and with interferences. For method comparison, samples of 60 healthy and diseased cats and 64 dogs were included. Linearity was demonstrated for a BA concentration up to 130 µmol/L in cats (r = 0.99) and 110 µmol/L in dogs (r = 0.99). The analyzer showed high precision near the lower limit of quantification of 2 µmol/L reported by the manufacturer. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were < 5% for both species and all concentrations. Interferences were observed for bilirubin (800 mg/L) and lipid (4 g/L). There was excellent correlation with the reference method for feline (rs = 0.98) and canine samples (rs = 0.97), with proportional biases of 6.7% and −1.3%, respectively. However, a large bias (44.1%) was noted when the POCA was compared to the 3rd-generation assay. Total observed error was less than total allowable error at the 3 concentrations. The POCA reliably detected feline and canine BA in clinically relevant concentrations.  相似文献   

11.
The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of short-term fasting in gilts on endocrinological and blood biochemical parameters and, further, the effects of subsequent oral endotoxin (ET) administration. Group 1 was fasted for 30 h and then received feed with ET added. Group 2 was fasted for 30 h but received standard feed at refeeding. In group 3, gilts were fed every 6 h for 30 h. The major effects of fasting were: gradually increased concentration of plasma prostaglandin F2α metabolite, serum total bilirubin, serum free fatty acids, and decreased serum glucose. The values were normalized within 1–4 h of refeeding. Twelve hours after refeeding, the ET-refed gilts showed higher levels of serum total bile acids and polymorphonuclear leukocytes than those in group 2. It is possible that the observed changes during fasting reflect either an increased intestinal uptake of naturally present endotoxin or a reduced endotoxin detoxifying capacity of the liver. The increased bile acid concentration and polymorphonuclear leukocyte count following refeeding with ET-feed may indicate that orally administered ET is to some extent absorbed from the gut.  相似文献   

12.
A Somali cat was presented with recurrent anorexia, lethargy, vomiting and icterus. A macrocytic-hypochromic, regenerative haemolytic anaemia was identified and hereditary pyruvate kinase deficiency was confirmed by means of breed-specific DNA mutation analysis. The case was complicated by the presence of markedly elevated serum liver enzyme activities, hyperbilirubinaemia, coagulopathy and ultrasonographic evidence of gall bladder choleliths and extrahepatic bile duct obstruction. The choleliths consisted of 100 per cent bilirubin, likely because of chronic haemolysis and haeme degradation. In conclusion, haemosiderosis and bilirubin cholelithiasis can be a consequence of chronic haemolysis in pyruvate kinase-deficient cats, as seen in human beings with a variety of chronic haemolytic disorders.  相似文献   

13.
The biological behaviour of porcine 131I-albumin has been investigated in 11 normal pigs, weight appr. 20 kg. Mean values obtained from the experiments are: Albumin degradation: 15.1 ± 2.1 per cent/day (0.18 ± 0.01 g/kg/day), extravascular: intravascular albumin ratio: 1.71 ± 0.29. Fecal excretion of radio-activity ranged from 0.77—1.87 per cent of the dose (mean: 1.11 per cent) during the first 4 days of the experiment.

The results are discussed with special reference to the rôle of the gastrointestinal tract in health and in various digestive disorders.

  相似文献   

14.
Blood samples were collected monthly over a nine-month period from 19 high-producing Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Dry cows on the lowest (13 per cent) protein ration had the highest mean values for packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cells (RBC). Among the lactating cows, the group on the 13 per cent protein diet had the highest mean PCV, Hb and RBC values. Other constituents were not affected significantly by dietary protein levels. Packed cell volume, RBC, Hb, serum iron (SI), iron binding capacity (IBC) and serum albumin concentrations decreased early in lactation and rose to pre-lactation levels by mid-lactation. PCV and Hb concentrations remained low for periods up to four months. RBC count was lowest in the second month while albumin concentration was lowest in the first month and remained low up to the second month. IBC was lowest in the first month of lactation while SI concentrations were lowest in the third month. There were no significant variations in the activities of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) and reduced glutathione (GSH). The 13 per cent protein ration had no anaemia-inducing effect on the cows.  相似文献   

15.
Tick-borne fever (TBF) is a rickettsial disease of domestic and wild ruminants in temperate climates where the hard tick Ixodes ricinus is present. The disease is characterized by a high temperature and severe leukopenia. In the present study, the effects of TBF on the activity of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and on the concentrations of plasma zinc, iron, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine and albumin were investigated by inoculating one group of eight sheep and one group of eight goats with the Old Sourhope (OS) strain of Ehrlichia (Cytoecetes) phagocytophila. All goats and sheep experimentally infected with E. phagocytophila reacted with fever, rickettsiaemia and leukopenia. The leukopenia was due to an acute lymphocytopenia and prolonged neutropenia. In both groups of animals. TBF was characterized by significant reductions in the activities of serum ALP and concentrations of plasma zinc, iron and albumin. However, there were significant increases in the concentrations of plasma total bilirubin, urea and creatinine in both species of animals. The reductions in ALP and iron were significantly more pronounced in sheep than in goats.  相似文献   

16.
The clinical pathology of Schistosoma curassoni infection in sheep and goats was studied for 22 weeks following experimental infection with 7000 and 4000 cercariae, respectively. Excretion of eggs began at week 7 after infection: in goats the numbers increased to 30 to 50 eggs per gram faeces (epg) at weeks 8 to 18, followed by a reduction. In a pregnant goat, epg values increased markedly before and after parturition. The mean faecal egg counts in sheep were lower than in goats, increasing to a maximum level of 30 epg at weeks 16 and 17 after infection. Infected sheep maintained growth rates roughly comparable with controls, whereas infected goats failed to gain as much weight as the controls. Infected goats and sheep produced eosinophil counts of about 3 x 10(3) mm-3, five and eight weeks after infection, respectively. Sheep developed a progressive anaemia from week 11 after infection, in goats blood values remained within normal limits. Differences in serum protein concentration were observed between infected and uninfected goats about nine weeks after infection, but not in sheep. Increased total protein values, hyperglobulinaemia and lowered albumin to globulin ratios were features of infected goats. Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, total lactate dehydrogenase and bilirubin were not significantly changed. The mean recovery in sheep was 608 worms, in goats 428 worms, but the total tissue egg counts were higher in the latter. Of the total eggs deposited in the goats 92 per cent were found in the liver with 51.5 per cent in the ovine liver. The histopathological changes were studied.  相似文献   

17.
The medical records of 18 dogs that had hepatic disease and received phenobarbital as an anticonvulsant for 5 to 82 months were reviewed. Clinical signs included sedation and ataxia in all dogs, 5 dogs were also anorectic, 2 had coagulopathy, 3 were icteric, and 5 had ascites. Serum biochemical analysis revealed serum albumin concentration less than or equal to 2.2. g/dl in 12 dogs, serum alkaline phosphatase activity greater than or equal to 169 U/L in 18 dogs, serum alanine transaminase activity greater than or equal to 57 U/L in 15 dogs, and total bilirubin concentration greater than or equal to 1 mg/dl (in the absence of lipemia) in 7 dogs. Serum phenobarbital concentration was greater than or equal to 40 micrograms/ml in 12 of 17 dogs. Sulfobromophthalein excretion was prolonged in 8 of 10 dogs. Preprandial serum bile acid concentrations were high in 8 of 10 dogs, and 2-hour postprandial serum bile acid concentrations were high in 9 of 10 dogs. Two of 4 dogs tested had resting plasma ammonia concentrations greater than 200 mg/dl. An ammonia tolerance test was performed on 2 other dogs; both had ammonia concentration greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl in the plasma 30 minutes after receiving 100 mg of ammonium chloride/kg of body weight, PO. Nine dogs died, 1 was euthanatized, and necropsies were performed on these 10 dogs. Biopsies and necropsies of 6 dogs revealed chronic hepatic fibrosis with nodular regeneration (cirrhosis). One dog had hepatocellular carcinoma and mild cirrhosis. In 1 dog, after phenobarbital had been withheld, necropsy revealed complete recovery of the previously observed lesions.  相似文献   

18.
Forty-three reticuloruminal epithelial receptors, with excitatory receptive fields within the reticulum, were isolated in 19 anaesthetised sheep. The responsiveness of these receptors to acetic, propionic, butyric and DL-lactic acids were assessed as well as their ability to be activated by rumen fluids obtained from sheep with induced ruminal lactic acidosis. Eighteen (41.9 per cent) receptors were excited by all three volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and 17 (39.5 per cent) responded to two VFAs. Butyric acid was the most potent volatile fatty acid eliciting responses in 41 (95.3 per cent) receptors. Acetic acid activated 33 (76.7 per cent) receptors and propionic acid excited 22 (53.5 per cent) receptors. DL-lactic acid only activated 13 (30.2 per cent) receptors, six of which required concentrations of 200 mM to be activated. Rumen fluids obtained when forestomach motility was impaired, activated 37 (81.1 per cent) of the 43 receptors, whereas rumen fluids obtained when forestomach motility was normal did not activate any receptors. Despite the high levels of lactic acid in rumen fluids which activated epithelial receptors, this acid was not responsible for receptor excitation.  相似文献   

19.
Acute phase protein concentrations in blood, food intake and liveweight changes were compared in 10 sheep given intrathoracic injections of yeast and 10 control sheep over a period of 61 days. The yeast injections caused acute pleuritis and limited necrotising lung lesions which progressed to fibrous pleural adhesions and walled-off abscesses. The responses of ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen and haptoglobin were closely correlated (r = 0·87 to 0·91) in the yeast-injected sheep with peaks on days 5 or 7 after treatment (4, 4·6 and over 130 times control, respectively). Albumin concentration fell to a nadir of 89 per cent of control on day 12 after treatment. Depression of food intake was temporally related to the ‘positive’ acute phase protein responses with a nadir on day 5 after treatment (30 per cent of control). Liveweight showed a pronounced fall to five days after treatment and thereafter remained depressed relative to the controls for most of the experimental period. The data suggest that the ‘positive’ acute phase proteins may be useful indicators of production losses due to inflammatory diseases in sheep.  相似文献   

20.
In samples collected from 170 dogs suspected of having hepatobiliary disease, preprandial serum bile acids (PRSBA) and postprandial serum bile acids (POSBA) concentrations were measured, using a spectrophotometric enzymatic method. Dogs were assigned to 8 disease groups and 1 control group on the basis of hepatic histopathologic findings. Pre- and postprandial SBA concentrations and results of routine biochemical analyses (including total bilirubin, albumin, and BUN concentrations, and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities) were expressed, using 4 indices: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Single tests and combinations of tests in series were evaluated. For diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease, the specificity of PRSBA was 100% at values greater than 20 mumol/L and of POSBA was 100% at values greater than 25 mumol/L. Test combinations with the best sensitivity for diagnosing the following diseases were: PRSBA-POSBA for cirrhosis, portosystemic vascular anomaly, and glucocorticoid hepatopathy; PRSBA-POSBA or PRSBA-ALP for cholestasis; PRSBA-POSBA or ALT-AST for chronic hepatitis; PRSBA-ALT for hepatic necrosis and passive congestion; and PRSBA-ALP for neoplasia. Test combinations with the overall highest sensitivity and positive predictive value for the fewest number of tests were PRSBA-POSBA, and either PRSBA or POSBA combined with an enzyme activity (ALT, AST, or ALP). The overall test efficacy for PRSBA vs POSBA was nearly identical: for PRSBA, it was 82.4%, and for POSBA, it was 82.3%. On the basis of the results of this study, PRSBA greater than 20 mumol/L or POSBA greater than 25 mumol/L (measured by use of an enzymatic procedure) indicates histopathologic abnormalities of the hepatobiliary system or portosystemic vascular anastomosis. Seemingly, determination of SBA concentrations can be used to indicate the propriety for hepatic biopsy. Pre- and postprandial serum bile acids concentrations should be evaluated in conjunction with routinely used hepatobiliary screening tests for best diagnostic advantage.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号