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Codiostomum struthionis is a nematode parasite of the ostrich caecum. Little is known about its pathology, being considered by many authors as a non-pathogenic parasite. Infections by C. struthionis are sometimes overlooked because its eggs are indistinguishable from another ostrich nematode, Libyostrongylus spp. Fecal cultures and infective larvae identification are necessary for proper identification. The aim of this study is to provide improved morphological characterization of adults and infective larvae of C. struthionis. Ten caeca of adult ostriches were collected and washed in 0.09% saline solution. Male and female nematodes were collected and quantified separately. Nematodes were fixed in A.F.A. for optical microscopy or fixed in Karnovsky solution for scanning electron microscopy. To obtain infective larvae, fecal samples were collected at sites of high concentration of parasites in the caeca and fecal cultured. The resultant larvae were identified and measured with light microscope at 400x. Nine of the 10 slaughtered ostriches were parasitized by C. struthionis. All nematodes were found in the distal third of the caeca. A total of 566 parasites were recovered (234 males and 332 females). All the cultured larvae had characteristics of C. struthionis (rounded cephalic region with a flat extremity, an acute larvae tail termination and a long and filamentous sheath tail). All the adult parasites were characterized as C. struthionis. Through the analysis of the infective larvae it was determined that the morphology of the larvae tail was the best trait to use in the distinction of this species (live bird diagnosis). 相似文献
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Apanaskevich DA Horak IG Camicas JL 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2007,74(3):181-208
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上接2003,342:96信息激素的电生理反应Schneider(1956、1957、1959)曾详细地研究了桑蚕雄虫触角对于性外激素(蚕醇)的电生理效应。他们用刚切下的一段触角,插入一个微小的、涂氯化银的电极,通过一个放大器连接到一个示波器上,记录下触角在受雌虫性外激素(及其他化合物)的作用下的作用电位。这个典型的反应就是触角电位图(Electroan-tennogram简称EAG),而其它的嗅觉刺激物或药品则引起不同形状的EAG。EAG的振幅和该引诱剂的浓度直接相关。当嗅觉刺激物是雌性蚕蛾性引诱剂的提取物时,在雄蛾触角中的电活性提高,但在雌蛾中则没有。当刺激… 相似文献
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N. G. Sales S. A. dos Santos F. P. Arantes R. E. S. Hojo J. E. dos Santos 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2013,42(3):213-219
The morphology of the ovaries and oogenesis of Pimelodella vittata were studied using anatomical and histological techniques to provide information of its reproductive biology. Eighty adult females were captured trimonthly during the period November 2005 to October 2006. The ovaries are paired, saculiform organs, which are coated with tunica albuginea and contain ovigerous lamellae, where the oocytes develop before being released into the ovarian lumen and following the ovarian duct until reaching the genital papilla. Oogenesis was divided into stages based on the alterations to the nucleus, ooplasm and surrounding follicular layers. Oogonia form groups from the germinal epithelium have asynchronous development and differentiate into initial perinucleolar oocytes. The formation of the zona pellucida is initiated in the advanced perinucleolar oocytes reaching a thickness of 1.46 ± 0.58 μm in the vitellogenic oocytes. The follicular cells are squamous in perinucleolar oocytes, become cubical in the pre‐vitellogenic oocytes and prismatic in the vitellogenic oocytes with a height of 11.20 ± 4.74 μm. The histochemical reactions indicate that zona pellucida, cortical alveoli and yolk globules contain neutral glycoproteins and the follicular cells contain neutral glycoproteins in association with carboxylated and sulphated glycoconjugates. Statistical analyses showed significant differences in the diameter of the oocytes and follicular cells height as oocytes matured. This study represents the first data about the ovarian structure and oogenesis of this species. 相似文献
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The present study examined the salivary glands of Rhipicephalus sanguineus males at days 0, 3, and 7 post-detachment from the host. Degeneration of this organ occurred in the three stages and it advanced as time away from the host progressed. Thus, characteristics of degeneration were more prominent in males at day 7 post-detachment than in males at day 0 post-detachment. In males at day 0 post-detachment, type I acini were intact; while in other stages these acini exhibited signs of degeneration. In type II acini of individuals at day 0 post-detachment, cells a, c1-c5, c8, and indeterminate were identified. Only c1 and c8 were intact. The remaining cell types were undergoing degeneration, as well as all cells d-f in type III acini, and all g in type IV acini. In males at day 3 post-detachment from the host, all cells (a, c1-c5, c8 and indeterminate) of type II acini, cells d and e in type III acini, and g in type IV were undergoing degeneration. In some Indeterminate acini, the boundaries of cells still could be distinguished, while in others, only a cytoplasmic mass was observed. At day 3 post-detachment, apoptotic bodies were present. In males at day 7 post-detachment from the host, the degeneration process progressed. All cells a, c1, c3-c5, c8 and indeterminate in type II, and d and e in type III acini were undergoing degeneration. Type IV acini still contained remnants of secretion and in Indeterminate acini, only a cytoplasmic mass could be observed. At this stage, apoptotic bodies were also present. The present study still revealed that cells of salivary glands of R. sanguineus males when degenerating undergo the following changes: (a) decrease in secretion production with or without granule breakage, (b) changes in nuclear morphology, (c) cytoplasm shrinkage, (d) loss of cell shape, (e) loss of cell boundaries, and (e) cytoplasmic vacuolation. Together, these changes result in cell fragmentation with release of apoptotic bodies. 相似文献
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Cylicospirura (Cylicospirura) felineus (Chandler, 1925) Sandground, 1933 is reported from a cat in South Africa for the first time. The nematode was present in a gastric parasitic nodule in a male domestic cat, and three males were recovered as well as the anterior parts of three and the posterior parts of two gravid females. The heads of two specimens of undetermined sex were also found. Part of the removed parasitic nodule was processed for histopathological examination. The parasitic nodule was located in the submucosa and slightly expanded into the muscular layer. In its centre were small necrotic areas containing debris of inflammatory cells, adult nematodes and numerous bacterial colonies. Neutrophils, eosinophils, plasma cells and lymphocytes, as well as fibroblasts, were the predominant cell types. The serosal surface of the stomach remained unaffected. Some comparative morphological as well as ecological data concerning Cylicospirura (Cylicospirura) Vevers, 1922 in other feline hosts, mainly from Australia, India and North America, are included. 相似文献
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Marine tardigrades are very poorly known and up to now only c. 200 taxa have been reported around the world (mostly from European coasts). In a marine algae sample, collected on the coast of Fuerteventura island (Atlantic Ocean, Canary Islands), six specimens of three marine Arthrotardigrada species were found: Archechiniscus minutus Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo, 1987, Styraconyx craticulus (Pollock, 1983) and Styraconyx sargassi Thulin, 1942. This is the third record of marine tardigrades from the Canary Islands. In this paper we also list all heterotardigrades known from marine environments around Africa. 相似文献
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Emergence of the adult flies took place mainly between 7 and 9 a.m. The feeding mechanim was described. The prefeeding period varied from several seconds to 30 minutes. The duration of a complete blood meal took, on average, 8 minutes, and adults had to take a blood meal at least every 6 hours. The weight of the blood meal taken by newly emerged flies was 2.56 mg and 3.35 mg in males and females, respectively. The flies starvation more easily in moist than in dry atmosphere, and newly emerged flies in the laboratory were more tolerant to starvation that were flies collected in the field. Female flies were less affected by starvation than males. Male and female flies reached sexual maturity after 8 and 5.40 days, respectively, and sex ratio was 43.96% males and 56.04% females. The act of mating was described. The duration was 12 minutes. The period epapsing between two successive larvipositions was determined during August (3.6 days), November (4.1 days), February (6.4 days) and May (3.9 days). The third larval stage was described. The mean adult longevity in August was 41 and 45,6 days in males and females, respectively, whereas in February it was 56.6 and 64.9. The number of larvae laid per female was 8.2 in August and 8.7 in February.The external morphology of the pupa was described. The effect of adult food on the pupal size and weight was tested. The maximum pupal period under insectary conditions was of the larvae laid during the 4th week of November (142 days) and the minimum was for the larvae laid during the fourth week of June of the second week of July (19 days). The effect of temperature on the pupal duration was described. The shortest duration (18.8 days) occured at 32°C, while the longest (130.1 days) was at 20°C. No emergence occured at temperatures above 32°C. Study of the effect of relative humidity on the pupal duration revealed that 40% humidity was the optimum for pual development. The mean duration of pupal produced by flies reared on guinea pigs was slightly longer (20.54 days) than those obtained from flies reared on dogs (20.08 days). 相似文献
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Saito KC Bechara GH Nunes ET de Oliveira PR Denardi SE Mathias MI 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,129(3-4):299-311
This study presents the morphology of the ovary, as well as the dynamics of the vitellogenesis process in oocytes of the cattle-tick Boophilus microplus. The ovary of these individuals is of the panoistic type; therefore, it lacks nurse cells. This organ consists of a single tubular structure, continuous, and composed of a lumen delimitated by a wall of small epithelial cells with rounded nuclei. In this tick species, the oocytes were classified into six stages varying from I to VI and according to: cytoplasm appearance and presence of the germ vesicle, yolk granules, and chorion. Oocytes of various sizes and at different developmental stages remain attached to the ovary through a cellular pedicel until completing stage V. Afterwards, they are liberated into the lumen and from there to the exterior. Some oocytes (classified as type VI) showed an atypical appearance indicating that some of the cellular components would be undergoing a degenerative process and/or reabsorption. 相似文献
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Rodríguez-Batista Z Leite RC Oliveira PR Lopes CM Borges LM 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,130(3-4):343-346
Populational flux of the adult phase of Stomoxys calcitrans was observed in the municipal district of Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Three biocenoses were selected for the study: stable agrobiocenosis, pastural agrobiocenosis and eubiocenosis. The occurrence and the populational flux of the insects, using the Magoon trap for their capture, were established. For each trap located in different biocenoses, a crossbred calf (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) approximately 6-month-old was used as “live bait,” exposed weekly for 48 h in the traps. Of the three agrobiocenoses studied, the stable agrobiocenosis contributed the greatest number of specimens of. S. calcitrans captured, corresponding to 96.9% of the total flies of this species collected. S. calcitrans shows seasonal behavior for approximately 6 months (spring and summer being the rainiest months of the year). The population peaked during the months of November and December. During the months of July and August, there was no capture of flies. 相似文献
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Soluble esterase isozymes from Raillietina tetragona were separated in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which revealed the presence of at least four fractions, possibly representing different esterases. The differences in the inhibitory effect of various chemicals on these fractions reveal them to be four types of esterases, namely: arylesterase, carboxylesterase, acetylesterase and cholinesterase. 相似文献
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Granone TD de Francisco ON Killos MB Quandt JE Mandsager RE Graham LF 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2012,39(1):29-37
Objective To compare isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane for inhalant anesthesia in red‐tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) in terms of the speed and characteristics of induction; cardiovascular and respiratory parameters while anesthetized; and speed and quality of recovery. Study design Prospective, cross over, randomized experimental study. Animals 12 healthy adult red‐tailed hawks. Methods Anesthesia was induced with isoflurane, sevoflurane or desflurane in oxygen via face mask in a crossover, randomized design with a 1 week washout period between each treatment. Hawks were tracheally intubated, allowed to breathe spontaneously, and instrumented for cardiopulmonary monitoring. Data collected included heart rate, respiratory rate, end‐tidal CO2, inspired and expired agent, SpO2, temperature, systolic blood pressure, time to intubation and time to recovery (tracking). Recovery was subjectively scored on a 4 point scale as well as a summary evaluation, by a single blinded observer. Results No significant difference in time to induction and time to extubation was noted with the administration of isoflurane, sevoflurane or desflurane. Time to the ability of the bird to follow a moving object with its eyes (tracking) was significantly faster with the administration of sevoflurane and desflurane. All recoveries were scored 1 or 2 and were assessed as good to excellent. No significant difference was noted in heart rate, blood pressure and temperature among the three inhalants. Administration of isoflurane resulted in lower respiratory rates. Conclusions and clinical relevance Overall, although isoflurane remains the most common inhaled anesthetic in avian practice, sevoflurane and desflurane both offer faster time to tracking, while similar changes in cardiopulmonary function were observed with each agent during anesthesia of healthy red‐tailed hawks. 相似文献