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河南省不同地区棉花黄萎病菌分离物致病性及其毒素致萎活性测定 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
在河南省不同地区分离并鉴定33株棉花黄萎病菌分离物,并进行了致病力和粗毒素致萎活性测定。致病力结果表明,河南省棉花黄萎病菌分离物可分为强、中、弱3种致病力类型,分别占48.5%、21.2%、30.3%。河南省同一地区内不同分离物间致病力差异明显。粗毒素致萎活性测定结果表明,黄萎病菌强致病力分离物分泌的粗毒素对棉苗的致萎力较强,弱致病力分离物分泌的粗毒素对棉苗的致萎力较弱,强、中、弱3种致病力类型分离物在72h时对棉苗的平均致萎指数分别为63.82、52.38、45.83。采用考马斯亮蓝法测定不同分离物粗蛋白含量,结果表明,不同黄萎病菌分离物分泌的粗蛋白含量存在明显差异,且与其所致的病情指数呈显著正相关。 相似文献
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棉花黄萎菌落叶型菌系毒素纯化及抗血清制备 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
用SephacrylS 200HR层析柱纯化了V991菌系毒素,经叶片针刺涂抹方法确认其致萎功能后,免疫大白兔制备了抗血清。用间接ELISA方法对强、中、弱3种不同致病力共10个菌株的培养液进行了特异性检测,结果表明:抗血清具备一定生理型特异性,能够准确检出全部强致病力落叶型菌系,可作为不同生理型划分的指标之一。用毛细管电泳、SDS PAGE和Western杂交方法检测了V991毒素的组分:在中性条件下,毒素在毛细管电泳时存在2个峰;SDS PAGE将毒素分为8条带,其中4条主带具有强烈的致萎性;Western点杂交的反应强度与相应蛋白回收带的致萎功能之间明显相关。 相似文献
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棉花黄萎病菌毒素ELISA检测方法的建立及其应用 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
以纯化的棉花黄萎病菌毒素(PLPC)免疫新西兰白兔制备了PLPC特异性抗血清,建立了可特异性检测棉花黄萎病菌毒素的A蛋白双抗体夹心ELISA方法。应用建立的ELISA方法测定了病菌培养滤液、人工接种幼苗和大田病株不同组织中的毒素,结果表明:不同产毒能力菌株(VD 8和VD-5)在25℃下振荡培养3d后就能在培养滤液中检测到毒素,这比生物测定要早2～3d。将VD-8菌株的孢子以灌根方式接种泗棉3号幼苗5d后,就能从接种幼苗的茎杆和叶柄中检测到毒素,这比幼苗自然发病显症要早3～5d。在测定的30份大田病株茎杆、叶柄、叶脉样品中,阳性样品率为100%。这些结果表明建立的ELISA方法可用于菌株产毒能力的测定和大田棉花黄萎病的早期诊断。 相似文献
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河北省棉花黄萎菌落叶型和非落叶型菌系初步鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用PCR特异性扩增技术对从采自河北省的228株棉花黄萎菌(Verticillium dahliae)、四川省的2株棉花黄萎菌(菌株Sch-1和Sch-3)、辽宁省的1株黄萎菌(菌株Ly-1)、棉花黄萎菌标准菌株(落叶型标准菌株T9和非落叶型标准菌株V97)和3株棉花枯萎菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum)菌株进行了落叶型和非落叶型菌系的鉴定.结果表明,利用V.dahliae特异性引物DB19/DB22从233株黄萎菌中均可获得500 bp的特异性片段,而3株棉花枯萎菌中不能获得扩增产物.分别利用非落叶型特异性引物INTNDf/INTNDr和落叶型特异性引物INTD2f/INTD2r对233株黄萎菌进行PCR扩增.菌株Sch-1、Sch-3、Ly-1及非落叶型黄萎菌标准菌株V97利用非落叶型特异性引物INTNDf/INTNDr可扩增出1 100 bp的产物;采自河北省的228株黄萎菌和落叶型标准菌株T9利用落叶型特异性引物INTD2f/INTD2r可扩增出450 bp的产物.结果表明,目前河北省主要棉区棉花黄萎病菌以落叶型黄萎菌菌株为主. 相似文献
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棉花黄萎病抗病性鉴定新方法探讨 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
测试了12个具有不同抗性的棉花品种根冠细胞对棉花黄萎病毒素的敏感性,以孢子悬浮液苗期接种和毒素醮根为对照.试验结果表明,供试品种的根冠细胞死亡率与苗期接种病指和幼苗萎蔫指数均呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.719与0.816,试验证明,利用离体根冠细胞对毒素的敏感差异鉴定品种抗性,操作简便,结果可靠,适于大批量鉴定. 相似文献
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用相互嫁接和定量PCR分析棉花对棉花黄萎病的抗性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究棉花对棉花黄萎病的抗性机制, 本文选用对棉花黄萎病表现抗病的海岛棉(Gossypium barbadense)材料海7124和Pima 90及感病的陆地棉(G. hirsutum)材料冀棉11, 通过相互嫁接的方法构建试验系统, 用棉花黄萎菌对其人工接种, 利用Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR)技术分析其在感病和抗病棉花中侵染的差别。相互嫁接试验中感/抗和抗/感组合的病情指数介于感/感和抗/抗对照之间, 且相互嫁接棉株各个部位的IC值(侵染系数)也多介于其对照相应部位之间; 并且病情指数与不同部位IC值显著相关, 说明棉花黄萎菌可以通过接口在抗-感之间扩展。感/抗嫁接组合试验说明抗病材料的茎基部在抑制病原菌扩展中起重要的作用, 而抗/感类型试验说明抗病材料接口以上部分也具有抑制病原菌增殖的作用。总之, 抗病海岛棉无论作为砧木还是接穗, 都能有效抑制病原菌的扩展, 说明抗病海岛棉对棉花黄萎菌具全株抗性, 但茎基部在抑制病原菌扩展中起重要的作用; 同样, 感/抗和抗/感组合试验也说明感病材料的各个部位均不能抑制病原菌的定殖和扩展。 相似文献
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北方植棉区棉花黄萎病菌生理分化类型研究 总被引：17，自引：5，他引：17
通过对采自北方植棉区落叶和非落叶病株的５１个棉花黄萎病菌系致病力分化测定结果，确定我国北方植棉区存在落叶类强致病力菌系；混合类中度致病力菌系及非落叶类弱致病力菌系的３个致病类型，并分别占测试菌的４１．５１％、３５．８５％和２２．６４％，其中９个强致病菌系致害棉苗出现落叶程度与对照菌的落叶程度相当或略重，表明河北、山东、河南植棉区重病田有落叶型黄萎菌系。病菌培养性状研究，得出３个培养型，即黑色菌落型、灰白色菌落型与白色菌落型。明确了黄萎病菌生长最佳温度为２５℃，这一结果同田间黄萎病大发生要求的温度一致。 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
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Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
16.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
17.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
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E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献