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棉花纤维发育的分子机理及品质改良研究进展 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
棉花纤维细胞的分化与发育是一个复杂有序的过程,在不同的发育时期均有大量的基因表达,参与纤维细胞发育的调控。转录因子和植物激素在棉纤维细胞分化起始过程中起重要的作用。纤维细胞壁结构、细胞骨架和糖类、脂类代谢相关的基因以及激素信号分子与纤维细胞的伸长密切相关。棉纤维次生壁合成时期主要是纤维素的合成及沉积过程,蔗糖合成酶和纤维素合成酶等基因在这一时期起关键的调节作用。在棉纤维发育分子生物学研究的基础上,利用基因工程改良棉花纤维品质也取得了一些研究进展。 相似文献
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次生壁加厚过程中影响棉纤维素合成的 主要生理机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
笔者结合国内外对于棉纤维发育过程中纤维细胞内部生理生化反应的最新研究成果,依据棉花纤维比强度形成机制,综述了棉纤维比强度形成的关键时期次生壁加厚期,纤维素生物合成的物质变化、参与调控其合成的酶系（纤维素合成酶,蔗糖合成酶,β-1,3-葡聚糖合酶,β-1,3-葡聚糖酶,吲哚乙酸氧化酶和过氧化物酶）及影响合成的主要因素（基因型,温度,激素）等方面的研究进展。为探索改善棉纤维比强度的生理调控途径和培育高纤维强度的棉花品种提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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棉纤维加厚发育生理特性的基因型差异及对纤维比强度的影响 总被引：14，自引：4，他引：14
选择3类棉纤维比强度差异明显的品种,于2004—2005年在江苏南京（长江流域下游棉区）研究棉纤维加厚发育过程中主要生理特性的基因型差异及对纤维比强度的影响,为探索改善棉纤维比强度的生理调控途径提供理论依据。结果表明,高纤维比强度基因型（科棉1号）棉纤维中可溶性糖转化多,进入纤维次生壁加厚发育期的β-1,3-葡聚糖含量峰值高,纤维素合成关键酶（蔗糖合成酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶）活性增强快、峰值高,纤维素累积速率平缓且快速累积期长;而较低纤维比强度基因型（苏棉15和德夏棉1号）的棉纤维加厚发育生理特征与此相反;中等棉纤维比强度基因型（美棉33B）则介于上述两者之间。与纤维素生物合成相关的物质和关键酶活性变化的基因型差异是造成纤维素累积速率及纤维比强度差异的主要生理原因之一。此外,β-1,3-葡聚糖含量的剧增可作为棉纤维进入次生壁加厚发育阶段的一个重要特征。 相似文献
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棉纤维品质改良的分子生物学基础 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
本文简要地评述了棉纤维特异性表达基因和棉花纤维素合成酶基因的克隆及其表达方面的研究进展。与棉纤维伸长有关的基因主要有GhCAP和pGhEXl,与棉纤维次生壁加厚有关的基因主要有H6、Fb-E6和FSl8A等,但这些基因的精确功能还有待进一步研究。棉花celA是从第一个高等植物中克隆出的编码纤维素合成酶催化亚基的基因。利用转基因技术将抗虫、抗除草剂基因和这些与纤维发育有关的基因导入棉花,不但可改良棉花的产量和纤维品质,降低生产成本,而且可减轻对环境的不利影响,从而增强棉花的市场竞争力。 相似文献
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棉花纤维发育的分子研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
棉花纤维的发育经历起始期、伸长期(初生壁形成)、次生壁形成期和成熟期四个时期，大量研究表明在棉花纤维发育的各个阶段均有大量的基因参与调控棉花纤维起始细胞突起，棉花纤维细胞的伸长及次生壁的形成等过程。本文综述了棉花纤维发育过程中在分子水平上的一些研究进展。 相似文献
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棉纤维细胞发育过程中非纤维素多糖的生物合成 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
在棉纤维细胞伸长阶段,核苷糖通过不同的酶促反应相互转换,在糖基转移酶的催化下,合成大量的木葡聚糖、木聚糖和果胶多糖等非纤维素多糖,直接参与棉花纤维形态的建成。高尔基体是非纤维素多糖合成的主要场所。非纤维素多糖的合成酶主要包括合成不同核苷糖的转换酶和合成非纤维素多糖的糖基转移酶。棉花纤维的品质,特别是棉纤维强度除了与纤维素的结晶度和排列方式相关外,可能还与棉花纤维中非纤维多糖的交联相关。 相似文献
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中国科学家在棉花纤维发育研究领域取得最新进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在最近短短的几年时间里,中国科学家群体在相关国家科学基金的支持下,利用功能基因组学技术手段在棉花纤维发育研究领域取得了令人瞩目的突破性进展,使我国在棉纤维发生发育的分子机制研究方面处于世界领先地位,其中重要的研究结果发表在国际著名的期刊《ThePlantCell》等杂志上。从分子水平弄清控制棉纤维细胞伸长的真正机制,对于棉花纤维的发生与伸长的调控以及高等植物的生长和形态的建成具有重要科学意义和显著的学术意义。通过棉花纤维发育的基础研究,建立了棉纤维品质分子改良的技术平台,同时为棉花分子育种提供了纤维品质改良的关键功能基因,为进一步显著提高棉花纤维品质,创制纤维品质优异的新材料奠定了重要的基础。 相似文献
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棉纤维形态建成研究的新进展 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
植物细胞的形态建成包括两个基本过程 :分化决定细胞的命运 ,而发育使细胞具有特殊的功能。棉纤维是单细胞种皮毛 ,主要由纯的晶体化的纤维素组成 ,其形态建成的特点是胚珠表皮细胞的分化具有很高的同步性和发育具有明显的、重叠的阶段性 ,而且持续时间很长 ,是研究细胞生长、细胞壁形成和纤维素合成的理想材料。近年来 ,棉纤维形态建成的研究取得了可喜的进展 ,纤维细胞的伸长是扩散生长而非顶端生长 ,纤维素的生物合成是在细胞膜的微纤丝末端复合体上 ,并克隆几十个纤维特异基因及启动子。本文综述棉纤维形态建成新的研究进展 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
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Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
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D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
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Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
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E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
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Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献