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细胞因子类佐剂在核酸疫苗中的作用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
细胞因子在免疫应答的产生和调节中具有重要作用,可作为免疫佐剂增强疫苗的免疫效果。近年来,重组质粒表达的细胞因子在核酸疫苗研究领域引起了人们广泛的兴趣与关注。文章简述了三类细胞因子在核酸疫苗的研究与应用,探讨了目前应用这些细胞因子类佐剂所存在的问题。 相似文献
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细胞因子（Cytokine）是一类主要由免疫细胞产生的、极微量的、具有广谱生物学活性的小分子肽。它既不属于免疫球蛋白，也不属于激素。细胞因子是免疫系统的重要调节分子，病原感染或疫苗接种诱导产生的细胞因子决定免疫反应的类型和程度。细胞因子作为佐剂用于疫苗的研制，即采用将抗原基因与细胞因子质粒联合注射或融合表达的方法，来提高诱导机体免疫应答效率，增强免疫效果。 相似文献
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佐剂是增强和调节疫苗抗原免疫反应的免疫刺激物,与抗原一起使用能产生更强的免疫反应。佐剂能激活机体的天然免疫系统,当佐剂和抗原同时或预先注射到机体内,可改变抗原的形态并延长抗原在体内的滞留时间,促进单核吞噬细胞对抗原的递呈能力及刺激淋巴细胞增殖分化,从而增强机体对抗原的免疫应答或改变免疫应答类型。佐剂的发展史长达一百多年,目前使用最广泛的疫苗佐剂是铝佐剂,传统的灭活疫苗在很大程度上依靠以铝盐为主的复合物作为主要佐剂。但近年来,随着基因工程技术和生物技术的飞速发展,重组疫苗、基因工程载体疫苗、核酸疫苗等新型疫苗逐步被开发出来,这些新型疫苗与传统疫苗相比往往存在免疫应答能力差等问题,早期的抗原不纯导致传统的铝盐佐剂已无法满足需要。为解决新型疫苗免疫原性差的问题,科研人员致力于开发广谱且高效的新型疫苗佐剂用来增强新型疫苗的作用。新型疫苗佐剂种类繁多,功能各不相同且机制较为复杂,可分为新型油乳佐剂、脂质体佐剂、CpG寡核苷酸佐剂、细胞因子佐剂、纳米佐剂、多糖佐剂及复合系统类佐剂等。笔者对疫苗佐剂的发展史、作用机制及新型疫苗佐剂的分类进行分析和评述,以期为新型疫苗佐剂的研制及开发提供参考。 相似文献
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不同类型免疫佐剂的作用比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
“免疫剂”(Immunoadjuvant)是一种能与特异性抗原结合 ,能比疫苗单独使用时产生更强的免疫应答的物质。免疫佐剂通常是指与抗原物质同时注射或预先注射后 ,能非特异地增强或改善动物机体对抗原物质免疫应答的物质。1 抗原传递系统佐剂1.1 弗氏佐剂 弗氏佐剂 (Freund′s Adju-vant,FA)分为弗氏完全佐剂 (FCA)和弗氏不完全佐剂 (FIA)。FCA是标准的诱生体液和细胞免疫佐剂 ,可诱导 Th1型细胞因子 ;FIA则是典型的只诱导 Th2型细胞因子 ,诱生抗体的佐剂。除少数兽用疫苗使用 FIA(如口蹄疫疫苗 )外 ,很少用于动物免疫。FCA的副作用 … 相似文献
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Enhancement of mucosal immune responses by intranasal co-delivery of Newcastle disease vaccine plus CpG oligonucleotide in SPF chickens in vivo 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) have been tested as immunoadjuvants for various vaccines in mice and human. Findings from previous reports suggest that CpG ODN can be used to enhance magnitude and balance of an immune response while reducing undesirable side effects of commercial vaccine, when delivered by parenteral route. Recently, it has been showed that CpG ODN is a promising mucosal adjuvant in mice, but data on mucosal immune responses induced by CpG ODN in other animals, especially in chickens, are scarce. Herein, we evaluated intranasal (IN) delivery of CpG ODN with newcastle disease (ND) vaccine (NDV) to determine its potential as a mucosal adjuvant to a commercial vaccine. CpG ODN augmented systemic (IgG in serum, T cell proliferation) and mucosal (IgA in intestinal washings and feces) immune responses against antigen. CpG ODN stimulated effectively both systemic and mucosal immune responses when delivered intranasally. Results from this study indicate that stimulatory CpG ODN is a potential effective mucosal adjuvant for the NDV in SPF chickens and may be applicable to husbandry animals. 相似文献
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《Research in veterinary science》2009,86(3):495-502
Immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) have been tested as immunoadjuvants for various vaccines in mice and human. Findings from previous reports suggest that CpG ODN can be used to enhance magnitude and balance of an immune response while reducing undesirable side effects of commercial vaccine, when delivered by parenteral route. Recently, it has been showed that CpG ODN is a promising mucosal adjuvant in mice, but data on mucosal immune responses induced by CpG ODN in other animals, especially in chickens, are scarce. Herein, we evaluated intranasal (IN) delivery of CpG ODN with newcastle disease (ND) vaccine (NDV) to determine its potential as a mucosal adjuvant to a commercial vaccine. CpG ODN augmented systemic (IgG in serum, T cell proliferation) and mucosal (IgA in intestinal washings and feces) immune responses against antigen. CpG ODN stimulated effectively both systemic and mucosal immune responses when delivered intranasally. Results from this study indicate that stimulatory CpG ODN is a potential effective mucosal adjuvant for the NDV in SPF chickens and may be applicable to husbandry animals. 相似文献
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猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome,PRRS)是一种主要表现为母猪繁殖障碍与仔猪呼吸道症状的传染病。近年来,猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)变异株不断出现,免疫逃避及持续性感染使得猪群发病率或复发率均相继增高,给养猪业带来了巨大的损失。目前所采用的胃肠道途径接种活疫苗或灭活疫苗的方法无法诱导对猪群的全面保护作用。为减少养猪业的经济损失,亟需研制新防制方法和新疫苗接种途径。作者主要从黏膜免疫的免疫部位、呼吸道保护性黏膜免疫反应诱导、黏膜免疫途径、佐剂的选择及病毒的免疫抑制反应等方面简要论述了有效防制PRRSV的黏膜免疫方法的研究进展,为进一步了解黏膜免疫抵御PRRSV突变株感染及黏膜疫苗研制等方面提供有用的信息。 相似文献
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几种黏膜免疫佐剂对鸡小肠IgA分泌细胞的影响 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
分别在新城疫Ⅳ系弱毒苗中添加黏膜免疫佐剂乳酸杆菌、CpG DNA、重组IL-2、氟化钠和大豆黄酮，经口免疫鸡后，研究十二指肠、空肠、Peyer’s斑单位面积IgA分泌细胞的变化。首先提纯鸡IgA和制备兔抗鸡IgA血清，然后应用免疫组化技术显示鸡小肠IgA分泌细胞。结果表明，在免疫后第3周、第5周乳酸杆菌组比新城疫组（ND）极显著增加各段小肠IgA分泌细胞的数量（P〈0．01）；CpGDNA、重组IL-2和大豆黄酮在整个免疫期内均明显增加鸡小肠黏膜局部IgA分泌细胞数量；NaF对鸡体黏膜局部IgA分泌细胞数量无明显增加。结果表明乳酸杆菌、CpGDNA、重组IL-2和大豆黄酮是有效的口服黏膜免疫佐剂。 相似文献
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Vujanic A Sutton P Snibson KJ Yen HH Scheerlinck JP 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,148(1-2):172-177
The induction of potent mucosal immune responses able to prevent the establishment of infection at the onset of mucosal pathogen colonisation represents a desirable but challenging goal for vaccine development. Here we compare nasal vaccine delivery with intra-pulmonary vaccination using a sheep lymphatic cannulation model. Our results demonstrate that nasal delivery of a non-infective ISCOMATRIX(?) influenza vaccine does not induce primary immune responses in the lymph draining the nasal lymph nodes, suggesting that local immune responses in the lymph nodes draining the nasal cavity are relatively weak. However, this mode of delivery can boost existing immunity in the nasal lymph. Using the same adjuvant we were able to induce very potent immune responses in both blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), following intra-pulmonary delivery of ISCOMATRIX(?) influenza vaccine, even when very small doses of antigen were employed. Lung delivery could also induce comparable immune responses against other recombinant antigens mixed with ISCOMATRIX(?) adjuvant and could therefore become a method of choice for the induction of immunity to mucosal pathogens infecting the lower respiratory tract. 相似文献